如何讲清英语语法中直接引语与间接引语的互换 英语直接引语间接引语互换
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\u2192 My teacher asked me ifwhether I liked American country music. \u6211\u8001\u5e08\u95ee\u6211\u662f\u5426\u559c\u6b22\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e61\u6751\u97f3\u4e50\u3002
\u2192 He asked me ifwhether I had been to Beijing. \u4ed6\u95ee\u6211\u662f\u5426\u53bb\u8fc7\u5317\u4eac\u3002
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\u2192 She asked me whether I knew her telephone number or not. \u5979\u95ee\u6211\u662f\u77e5\u9053\u5979\u7684\u7535\u8bdd\u53f7\u7801\u3002
\u2192 Tom asked me whether I liked this one or that one. \u6c64\u59c6\u95ee\u6211\u662f\u559c\u6b22\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fd8\u662f\u90a3\u4e2a\u3002
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\u2192 She asked me how many books I had. \u5979\u95ee\u6211\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u672c\u3002
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\u2460\uff0esuggest doing
\u2192 Michael suggested going to the film tonight. \u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u5efa\u8bae\u4eca\u665a\u90fd\u53bb\u770b\u7535\u5f71\u3002
He suggested having a drink. \u4ed6\u5efa\u8bae\u559d\u4e00\u676f\u3002
\u2461\uff0eadvise sb to do
James advised me to go hiking. \u8a79\u59c6\u58eb\u5efa\u8bae\u6211\u53bb\u5f92\u6b65\u65c5\u884c\u3002
\u2462. offer to do
He offered to ost the letter. \u4ed6\u4e3b\u52a8\u63d0\u51fa\u5bc4\u4fe1\u3002
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He sad\uff0c\u201cI am forty\uff0c\u201d\u2192He said that he was forty\uff0e
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He said\uff0c\u201cAre you coming tomorrow\uff1f\u201d\u2192He asked me if I wascoming the next day\uff0e
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He said\uff0c\u201cIs she an English teacher\uff1f\u201d\u2192He asked if she was an English teacher\uff0e
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He said\uff0c\u201cAre you interested in English\uff1f\u201d\u2192He asked me/us if Iwas/we were interested in English\uff0e
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can\u2192could\uff1bmay\u2192might\uff1bmust\u2192had to
一、直接引语变间接引语时句式的变化
1.陈述句变为以 that 引导的宾语从句。例如：
He said, “I'm very glad.”
→He said that he was very glad.
2.一般疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句。例如：
He said, “Can you come this afternoon, John?”
→He asked whether (if) John could come that afternoon.
3. 特殊疑问句变为由who, what, when等疑问词引导的宾语从句。例如：
He said, “Where is Mr. Wang?”
→He asked where Mr. Wang was.
二、 人称的变化
【点拨】人称的变化一般遵循“一同主，二随宾，三不变”这一原则，例如：
“I went to the Great Wall yesterday,” Li Hua said.
→Li Hua said that he had gone to the Great Wall the day before.
“I’ll come to help you whenever you need my help,” he answered her.
→He answered her that he would come to help her whenever she needed his help.
She said to me, “Your pronunciation is better than his.”
→She told me that my pronunciation was better than his.
三、.时态变化
主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化，总的原则是向过去推一个时态。
时态的变化 例 句
一般现在时→
一般过去时 She said, “I need a calculator.”
→She said that she needed a calculator.
现在进行时→
过去进行时 Jim said, “I’m expecting a long distance call.” →Jim said that he was expecting a long distance call.
一般将来时→
过去将来时 Nancy said, “I’ll call again later.”
→Nancy said that she would call again later.
一般过去时→
过去完成时 He said, “I took it home with me.”
→He said that he had taken it home with him.
现在完成时→
过去完成时 Paul said, “Our team has won the match.”
→Paul said that their team had won the match.
过去完成时→
过去完成时 He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.” →He said that he had finished his homework before supper.
四、 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化
变化形式 例句
指
示
代
词 this→
that She said, “She is coming this week.”
→She said that she was coming that week.
these→
those He said, “These books are mine.”
→He said those books were his.
时
间
状
语 now→
then He said, “It’s ten o’clock now.”
→He said that it was ten o’clock then.
today→
that day He said, “I haven’t seen her today.”
→He said that he hadn’t seen her that day.
tonight→
that night She said, “I’ll come again tonight.”
→She said that she would go again that night.
yesterday→
the day before He said, “This happened yesterday.”
→He said that had happened the day before.
时
间
状
语 now→
then He said, “It’s ten o’clock now.”
→He said that it was ten o’clock then.
today→
that day He said, “I haven’t seen her today.”
→He said that he hadn’t seen her that day.
tonight→
that night She said, “I’ll come again tonight.”
→She said that she would go again that night.
yesterday→
the day before He said, “This happened yesterday.”
→He said that had happened the day before.
three days ago→
three days before She said, “I arrived two days ago.”
→She said that she had arrived two days before.
tomorrow→
the next day
the following day She said, “He’ll be back tomorrow.”
→She said that he would be back the next day.
next week→
the next week She said, “I’ll do it next week.”
