举例说明词义引申的结果有哪几种 词义引申中的隐喻和换喻有什么不同
\u8bcd\u4e49\u5f15\u7533\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u65b9\u6cd5\u5177\u4f53\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u6458\u8981\uff1a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5373\u8bd1\u610f\u3002\u8bcd\u4e49\u5f15\u7533\u662f\u8bd1\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u673a\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u662f\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u4e0e\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u4eba\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u9996\u5148\u5c31\u8981\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u8981\u53bb\u6389\u201c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8154\u201d\u5fc5\u987b\u501f\u52a9\u8fd9\u4e00\u6280\u5de7\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u62df\u5c31\u8bcd\u4e49\u53d8\u901a\u548cg1\u7533\u7684\u7406\u636e\u3001\u4f9d\u636e\u548c\u201c\u5408\u5ea6\u201d\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u756a\u63a2\u8ba8\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u4f8b\u53e5\u8bf4\u660e\u8bcd\u4e49\u5f15\u7533\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e2d\u5219\u521d\u6b65\u9884\u6d4b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u5de7\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u6307\u5bfc\u610f\u4e49\u3002
\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u82f1\u6c49\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3000\u8bcd\u4e49\u5f15\u7533\u3000\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6280\u5de7
\u6b63\u5982\u8bd1\u5b66\u6cf0\u6597\u5c24\u91d1\u00b7\u5948\u8fbe\u7b49\u5ba3\u79f0\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5373\u8bd1\u610f\uff08Translation is translating meaning\uff09\u3002\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8868\u8fbe\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5982\u672a\u80fd\u9996\u5148\u5b8c\u6210\u8bcd\u4e49\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8bcd\u4e49\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u548c\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u5f15\u7533\u548c\u53d8\u901a\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e5f\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u65e0\u6e90\u4e4b\u6c34\uff0c\u65e0\u672c\u4e4b\u6728\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5f62\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u5f97\u518d\u5de7\u5999\u4e5f\u65e0\u6d4e\u4e8e\u4e8b\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u74f6\u9888\u201d\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u4f9d\u636e\u8bed\u5883\u6b63\u786e\u5224\u65ad\u548c\u9009\u62e9\u8bcd\u4e49\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u518d\u5bf9\u8bcd\u4e49\u8fdb\u884c\u9002\u5ea6\u5f15\u7533\u548c\u53d8\u901a\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u50cf\u6837\u7684\u8bd1\u6587\u3002\u672c\u6587\u62df\u5c31\u8bcd\u4e49\u5f15\u7533\u548c\u53d8\u901a\u7684\u7406\u636e\u3001\u4f9d\u636e\u4e0e\u201c\u5408\u5ea6\u201d\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u756a\u63a2\u8ba8\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u4f8b\u53e5\u8bf4\u660e\u8bcd\u4e49\u5f15\u7533\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e2d\u5219\u521d\u6b65\u9884\u6d4b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u5de7\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u6307\u5bfc\u610f\u4e49\u3002
\u4e00\u3001\u8bcd\u4e49\u5f15\u7533\u7684\u7406\u636e
\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u4ece\u4e8b\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6d3b\u52a8\u7ecf\u5e38\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff1a\u62ff\u5230\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7a3f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u751f\u8bcd\u3001\u96be\u8bcd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u4ece\u5927\u8111\u73b0\u5b58\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u5e93\u91cc\u9762\u641c\u5bfb\u5404\u4e2a\u8bcd\u9879\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f9d\u636e\u8bed\u5883\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u9002\u5408\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8bd1\u539f\u6587\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8bcd\u9879\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u751f\u8bcd\u3001\u96be\u8bcd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5927\u591a\u8981\u67e5\u8bcd\u5178\uff0c\u4ece\u8bf8\u4e49\u9879\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u5de1\u67e5\u6478\u6392\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6709\u65f6\u662f\u8270\u96be\u7684\uff0c\u4e25\u590d\u5148\u751f\u66fe\u7528\u201c\u4e00\u540d\u4e4b\u7acb\uff0c\u53e5\u6708\u8e0c\u8e87\u201d\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ede\u5c3d\u8111\u6c41\uff0c\u5455\u5fc3\u6ca5\u8840\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6548\u679c\u5374\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u7406\u60f3\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c3d\u4e86\u6700\u5927\u52aa\u529b\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5fe0\u4e8e\u539f\u6587\u7684\u8bcd\u4e49\uff0c\u653e\u5728\u8bd1\u6587\u4e2d\u8bfb\u8d77\u6765\u5374\u602a\u8154\u602a\u8c03\uff0c\u62d7\u53e3\u53ef\u7b11\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6587\u7406\u4e0d\u901a\uff0c\u8bed\u7109\u4e0d\u8be6\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bd1\u6587\u201c\u5e38\u5e38\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u8bb8\u591a\u6d0b\u5316\u548c\u4e0d\u5408\u4e4e\u8bed\u8a00\u8868\u8fbe\u4e60\u60ef\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u662f\u7ffb\u8bd1\u72ec\u6709\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u75c5\uff0c\u4e0d\u59a8\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u75c7\u201d\uff08translation