动态路由协议OSPF的area问题。。 ospf 动态路由协议中引入区域的概念，具有什么优点
\u52a8\u6001\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8baeOSPF\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5212\u5206\u533a\u57dfOSPF(Open Shortest Path First\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u4f18\u5148\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae(Interior Gateway Protocol\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0IGP\uff09\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u5355\u4e00\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08autonomous system,AS\uff09\u5185\u51b3\u7b56\u8def\u7531\u3002\u662f\u5bf9\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u96b6\u5c5e\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\uff08IGP\uff09\uff0c\u6545\u8fd0\u4f5c\u4e8e\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u3002\u8457\u540d\u7684\u8fea\u514b\u65af\u52a0\u7b97\u6cd5(Dijkstra)\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u6811\u3002OSPF\u5206\u4e3aOSPFv2\u548cOSPFv3\u4e24\u4e2a\u7248\u672c,\u5176\u4e2dOSPFv2\u7528\u5728IPv4\u7f51\u7edc\uff0cOSPFv3\u7528\u5728IPv6\u7f51\u7edc\u3002OSPFv2\u662f\u7531RFC 2328\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\uff0cOSPFv3\u662f\u7531RFC 5340\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u4e0eRIP\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0cOSPF\u662f\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u800cRIP\u662f\u8ddd\u79bb\u77e2\u91cf\u534f\u8bae\u3002
\u4e0d\u540c\u5382\u5546\u7ba1\u7406\u8ddd\u79bb\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u601d\u79d1OSPF\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u7ba1\u7406\u8ddd\u79bb\uff08AD\uff09\u662f110\uff0c\u534e\u4e3aOSPF\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u7ba1\u7406\u8ddd\u79bb
\u60a8\u597d\uff0c\u5f88\u9ad8\u5174\u4e3a\u60a8\u89e3\u7b54\u3002
OSPF\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a \u5728OSPF\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u9700\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e2aOSPF\u8def\u7531\u57df\uff1b\u4e00\u4e2a\u662fRouter ID\u3002 \u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08Autonomous System\uff09\u662f\u6307\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u79cd\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u4ea4\u6362\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0AS\u3002\u7531\u4e8eLSDB\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7f51\u7edc\u5185\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7f51\u7edc\u5185\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5728LSDB\u4e2d\u6807\u8bc6\u81ea\u5df1\u3002 Router ID\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\u4e00\u53f0\u8fd0\u884cOSPF\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u768432\u4f4d\u6574\u6570\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fd0\u884cOSPF\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aRouter ID\u3002OSPF\u534f\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3aRouter ID\u768432\u4f4d\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u6574\u6570\u6765\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\u4e00\u53f0\u8def\u7531\u5668\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u53f0\u8fd0\u884cOSPF\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2aRouter ID\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2aRouter ID\u4e00\u822c\u9700\u8981\u624b\u5de5\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5c06\u5176\u914d\u7f6e\u4e3a\u8be5\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u3002\u7531\u4e8eIP\u5730\u5740\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u4fdd\u8bc1Router ID\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6027\u3002\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u624b\u5de5\u914d\u7f6eRouter ID\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5382\u5bb6\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff08\u5305\u62ecQuidway\u7cfb\u5217\uff09\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u52a8\u4ece\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u6709\u63a5\u53e3\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u81ea\u52a8\u9009\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\u4f5c\u4e3aRouter ID\u3002
OSPF\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u70b9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
1\u652f\u6301\u65e0\u7c7b\u57df\u5185\u8def\u7531\uff08CIDR\uff09\uff1a OSPF\u662f\u4e13\u95e8\u4e3aTCP/IP\u73af\u5883\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u663e\u5f0f\u652f\u6301\u65e0\u7c7b\u57df\u5185\u8def\u7531\uff08CIDR\uff09\u548c\u53ef\u53d8\u957f\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\uff08VLSM\uff09\u3002