→She said that she would do it the next week.
地
点
状
语 here→
there She said, “He came here to see Tom.”
→She said that he had gone there to see Tom.
动
词 come/bring→
go/take He said, “I brought it home with me.”
→He said he had taken it home with him.
【拓展延伸】
直接引语变为间接引语时时态不作改变的情况
① 主句的谓语动词为现在或将来时态，从句的时态无需变化。例如：
He says, “I’m tired.”
→He says that he is tired.
He will say, “The boy was lazy.”
→He will tell you that the boy was lazy.
② 当直接引语是客观真理时，不受时间的限制，因此不需要变化时态。
Our geography teacher said to us, “The earth goes round the sun.”→Our geography teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun.
③ 直接引语是一般过去时，并且和具体的过去时间连用，时态不作改变。
She said, “I was born in 1995.”
→She said that she was born in 1995.
高考英语中这个知识点不会考的，只需让同学们了解一下就可以了，注意时间的变换和动词时态的后退一格的原则，以后的所学的宾语从句和虚拟语气会包括它们的。
其实很简单，大多数变化与汉语的相同。时间状语、地点状语、人称代词、指示代词、方向性动词等等都可以利用母语来进行思考。如：
小明说：“我明天来看你”。
小明说【他】【第二天】来看【我】。
Xiao Ming said, " I will come to see you tomorrow".
只要注意相应的时态变化就可以了，因为汉语的谓语动词是没有时态的变化的。
Xiao Ming said (that) [ he ]【 would come 】to see [ me ] [ the next day] .
绛旓細1 闄堣堪鍙 鐩存帴寮曡濡傛灉鏄檲杩板彞锛屽彉涓洪棿鎺ュ紩璇椂锛岀敤杩炶瘝that寮曞锛坱hat鍦ㄥ彛璇腑甯哥渷鐣ワ級锛屼粠鍙ヤ腑鐨勪汉绉般佹椂鎬併佹寚绀轰唬璇嶃佹椂闂寸姸璇佸湴鐐圭姸璇瓑瑕佷綔鐩稿簲鍙樺寲銆傚湪杩欎竴鏂归潰锛屾眽璇拰鑻辫鏈夎澶氱浉浼间箣澶勶紝鍥犳锛屽湪鍋氱洿鎺ュ紩璇拰闂存帴寮曡杞崲缁冧範鏃讹紝瑕佺壒鍒敞鎰忓彞瀛愮殑鎰忎箟銆1锛変汉绉扮殑鍙樺寲 a) He said, 鈥淚 ...
绛旓細鐩存帴寮曡鏀逛负闂存帴寮曡浜虹О瑕佺浉搴旂殑鍙樺寲,鎶婄洿鎺ュ紩璇腑鐨勭涓浜虹О***濡:I,me,my,mine,we,us,our,ours***鍙樹负涓庝富鍙ョ殑涓昏鐩镐竴鑷寸殑浜虹О銆傛妸鐩存帴寮曡涓殑绗簩浜虹О***you,your,yours***鍙樹负鍜屼富鍙ョ殑闂存帴瀹捐***鍗冲惉璇濅汉,濡傛棤鍚瘽浜,鍙牴鎹笂涓嬫枃鐨勪綋浼氫汉涓虹‘瀹氫竴涓汉绉***鐩镐竴鑷寸殑浜虹О銆傜洿鎺ュ紩璇腑鐨勭涓...
绛旓細1.鐩存帴寮曡 褰撴垜浠洿鎺ュ紩鐢ㄥ埆浜虹殑鍘熻瘽鏃讹紝鍙洿鎺ュ紩璇紝閫氬父鐢ㄥ弻寮曞彿“…”鎷捣鏉銆備緥濡傦細He said, “I like to speak French.”浠栬锛“鎴戝枩娆㈣娉曡銆”2.闂存帴寮曡 褰撴垜浠敤鑷繁鐨勫彛鍚诲拰瑙掑害杞堪浠栦汉鐨勮瘽鏃讹紝鍙棿鎺ュ紩璇侶e said that he liked to speak ...
绛旓細鐩存帴寮曡鍙橀棿鎺ュ紩璇:瀹氫箟锛氭垜浠浆杩板埆浜虹殑璇濇椂锛屽彲浠ュ紩鐢ㄥ埆浜虹殑鍘熻瘽锛岃寮曠敤鐨勯儴鍒嗙О涓虹洿鎺ュ紩璇紱鐢ㄨ嚜宸辩殑璇濊浆杩板埆浜虹殑璇濆彨闂存帴寮曡銆傝繖涓ょ寮曡閮芥槸瀹捐浠庡彞锛屼絾鏄洿鎺ュ紩璇斁鍦ㄥ紩鍙峰唴锛屼笉鐢ㄨ繛璇嶈仈鎺ワ紱闂存帴寮曡涓嶇敤寮曞彿锛岄氬父鐢ㄨ繛鎺ヨ瘝涓庝富鍙ヨ仈鎺ャ備竴銆佺洿鎺ュ紩璇彉闂存帴寮曡鏃跺彞寮忕殑鍙樺寲 1.闄堣堪鍙ュ彉涓轰互 that...