syndrome\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u75c5\u75c7\u7684\u75c7\u7ed3\u5728\u4e8e\u8bd1\u8005\u62b1\u7740\u5148\u5165\u4e4b\u89c1\uff0c\u610f\u6b32\u4ee5\u4e0d\u53d8\u5e94\u4e07\u53d8\u3002\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9047\u5230\u201c\u65e7\u8bcd\u201d\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u9009\u62e9\u5927\u8111\u8bcd\u6c47\u5e93\u91cc\u7684\u5df2\u6709\u4e49\u9879\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e49\u9879\u662f\u5b66\u4e60\u5916\u8bed\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u79ef\u6dc0\u5728\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\u7684\uff0c\u4e0e\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u6750\u6599\u548c\u4f53\u9a8c\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u6750\u6599\u548c\u4f53\u9a8c\u5c31\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u8bed\u5883\uff0c\u662f\u6309\u56fe\u7d22\u9aa5\uff0c\u4f9d\u6837\u753b\u74e2\uff0c\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u9009\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5df2\u6709\u4e49\u9879\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u9002\u5ea6\u8c03\u6574\u3001\u53d8\u901a\u5df2\u6709\u4e49\u9879\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u53ef\u4ee5\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bd1\u6587\u7684\u4f18\u52a3\u3002\u9047\u5230\u65b0\u8bcd\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u8981\u67e5\u8bcd\u5178\uff0c\u9009\u7528\u5176\u4e2d\u6240\u5217\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u8bcd\u5178\u6240\u5217\u7684\u5219\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u610f\u4e49\uff08primary meaning\uff09\u6216\u79f0\u6839\u4e49\uff08root meaning\uff09\uff0c\u89c4\u6a21\u5927\u4e9b\u7684\u8bcd\u5178\u53ef\u80fd\u52a0\u5217\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f15\u7533\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u4f8b\u53e5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u539f\u6587\u8bed\u5883\u4e0e\u8bcd\u5178\u7528\u4f8b\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u8bcd\u4e49\u7406\u89e3\u5c31\u5bb9\u6613\u4e86\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u8bd1\u6587\u4e5f\u53ef\u50cf\u8bcd\u5178\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u8bd1\u6587\u90a3\u6837\u5982\u6cd5\u70ae\u5236\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u662f\u5343\u53d8\u4e07\u5316\u3001\u7075\u6d3b\u591a\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u9700\u8981\u8bd1\u8005\u4ece\u6839\u610f\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u4f9d\u636e\u6e90\u8bed\u8bed\u5883\u548c\u8bd1\u8bed\u8868\u8fbe\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u53d8\u901a\u5f15\u7533\u51fa\u6700\u4f73\u8bcd\u4e49\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u201c\u8d34\u5207\u5177\u4f53\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7684\u8bcd\u4e49\u201d\u3002
\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8bcd\u4e49\u5f15\u7533\u53ea\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u539f\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u5373\u539f\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u6c47\u65f6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u8d4b\u503c\u7f16\u7801\uff08encoding\uff09\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u67d0\u4e9b\u8bcd\u6c47\u5177\u6709\u5f15\u7533\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5f15\u7533\u610f\u4e49\u9996\u5148\u662f\u88ab\u539f\u4f5c\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u8bd1\u8005\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4f20\u8fbe\u51fa\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f15\u7533\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u4eec\u65ad\u8a00\u8bcd\u4e49\u5f15\u7533\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u80fd\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u8bcd\u4e49\u5f15\u7533\u7684\u7406\u636e\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u627f\u8ba4\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5f00\u59cb\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u539f\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u8d4b\u503c\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u81f3\u5c11\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u6587\u672c\u8bed\u5883\uff0c\u4e3a\u8bd1\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8bcd\u4e49\u5224\u65ad\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u7136\u800c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u89e3\u7801\uff08deeoding\uff09\u548c\uff08\u7528\u8bd1\u6587\u8bed\u8a00\uff09\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ec5\u505c\u7559\u5728\u8bcd\u4e49\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u8fdb\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u52a0\u80fd\u52a8\u3001\u66f4\u80fd\u4f53\u73b0\u6e90\u8bed\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u5224\u65ad\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5bf9\u8bcd\u4e49\u505a\u9002\u5ea6\u5f15\u7533\u548c\u53d8\u901a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5c06\u6e90\u8bed\u4fe1\u606f\u8d4b\u503c\u4e8e\u8bd1\u8bed\u8bcd\u6c47\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u8bd1\u6587\u987a\u7545\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u6211\u56fd\u8bd1\u8bba\u5bb6\u5bf9\u8bcd\u4e49\u5f15\u7533\u7684\u7406\u636e\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u4f46\u6c49\u6e90\u5728\u4ed6\u7f16\u8457\u7684\u300a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u57fa\u7840\uff1a\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u8bcd\u8bed\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u8981\u53d7\u5177\u4f53\u8bed\u5883\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u5236\u7ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5177\u4f53\u8bed\u8a00\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a\u5176\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7ec6\u81f4\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u8bcd\u5178\u91cc\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u5f80\u5f80\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5e94\u6709\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6982\u62ec\u7684\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u201d\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u65ad\u8a00\uff0c\u201c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u65f6\u4e3a\u4e86\u7b26\u5408\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u548c\u60c5\u8282\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u8bcd\u5178\u91cc\u7684\u63aa\u8f9e\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u6539\u52a8\u6216\u5f15\u7533\uff0c\u5373\u4f9d\u987a\u8be5\u8bcd\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u7d27\u6263\u5177\u4f53\u8bed\u7bc7\u7684\u5b9e\u5728\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u8f83\u4e3a\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u8bcd\u8bed\u4e88\u4ee5\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u201d\u4e01\u6811\u5fb7\u4e5f\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u5f15\u7533\u7684\u7406\u636e\uff0c\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u7531\u4e8e\u8bcd\u6c47\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7740\u82f1\u6c49\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u98ce\u571f\u4eba\u60c5\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4f9d\u9760\u8bcd\u5178\u4e0a\u7684\u91ca\u4e49\u6765\u9009\u62e9\u8bcd\u4e49\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u91c7\u53d6\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u624b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ece\u67d0\u4e00\u8bcd\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bcd\u4e49\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\uff0c\u5f15\u7533\u8bcd\u4e49\uff0c\u628a\u8be5\u8bcd\u6240\u5173\u8054\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u610f\u4e49\u8868\u8ff0\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u201d\u8303\u4ef2\u82f1\u4ece\u8bca\u65ad\u201c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u75c7\u201d\u75c5\u56e0\u4eba\u624b\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u5e76\u975e\u7531\u4e8e\u8bd1\u8005\u6587\u5316\u6c34\u5e73\u4f4e\uff0c\u5199\u4f5c\u80fd\u529b\u5dee\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u7ffb\u8bd1\u65f6\u53d7\u539f\u8bed\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u675f\u7f1a\uff0c\u5b57\u659f\u53e5\u914c\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5bf9\u539f\u6587\u6263\u5f97\u592a\u6b7b\uff0c\u8bd1\u6587\u7684\u7528\u8bcd\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u6bd4\u55bb\u7b49\u91c7\u53d6\u5b57\u53e5\u5bf9\u7167\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u5c31\u5f7c\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u529b\u6c42\u4e0e\u539f\u6587\uff08\u5f62\u5f0f\uff09\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bd1\u6587\uff08\u5f80\u5f80\uff09\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u8bd1\u8bed\u8bed\u8a00\u4e60\u60ef\u548c\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u52bf\u5fc5\u51fa\u73b0\u7ffb\u8bd1\u75c7\u3002\u7ffb\u8bd1\u75c7\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5b58\u5728\u4e5f\u4e3a\u8bcd\u4e49\u53d8\u901a\u548c\u5f15\u7533\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5145\u8db3\u7684\u7406\u636e\u3002\u8fd0\u7528\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6280\u5de7\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u5c3d\u91cf\u675c\u7edd\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8154\uff1b\u90a3\u4e48\u5f15\u7533\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u53c8\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff0c\u5408\u5ea6\u5f15\u7533\u7684\u201c\u5ea6\u201d\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u5462?
\u4e8c\u3001\u8bcd\u4e49\u5f15\u7533\u7684\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u548c\u7a0b\u5ea6
\u8bb8\u591a\u8bd1\u8bba\u5bb6\u90fd\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u8bed\u5883\u5bf9\u8bcd\u4e49\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u5236\u7ea6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8bd1\u754c\u7684\u4e00\u53e5\u81f3\u7406\u540d\u8a00\u5373\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u8bed\u5883\uff0c\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u201d\uff08No context\uff0cno meaning\uff09\u4e5f\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u5ff5\u3002\u8bcd\u4e49\u5f15\u7533\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u5c31\u5728\u5176\u6240\u5904\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u4f46\u9664\u8bed\u5883\u4e4b\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u522b\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u5462?\u6839\u636e\u4e0a\u6587\u5f15\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u53d1\u73b0\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u8bd1\u6587\u8bed\u8a00\u8868\u8fbe\u4e60\u60ef\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5728\u300a\u5546\u52a1\u82f1\u8bed\u7ffb\u8bd1\u300b\u5bf9\u5f15\u7533\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u201c\u6839\u636e\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7684\u5185\u5728\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u53e5\u4e2d\u8bcd\u6216\u8bcd\u7ec4\u4e43\u81f3\u6574\u53e5\u7684\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u4e49\u7531\u8868\u53ca\u91cc\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b26\u5408\u6c49\u8bed\u4e60\u60ef\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c06\u539f\u6587\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u201d"\u2019\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d0\u53ca\u4e86\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7684\u5185\u5728\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u539f\u6587\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u8bcd\u4e49\u5224\u65ad\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u5f15\u7533\u7684\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u3002\u201c\u7531\u8868\u53ca\u91cc\u201d\u5219\u662f\u7531\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u4e49\u5411\u6df1\u5c42\u9690\u542b\u4e4b\u4e49\u53d1\u6398\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4fbf\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u7b26\u5408\u6c49\u8bed\u4e60\u60ef\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u6cd5\u201d\u5f15\u7533\u51fa\u9690\u542b\u4e4b\u4e49\u3002