2\u65e0\u8def\u7531\u81ea\u73af\uff1a \u7531\u4e8e\u8def\u7531\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u57fa\u4e8e\u8be6\u7ec6\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u4fe1\u606f\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64OSPF\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u8def\u7531\u65e0\u81ea\u73af\u3002
3\u6536\u655b\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb\uff1a \u89e6\u53d1\u5f0f\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f\u7acb\u523b\u6cdb\u6d2a\uff0c\u5bf9\u62d3\u6251\u53d8\u5316\u654f\u611f\u3002
4\u4f7f\u7528IP\u7ec4\u64ad\u6536\u53d1\u534f\u8bae\u6570\u636e\uff1a OSPF\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u7ec4\u64ad\u548c\u5355\u64ad\u6536\u53d1\u534f\u8bae\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5360\u7528\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u5f88\u5c0f\u3002
5\u652f\u6301\u591a\u6761\u7b49\u503c\u8def\u7531\uff1a \u5f53\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u7684\u7b49\u5f00\u9500\u8def\u5f84\u6709\u591a\u6761\u65f6\uff0c\u6d41\u91cf\u88ab\u5747\u8861\u5730\u5206\u62c5\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b49\u5f00\u9500\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u3002
6\u652f\u6301\u534f\u8bae\u62a5\u6587\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff1a OSPF\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u6240\u6709\u62a5\u6587\u90fd\u88ab\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002
OSPF\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a
2 OSPF\u6700\u663e\u8457\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u65e9\u5148\u7684\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u77e2\u91cf\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u9996\u5148\u4ecb\u7ecd\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8def\u7531\u8ba1\u7b97\u57fa\u672c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u901a\u8fc7\u6cdb\u6d2a\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u901a\u544a\uff08LSA\uff09\u5411\u5916\u53d1\u5e03\u672c\u5730\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u53ef\u5230\u8fbe\u7684\u90bb\u5c45\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u7f51\u6bb5\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u901a\u8fc7\u6536\u96c6\u5176\u5b83\u8def\u7531\u5668\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u901a\u544a\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u8eab\u751f\u6210\u7684\u672c\u5730\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u901a\u544a\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08LSDB\uff09\u3002LSDB\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u8def\u7531\u57df\u5185\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002\u901a\u8fc7LSDB\uff0c\u6bcf\u53f0\u8def\u7531\u5668\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u4e3a\u6839\uff0c\u4ee5\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5176\u5b83\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a\u53f6\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u6811\u3002\u6bcf\u53f0\u8def\u7531\u5668\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u6811\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5176\u5b83\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8def\u7531\u8868\u3002
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~ O(\u2229_\u2229)O~
1， 在R2和R3上起虚链路，指明虚链路的对端就可以。
2，tunnel的创建也是为了解决这类问题的，具体办法：在R2和R3上分别起tunnel，注意两台路由器所启用的tunnel的地址要在同一网段，然后再OSPF进程中将tunnel地址宣告就可以了。
这是典型的虚链路类型题
创建虚链路就行了
绛旓細杩欐槸鍏稿瀷鐨勮繙绂area0鐨勫叾浠朼rea銆傛湁涓ょ瑙ｅ喅鍔炴硶锛岀涓鏄櫄閾捐矾锛岀浜屾槸tunnel銆1锛 鍦≧2鍜孯3涓婅捣铏氶摼璺紝鎸囨槑铏氶摼璺殑瀵圭灏卞彲浠ャ2锛宼unnel鐨勫垱寤轰篃鏄负浜嗚В鍐宠繖绫婚棶棰樼殑锛屽叿浣撳姙娉曪細鍦≧2鍜孯3涓婂垎鍒捣tunnel锛屾敞鎰忎袱鍙璺敱鍣鎵鍚敤鐨則unnel鐨勫湴鍧瑕佸湪鍚屼竴缃戞锛岀劧鍚庡啀OSPF杩涚▼涓皢tunnel鍦板潃瀹ｅ憡灏卞彲...
绛旓細Ruijie(config)#router ospf 10 ---寮鍚痮spf 10 杩涚▼ Ruijie(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 ---鎶婂寘鍚192.168.1.0 /24鐨勭綉缁滃垝鍏ュ尯鍩 0 SW B閰嶇疆锛歊uijie(config)#router ospf 10 Ruijie(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 Ruij...
绛旓細1.1.鐐瑰埌鐐圭綉缁,姣斿T1绾胯矾锛屾槸杩炴帴鍗曠嫭鐨勪竴瀵璺敱鍣ㄧ殑缃戠粶锛岀偣鍒扮偣缃戠粶涓婄殑鏈夋晥閭诲眳鎬绘槸鍙互褰㈡垚閭绘帴鍏崇郴鐨勶紝鍦ㄨ繖绉嶇綉缁滀笂锛OSPF鍖呯殑鐩爣鍦板潃浣跨敤鐨勬槸224.0.0.5锛岃繖涓粍鎾湴鍧绉颁负AllSPFRouters.2.1.骞挎挱鍨嬬綉缁滐紝姣斿浠ュお缃戯紝Token Ring鍜孎DDI锛岃繖鏍风殑缃戠粶涓婁細閫変妇涓涓狣R鍜孊DR,DR/BDR鐨勫彂閫佺殑OS...
绛旓細OSPF鎰忔濇槸鎸囦竴涓唴閮ㄧ綉鍏冲崗璁(Interior Gateway Protocol锛岀畝绉癐GP锛夛紝鐢ㄤ簬鍦ㄥ崟涓鑷不绯荤粺鍐呭喅绛栬矾鐢便侽SPF涓昏閫氳繃涓涓摼璺姸鎬璺敱鍗忚鏉ュ疄鐜帮紝璇ュ崗璁毝灞炰簬鍐呴儴缃戝叧鍗忚锛圛GP锛夛紝鍥犳鍦ㄨ嚜娌荤郴缁熷唴杩愯銆侽SPF鍒嗕负OSPFv2鍜孫SPFv3涓や釜鐗堟湰,鍏朵腑OSPFv2鐢ㄥ湪IPv4缃戠粶銆侽SPF涔熺О涓烘帴鍙ｇ姸鎬佽矾鐢卞崗璁紝OSPF閫氳繃閫氱煡璺...