绛旓細1.鐩存帴寮曡涓哄瑙傜湡鐞嗘椂锛岄棿鎺ュ紩璇椂鎬佷笉鍙橈紝浠嶇敤涓鑸幇鍦ㄦ椂銆備緥濡傦細Teacher told us:" The moon moves round the earth6."Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth.2.鐩存帴寮曡涓轰竴鑸繃鍘绘椂骞朵笖涓庡叿浣撴椂闂寸姸璇繛鐢ㄦ椂锛岄棿鎺ュ紩璇粛鐢ㄤ竴鑸繃鍘绘椂銆備緥濡傦細She said:" I went to England in ...
绛旓細锛堥棿鎺ュ紩璇級1 闄堣堪鍙 鐩存帴寮曡濡傛灉鏄檲杩板彞锛屽彉涓洪棿鎺ュ紩璇椂锛岀敤杩炶瘝that寮曞锛坱hat鍦ㄥ彛璇腑甯哥渷鐣ワ級锛屼粠鍙ヤ腑鐨勪汉绉般佹椂鎬併佹寚绀轰唬璇嶃佹椂闂寸姸璇佸湴鐐圭姸璇瓑瑕佷綔鐩稿簲鍙樺寲銆傚湪杩欎竴鏂归潰锛屾眽璇拰鑻辫鏈夎澶氱浉浼间箣澶勶紝鍥犳锛屽湪鍋鐩存帴寮曡鍜闂存帴寮曡杞崲缁冧範鏃讹紝瑕佺壒鍒敞鎰忓彞瀛愮殑鎰忎箟銆1锛変汉绉扮殑鍙樺寲a) He ...
绛旓細a book.锛坢e闂存帴瀹捐锛宎 book鐩存帴瀹捐锛夌洿鎺ュ璇拰闂存帴瀹捐鐨勪綅缃皟鎹㈡椂瑕佸姞涓涓粙璇峵o鎴杅or锛氫富璇紜鍙婄墿鍔ㄨ瘝锛嬬洿鎺ュ璇紜浠嬭瘝锛嬮棿鎺ュ璇 Give me a book. = Give the book to me.Send him a letter. = Send a letter to him.Show him the new dress. = Show the new dress to him.
绛旓細鐩存帴寮曡涓闂存帴寮曡闈㈤潰瑙傦紙涓锛夊湪鑻辫璇█浜ら檯涓紝寮曡堪鍒汉鐨勮瘽鏈変袱绉嶆柟寮忥細鐩存帴寮曡鍜闂存帴寮曡銆傜洿鎺ュ紩璇槸鐩存帴寮曡堪鍒汉鐨勫師璇濓紝鍦ㄤ功闈㈣涓粡甯稿皢鍏舵斁鍦ㄥ紩鍙蜂腑銆傞棿鎺ュ紩璇槸鐢ㄨ嚜宸辩殑璇濊浆杩板埆浜虹殑璇濓紝鏃犻渶鍔犲紩鍙凤紝鍦ㄥ鏁版儏鍐典笅闂存帴寮曡鍙互鏋勬垚瀹捐浠庡彞銆傛帴涓嬫潵鎴戜滑璁よ瘑涓涓嬬洿鎺ュ紩璇笌闂存帴寮曡锛1. MrsSmith...
绛旓細瀛︿範鐩存帴寮曡鍜闂存帴寮曡 1.鐩存帴寮曡 鐩存帴寮曠敤鍒汉鐨勫師璇濆彨鍋氱洿鎺ュ紩璇紝鐩存帴寮曡閫氬父缃簬寮曞彿鍐咃紙鈥滃紩鐢ㄥ師璇濃濓級銆傗斺淲hat is it all about?鈥濃斺滅┒绔熸槸浠涔堜簨鍛紵鈥濃斺淣othing serious, just a storm in a teacup.鈥濃斺滄病鏈変粈涔堬紝澶ф儕灏忔屽凡銆傗2.闂存帴寮曡 鐢ㄨ嚜宸辩殑璇濊浆杩板埆浜虹殑鎰忔濓紝鎴栧紩鐢...
绛旓細鈥.涓鑸枒闂彞锛屸︹.锛岃鐢ㄨ繛璇峣f/whether(涓嶅彲浠ョ渷鐣) 鈥︹︹.鐗规畩鐤戦棶鍙ワ紝鈥︹.锛岃鐢ㄨ繛璇峸h-鍗崇壒娈婄枒闂瘝鏈韩锛堜笉鍙渷锛 2.鍙樺寲 锛1锛変富鍙ュ姩璇嶇殑鍙樺寲 涓鑸璇鏉ワ紝涓诲彞璋撹鍔ㄨ瘝甯镐负said鎴杝aidto锛屽彉涓洪棿鎺ュ紩璇椂锛屽綋鐩存帴寮曡鏄檲杩板彞鏃讹紝said涓嶅彉銆傚綋鐩存帴寮曡鏄竴鑸枒闂彞鍜岀壒娈婄枒闂彞鏃讹紝鍒...