\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u8bd1\u8005\u53ef\u4e0e\u539f\u6587\u4fdd\u6301\u4e92\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u6839\u672c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bf9\u539f\u6587\u65bd\u52a0\u4efb\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u3002\u539f\u6587\u8bed\u5883\u7684\u786e\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8bcd\u4e49\u5224\u65ad\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u5f15\u7533\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u4e3a\u8bd1\u8005\u51c6\u786e\u7406\u89e3\u539f\u6587\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u524d\u63d0\u548c\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4f46\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u6839\u672c\u4efb\u52a1\u5374\u662f\u5728\u8868\u8fbe\u4e2d\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u8981\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd9\u4e00\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u8bd1\u6587\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u4e60\u60ef\u4fbf\u6210\u4e3a\u8def\u6807\u548c\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u770b\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5948\u8fbe\u5bf9\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e3b\u5f20\u201c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u63a5\u53d7\u8005\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5728\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u98ce\u683c\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u590d\u5236\u4e0e\u6e90\u8bed\u4fe1\u606f\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u5bf9\u7b49\u8bed\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3b\u5f20\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\u88ab\u8bb8\u591a\u5b66\u8005\u89c6\u505a\u6240\u6709\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u6700\u5177\u79d1\u5b66\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u201c\u660e\u786e\u5730\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u8981\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u662f\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff08\u4fe1\u606f\uff0cmessage\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u7531\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u539f\u6587\u548c\u8bd1\u6587\u53ea\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u5bf9\u7b49\uff08closest\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4e86\u8bd1\u6587\u7684\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u6027\uff08natural\uff09\u3002\u201d\u4f9d\u636e\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3b\u5f20\u8868\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u547d\u9898\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5c31\u662f\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8bd1\u610f\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u8bd1\u6587\u8981\u4f53\u73b0\u539f\u6587\u7684\u98ce\u683c\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u8bd1\u6587\u8981\u7b26\u5408\u8bd1\u6587\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u4e60\u60ef\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e09\u70b9\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7b2c\u4e09\u70b9\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u4ea4\u9645\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u624d\u7b97\u53d1\u6325\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u7528\u67d0\u4e9b\u8bcd\u8bed\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u67d0\u79cd\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5373\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u7b26\u5408\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u6240\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u201d\u4e25\u590d\u4e5f\u65ad\u8a00\uff0c\u201c\u987e\u4fe1\u77e3\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fbe\uff0c\u867d\u8bd1\u72b9\u4e0d\u8bd1\u4e5f\uff0c\u5219\u8fbe\u5c1a\u7109\u3002\u201d\u4ee5\u6b64\u5f3a\u8c03\u8bd1\u6587\u81ea\u7136\u987a\u8fbe\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8bb8\u591a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8bba\u5bb6\u5728\u201c\u5f15\u7533\u201d\u524d\u51a0\u4ee5\u201c\u5408\u5ea6\u201d\u4e8c\u5b57\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u8868\u8fbe\u64cd\u4f5c\u6709\u5ea6\u4e4b\u610f\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u201c\u5ea6\u201d\u53c8\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u5462?\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u4e60\u60ef\u548c\u8bed\u4e49\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u4e24\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u610f\u4e49\u76f8\u540c\u800c\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f8\u540c\u800c\u610f\u4e49\u53c8\u4e0d\u540c\u662f\u5f88\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u64cd\u672c\u65cf\u8bed\u8005\u76f8\u4e92\u4ea4\u6d41\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u8bed\u8a00\uff0e\u53ea\u8981\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d7\u8fc7\u4e00\u5b9a\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4e00\u65b9\u6216\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u65b9\u8a00\u571f\u8bed\u6216\u8005\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fbe\u5230\u67d0\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u4ea4\u9645\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