绛旓細router ospf 1 router 10.25.160.56 //璺敱loopback鍦板潃 network 10.25.160.56 0.0.0.0 area 2//璺敱loopback鍦板潃 network 24.2.73.26 0.0.0.3 area 2//鎺ュ彛鍦板潃 area 2 stub
绛旓細1銆鍔ㄦ佽矾鐢卞崗璁畂spf鏀寔鏄庢枃楠岃瘉鍜屽姞瀵嗛獙璇併傛垜浠繖閲屼互涓夊彴2811璺敱鍣ㄩ厤缃2銆佹嫇鎵戝浘涓紝鎴戜滑閰嶇疆璺敱R1鍜孯2鏄庢枃楠岃瘉锛孯2鍜孯3鍔犲瘑楠岃瘉銆傛煡鐪婻1鐨勭洿鎺ョ綉缁溿3銆侀厤缃甊1鐨刼spfR1(config-if)#router ospf 1R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0銆4銆佹煡鐪婻2鐨勭洿鎺ョ綉缁淩2#sh ip...
绛旓細RIP鍗忚閲囩敤璺濈鐭㈤噺绠楁硶銆OSPF鍗忚閲囩敤鏈鐭矾寰勭畻娉曘俁IP(璺敱淇℃伅鍗忚锛夋槸涓绉嶅唴閮ㄧ綉鍏冲崗璁紙IGP锛夛紝鏄竴绉鍔ㄦ佽矾鐢閫夋嫨鍗忚锛岀敤浜庤嚜娌荤郴缁燂紙AS锛夊唴鐨勮矾鐢变俊鎭殑浼犻掋俁IP鍗忚鍩轰簬璺濈鐭㈤噺绠楁硶锛屼娇鐢ㄢ滆烦鏁扳(鍗砿etric)鏉ヨ 閲忓埌杈剧洰鏍囧湴鍧鐨勮矾鐢辫窛绂汇侽SPF鍗忚鏄袱涓浉閭荤殑璺敱鍣ㄩ氳繃鍙戞姤鏂囩殑褰㈠紡鎴愪负閭诲眳...
绛旓細鏍规嵁璺敱绠楁硶,鍔ㄦ佽矾鐢卞崗璁鍙垎涓鸿窛绂诲悜閲忚矾鐢卞崗璁(Distance Vector Routing Protocol)鍜岄摼璺姸鎬佽矾鐢卞崗璁(Link State Routing Protocol)銆傝窛绂诲悜閲忚矾鐢卞崗璁熀浜嶣ellman-Ford绠楁硶,涓昏鏈塕IP銆両GRP(IGRP涓 Cisco鍏徃鐨勭鏈夊崗璁);閾捐矾鐘舵佽矾鐢卞崗璁熀浜庡浘璁轰腑闈炲父钁楀悕鐨凞ijkstra绠楁硶,鍗虫渶鐭紭鍏堣矾寰(Shortest Path First, SPF)...
绛旓細OSPF璺敱鍗忚鍩烘湰閰嶇疆鍙婃墜鍔ㄩ厤缃矾鐢卞櫒浼樺厛绾1锛歩nterface GigabitEthernet0/0/0ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0ospf dr-priority 100 //鎵嬪伐閰嶇疆璺敱鍣ㄤ紭鍏堢骇锛岀‘淇濇寚瀹氳矾鐢卞櫒鎺ュ彛鎴愪负DR interface LoopBack0ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 ospf 1area 0.0.0.1network 1.1.1.1 ...
绛旓細1锛OSPF鏄紒涓氱綉涓簲鐢ㄦ渶骞挎硾鐨勪竴绉岻GP璺敱鍗忚銆傞氬父浼佷笟缃戜笌ISP锛堜簰鑱旂綉鏈嶅姟鎻愪緵鍟嗭級鐩歌繛璁块棶澶栭儴缃戠粶銆傞氬父鎯呭喌涓嬩紒涓氱綉缁滆澶囦笌ISP璁惧涔嬮棿涓嶄細杩愯鏌愮鍔ㄦ浜ゆ崲璺敱淇℃伅銆備紒涓氭棤闇鐭ラ亾鍜岀淮鎶ゅ閮ㄧ綉缁滐紝鑰屾槸閫氳繃缂虹渷璺敱鐨勬柟寮忔潵瀹炵幇瀵瑰缃戠殑璁块棶锛岃繖鏍峰彲浠ョ簿绠璺敱琛ㄨ妯★紝鍚屾椂褰撳閮ㄧ綉缁滃彂鐢熸晠闅滄椂锛屼紒涓...