6545\u610f\u80e1\u8a00\u4e71\u8bed\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bf4\u51fa\u6216\u5199\u51fa\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u672c\u65cf\u8bed\u8868\u8fbe\u4e60\u60ef\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u62e5\u6709\u5171\u901a\u7684\u7ea6\u5b9a\u4fd7\u6210\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u800c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u662f\u8de8\u8bed\u8a00\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u7684\u8a00\u8bed\u4ea4\u6d41\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u6216\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u53c2\u4e0e\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u539f\u8bed\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f80\u5f80\u56e0\u8bd1\u8bed\u8868\u8fbe\u4e60\u60ef\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u8bcd\u4e49\u8fdb\u884c\u5f15\u7533\u3002\u5982A new report came in just amoment ago\uff0e\u53ef\u5bf9\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u4e00\u4efd\u65b0\u62a5\u544a\u521a\u9001\u6765\u3002\u201d\u4f46\u4e3b\u8bed\u6784\u6210\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684The new father wore a proud smile\uff0e\u5374\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bd1\u6210\u201c\u90a3\u4f4d\u65b0\u7238\u7238\u9a84\u50b2\u5730\u5fae\u7b11\u7740\u3002\u201d\u56e0\u4e3a\u6c49\u8bed\u4e0d\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bf4\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5931\u8bef\u5728\u521d\u5b66\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u4eba\u5f53\u4e2d\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c11\u89c1\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7247\u9762\u8ffd\u6c42\uff08\u5b57\u9762\uff09\u5fe0\u5b9e\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u751f\u9020\u51fa\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u8bd1\u6587\u8bfb\u8005\u6240\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u65ad\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u8bd1\u6587\u8bfb\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u5730\u9053\u6027\u5c31\u662f\u8bcd\u4e49\u5f15\u7533\u7684\u201c\u5ea6\u201d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bfb\u6765\u4e0d\u987a\uff0c\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u4ed6\u4eec\u5185\u5728\u7684\u6bcd\u8bed\u8bed\u611f\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u8bed\u6cd5\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u659f\u914c\u91cd\u8bd1\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u201c\u4e00\u822c\u8bfb\u8005\u201d\u548c\u201c\u80fd\u591f\u63a5\u53d7\u201d\u90fd\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5bbd\u6cdb\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u4e00\u822c\u8bfb\u8005\u201d\u5728\u4f17\u591a\u201c\u7279\u6b8a\u201d\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e3a\u51ed\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u5927\u6982\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u8bd1\u8bba\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u8bfb\u8005\u53cd\u5e94\u8bba\u4ee5\u53ca\u63a5\u53d7\u7f8e\u5b66\u5c61\u906d\u653b\u8ba6\u7684\u7f18\u7531\u5427\u3002\u4e0a\u7b56\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u5177\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\u5177\u4f53\u5206\u6790\u3002
\u4e09\u3001\u8bcd\u4e49\u5f15\u7533\u4e09\u6cd5
\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6559\u7a0b\u4e3b\u8981\u8bb2\u89e3\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u8bcd\u4e49\u5f15\u7533\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\u5f15\u7533\uff08generalization\uff09\u548c\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u5f15\u7533\uff08specialization\uff09\u3002\u300a\u82f1\u6c49\u5546\u52a1\u7ffb\u8bd1\u300b\u79f0\u201c\u8bcd\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u8303\u56f4\u5e38\u5e38\u5e94\u5728\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\u52a0\u4ee5\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u6216\u6269\u5927\u5916\u5ef6\u800c\u7f29\u5c0f\u5185\u6db5\uff0c\u6216\u7f29\u5c0f\u5916\u5ef6\u800c\u4e30\u5bcc\u5185\u6db5\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u662f\u76f8\u5411\u800c\u52a8\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u624b\u6cd5\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u5f15\u7533\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u4f46\u7b14\u8005\u628a\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\u5f15\u7533\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u4e00\u7c7b\u5206\u79bb\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4e13\u4e8b\u7814\u8ba8\uff0c\u4f9d\u636e\u5176\u8868\u610f\u65b9\u5f0f\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\uff08\u4e13\u6709\u540d\u8bcd\uff09\u666e\u901a\u5316\u5f15\u7533\u201d\uff08commonization\uff09\u3002\u73b0\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6f14\u793a\u4e09\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\u5f15\u7533
\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\u5177\u4f53\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8bcd\u5f80\u5f80\u53ef\u7528\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5c5e\u6027\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8bd1\u65f6\u53ef\u5c06\u5177\u4f53\u610f\u4e49\u5f15\u7533\u4e3a\u67d0\u79cd\u5c5e\u6027\u6216\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c
\u4f8b1\uff0eHe managed to make a living with his pen\uff0e
\u4ed6\u9760\u5199\u4f5c\u52c9\u5f3a\u4e3a\u751f\u3002
\u4f8b2\uff0eThe penis mightier than the sword\uff0e
\u667a\u6167\u80dc\u8fc7\u6b66\u529b\u3002
\u4f8b3\uff0eHis pen would prove mightier than his pickax\uff0e
\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\u4ed6\uff08\u9a6c\u514b\u00b7\u5410\u6e29\uff09\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u80fd\u529b\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u4ed6\u63a2\u77ff\u6dd8\u91d1\u7684\u672c\u9886\u3002
\u4f8b1\uff0d3\u4e09\u4e2a\u539f\u53e5\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709pen\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u8bf4\u8fd9\u662f\u6240\u6709\u63a5\u89e6\u8fc7\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\uff0c\u8bcd\u5178\u4e0a\u6240\u5217\u4e49\u9879\u7b80\u5355\u660e\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u5b57\u53e5\u5bf9\u7167\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u5c31\u5f7c\u5730\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u8bd1\u6587\u867d\u5219\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u539f\u53e5\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u8bed\u4e49\u5374\u5931\u4e4b\u6a21\u7cca\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8868\u8fbe\u4e60\u60ef\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u8bd1\u6587\u8bfb\u8005\u7406\u89e3\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u6050\u6015\u8bd1\u8005\u8fd8\u9700\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684pen\u55bb\u6307\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u4e09\u53e5\u539f\u6587\u4e2dpen\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u5177\u4f53\u751f\u52a8\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6362\u55bb\uff08metony\uff0dmy\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f9e\u683c\u4f7f\u7528\u5177\u4f53\u53ef\u611f\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u4e8b\u7269\u540d\u79f0\u6765\u6307\u4ee3\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u6216\u7a81\u51fa\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u800c\u8054\u60f3\u548c\u5f15\u7533\u5c31\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u610f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u673a\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u5177\u4f53\u5230\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u7531\u4e2a\u4f53\u6307\u79f0\u5230\u672c\u8d28\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u6982\u7565\u5316\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u662f\u5347\u534e\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u8bd1\u6587\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u548c\u5730\u9053\u6027\u3002\u867d\u7136\u56e0\u8054\u60f3\u548c\u5f15\u7533\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f00\u653e\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4f9d\u636e\u6e90\u8bed\u8bed\u5883\u548c\u8bd1\u8bed\u8868\u8fbe\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7ffb\u8bd1\u662f\u5408\u5ea6\u7684\u3002
\u4f8b4\uff0eInstead\uff0can assassin\u2019s bullet erased in the minds ofAmericans any faults he had\uff0e
\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6b63\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u523a\u5ba2\u7684\u6697\u6740\u884c\u5f84\u53cd\u800c\u4f7f\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5fd8\u5374\u4e86\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6bdb\u75c5\u3002
\u4f8b5\uff0eThe engine has given a constantly good performance\uff0e
\u8fd9\u53f0\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u6027\u80fd\u4e00\u76f4\u826f\u597d\u3002
\u4f8b6\uff0eThat\u2019s a long story\uff0eYou are getting into deep water\uff0ePhil\uff0e
\u8bf4\u6765\u8bdd\u957f\u554a\uff0c\u4f60\u95ee\u5230\u6211\u96be\u4ee5\u542f\u9f7f\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\u4e86\uff0c\u83f2\u513f\u3002
\u4f8b7\uff0eArabs rub shoulders with the Jews and have been do\uff0ding so since the earliest settlement of this territory\uff0e
\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u4e0e\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u6bd4\u90bb\u800c\u5c45\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u6b64\u5730\u5b9a\u5c45\u4ee5\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u5982\u6b64\u3002
\u4f8b8\uff0eAs far as the head goes\uff0cat least he has done credit tothe on\uff0dgoing educational system\uff0e\u5c31\u667a\u529b\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4ed6\u8d77\u7801\u4e3a\u73b0\u884c\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5236\u5ea6\u589e\u4e86\u5149\u3002
\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e94\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b4\u7684bullet\u7531\u201c\u5b50\u5f39\u201d\u7684\u672c\u610f\u5f15\u7533\u4e3a\u201c\u6697\u6740\u884c\u5f84\u201d\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u8003\u8651\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff08\u5373\u7f8e\u56fd\u6797\u80af\u603b\u7edf\u9047\u523a\u8eab\u4ea1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u539f\u6587\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\uff09\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u8bd1\u6587\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u8868\u8fbe\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8bf4\u201c\u2026\u2026\u5b50\u5f39\u4f7f\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5fd8\u5374\u4e86\u4ed6\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6bdb\u75c5\u201d\uff1b\u4f8b5\u4e2d\u7684performance\u672c\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u8868\u6f14\u201d\uff0c\u6c49\u8bed\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u53e5\u539f\u6587\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u201c\u62df\u4eba\u683c\u201d\uff08personification\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u7b14\u8005\u89c9\u5f97\u8bf4\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u8868\u73b0\u201c\u826f\u597d\u201d\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u672a\u514d\u522b\u626d\uff0c\u8bd1\u5473\u592a\u6d53\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u8bd1\u6210\u201c\u8fd0\u8f6c\u826f\u597d\u201d\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0d\u9519\u3002\u4f8b6\u3001\u4f8b7\u4e2d\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u7740\u9690\u55bb\uff08metaphor\uff09\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u4e24\u7c7b\u4e0d\u540c\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff08\u6216\u884c\u4e3a\uff09\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u548c\u7a81\u51fa\u67d0\u79cd\u6982\u5ff5\u6216\u72b6\u51b5\u3002\u82f1\u8bed\u91ccget into deep water\u672c\u610f\u4e3a\u6e38\u5230\u6df1\u6c34\u533a\uff0c\u55bb\u6307\u9677\u5165\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u5728\u8bd1\u6587\u4e2d\u5f15\u7533\u4e3a\u201c\u95ee\u5230\u96be\u4ee5\u56de\u7b54\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u51f8\u73b0\u5176\u751f\u52a8\u5f62\u8c61\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u7ed9\u4f8b7rub shoulders\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5047\u670b\u53cb\u201c\u6469\u80a9\u63a5\u8e35\u201d\uff0c\u53ea\u53ef\u60dc\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u8c8c\u5408\u795e\u79bb\uff0c\u5b57\u9762\u76f8\u5dee\u65e0\u51e0\uff0c\u55bb\u610f\u76f8\u53bb\u751a\u8fdc\u3002\u4f8b8\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6362\u55bb\uff0c\u8ddfpen\u5728\u4e0a\u6587\u4e09\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u601d\u8def\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002
\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u5f15\u7533
\u5c06\u539f\u6587\u4e2d\u8bcd\u4e49\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bbd\u6cdb\u3001\u7b3c\u7edf\u7684\u8868\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u6216\u4e00\u822c\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8bcd\u5f15\u7533\u4e3a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u6216\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002\u603b\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u662f\u7f29\u5c0f\u5916\u5ef6\u800c\u4e30\u5bcc\u5185\u6db5\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u7167\u5b57\u9762\u8ffb\u8bd1\u9020\u6210\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\u548c\u8f9e\u4e0d\u8fbe\u610f\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u8bd1\u6587\u51c6\u786e\u5230\u4f4d\uff0c\u7b26\u5408\u8bd1\u8bed\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u8868\u8fbe\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
\u4f8b9\uff0eDobbin had been in the coffee\uff0droom for an hour or more He had tried all the papers but could not read them\uff0e
\u675c\u5bbe\u5728\u5496\u5561\u5ba4\u5c11\u8bf4\u4e5f\u5f85\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u949f\u5934\u3002\u4ed6\u7ffb\u904d\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7684\u62a5\u7eb8\uff0c\u53ef\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e5f\u6ca1\u770b\u8fdb\u53bb\u3002
\u4f8b9\u5f15\u81ea\u8428\u514b\u96f7\u7684\u300a\u540d\u5229\u573a\u300b\uff08Vanity Fair\uff09\uff0c\u53d9\u5199\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u53ebDobbin\u7684\u7ec5\u58eb\u5411\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u9057\u5b40\u6c42\u5a5a\u524d\u7684\u5fd0\u5fd1\u4e0d\u5b89\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u751f\u52a8\u3002Tried\u662f\u5e38\u7528\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u518d\u719f\u6089\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e86\u3002\u5168\u53e5\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f46\u7b2c\u4e8c\u53e5\u7740\u5b9e\u8ba9\u4eba\u4e3a\u96be\u3002\u4fdd\u7559\u201c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7740\u505a\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u672c\u610f\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u8bd1\u90fd\u4e0d\u987a\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5206\u53e5\u6240\u8868\u8ff0\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0d\u5408\u3002\u5fc5\u987b\u7531\u8be5\u8bcd\u7684\u672c\u610f\u51fa\u53d1\u5ea6\u53d8\u901a\u6216\u505a\u660e\u6670\u5316\u5f15\u7533\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u786e\u4fdd\u52a8\u4f5c\u542b\u4e49\u660e\u6670\uff0c\u6240\u8bf4\u4e8b\u5b9e\u51c6\u786e\u3002 \u4f8b10\uff0eThe local press challenaed the license of the TV station\uff0e \u5f53\u5730\u7684\u5a92\u4f53\u8981\u6c42\u540a\u9500\u90a3\u5bb6\u7535\u89c6\u53f0\u7684\u8425\u4e1a\u6267\u7167\u3002 \u5173\u4e8echullenge\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e49\u9879\u662f\u201c\u6311\u6218\u3001\u8d28\u8be2\u3001\u8003\u9a8c\uff08\u67d0\u4eba\u80fd\u529b\uff09\u201d\u7b49\uff0c\u4f46\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e49\u9879\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bd1\u51fa\u539f\u610f\u3002\u6839\u636e\u300a\u6717\u6587\u73b0\u4ee3\u82f1\u6c49\u53cc\u89e3\u8bcd\u5178\u300b\u4e0a\u7684\u91ca\u4e493\uff1ato question the lawfulness or rightness of\uff08someone or something\uff09[\u8d28\u7591\uff08\u67d0\u4eba\u6216\u7269\uff09\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027]\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4f9d\u636e\u6c49\u8bed\u8868\u8fbe\u4e60\u60ef\u4f5c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f15\u7533\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u7ec8\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u201c\u8981\u6c42\u540a\u9500\u201d\u3002
\u4f8b11\uff0eThe first step might be to bring about an efficacious UN presence in the area\uff0e
\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u8bbe\u7acb\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6709\u6548\u7684\u529e\u4e8b\u673a\u6784\u3002
\u4f8b12\uff0eIn my childhood memory\uff0cshe was always a vaguely embarrassing presence\uff0e
\u6211\u8bb0\u5f97\u5c0f\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5979\u4e00\u5230\u6211\u8eab\u8fb9\u6211\u5c31\u4e0d\u81ea\u5728\u3002
\u4f8b11\u300112\u8fd9\u4e24\u53e5\u4e2dpresence\u7684\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5f15\u7533\uff0c\u786c\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u5728\u573a\u3001\u51fa\u73b0\u3001\u51fa\u5e2d\u201d\uff0c\u6574\u53e5\u8bfb\u8d77\u6765\u602a\u602a\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u542c\u5c31\u662f\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8154\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd8\u5f97\u501f\u52a9\u5f15\u7533\u548c\u53d8\u901a\u7684\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u4f7f\u8bd1\u6587\u987a\u7545\u81ea\u7136\u3002
\u4f8b13\uff0eEven when we reduce salt to a fine powder\uff0cit stilltastes salty\uff0e
\u76d0\u6363\u6210\u7c89\u672b\u4ecd\u662f\u6210\u7684\u3002
Reduce\u6839\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u53e5\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u7531\u6b64\u4e49\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\u6c49\u8bed\u65e5\u5e38\u8868\u8fbe\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u5f15\u7533\u51fa\u201c\u6363\u3001\u78be\u3001\u78e8\u201d\u7b49\u5177\u4f53\u660e\u6670\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u542b\u4e49\u3002
\u4f8b14\uff0eAt 22\uff0che had first learned what it si to a Negro\uff0e
22\u5c81\u90a3\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5c1d\u5230\u4e86\u505a\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u6ecb\u5473\u3002\uff08\u6216\u201c\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u9ed1\u4eba\u7684\u5883\u9047\u201d\uff09
\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5bf9\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u672c\u53e5\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u8bcd\uff0c\u8868\u610f\u7b80\u6d01\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u6ca1\u60f3\u5230\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u5361\u58f3\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\u539f\u6587whatit is\u8868\u610f\u592a\u7b3c\u7edf\u3001\u592a\u5bbd\u6cdb\uff0c\u7b80\u76f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u5b9a\u5177\u4f53\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u505a\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u878d\u4f1a\u539f\u6587\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\uff0c\u518d\u5229\u7528\u6bcd\u8bed\u7684\u8bed\u611f\u4f5c\u6807\u5c3a\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u8fd9\u7edd\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u8e74\u800c\u5c31\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u65f6\u5019\u9700\u8981\u53cd\u590d\u7422\u78e8\u548c\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u8fd8\u9700\u8fd0\u7528\u201c\u53cd\u63a8\u6cd5\u201d\u5373\u4ece\u8bd1\u8bed\u4e2d\u5177\u4f53\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u63a8\u6d4b\u81ea\u5df1\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u548c\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u5730\u9053\u6027\u3002
\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u4e13\u6709\u540d\u8bcd\u666e\u901a\u5316\u5f15\u7533
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\u4f8b15\uff0eI want to be TV\u2019s Czar of script and grammar\uff0e
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Czar\u672c\u6307\u4fc4\u56fd\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u524d\u7684\u6c99\u7687\uff0c\u6e90\u4e8e\u53e4\u7f57\u9a6c\u7687\u5e1dJul\uff0dius Caesar\u4e4b\u540d\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u65f6\u5c06\u4e2a\u4f53\u540d\u79f0\u6cdb\u5316\u4e3a\u666e\u901a\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u7531\u51ef\u6492\u5230\u6c99\u7687\u518d\u5230\u9738\u4e3b\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u7533\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8868\u610f\u66f4\u660e\u786e\u3002
\u4f8b16\uff0eChurchill\uff0ca bent Pickwick in blue uniform\uff0clooked up at him with majestie good humor\u2026
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Pickwick\u539f\u672c\u65f6\u82f1\u56fd\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bb6\u72c4\u66f4\u65af\uff08Charles Dickens\uff09\u7b14\u4e0b\u7684\u8001\u7ec5\u58eb\uff0c\u5728\u8d6b\u5c14\u66fc\u00b7\u6c83\u514b\uff08Herman Wouk\uff09\u7684\u300a\u6218\u4e89\u98ce\u4e91\u300b\u8fd9\u90e8\u5c0f\u8bf4\u91cc\u6307\u90b1\u5409\u5c14\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u719f\u6089\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u5b66\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u8bd1\u6587\u8bfb\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u8981\u6bd4\u820d\u5f03\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u4e4b\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u820d\u5f03\u6216\u52a0\u6ce8\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u820d\u5f03\u539f\u6587\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e4b\u505a\u666e\u901a\u5316\u5f15\u7533\uff0c\u8bd1\u6210\u201c\u597d\u8001\u5934\u201d\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u66f4\u7b80\u6d01\u660e\u5feb\u4e9b\u3002 \u4f8b17\uff0eIt is with procrustean thoroughness that the Soviet government squelches all dissent\uff0e
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\u4f8b18\uff0eThis summer vacation\uff0cI had a quixotic adventure onthe railroad trip\uff0e
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\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u539f\u662f\u4fee\u8f9e\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u540e\u88ab\u96c5\u514b\u5e03\u68ee\u7528\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6307\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u805a\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\u3002
\u6362\u55bb\u6307\u7ed3\u6784\u6210\u5206\u7531\u4e8e\u7a7a\u95f4\u90bb\u63a5\u6027\u6240\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\u5173\u7cfb\u3002
\u9690\u55bb\u6307\u7ed3\u6784\u6210\u5206\u4e4b\u95f4\u7531\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6027\u800c\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\u5173\u7cfb\u3002
\u9690\u55bb\u548c\u6362\u55bb\u5206\u522b\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u805a\u5408\u4f53\u548c\u7ec4\u5408\u6bb5\u6982\u5ff5\u3002[
答：从词的引申义与本义的关系看，词义引申的类型可以分为两类，一类叫直接引申，一类叫间接引申。
直接引申是指从本义直接派生出来的意义。例如：“城”的本义是“墙”，“都城过百雉，国之害也”，“都城”是指都的城墙，这是“城”的本义，后来由“城墙”直接引申为城市的意思。
间接引申是指由直接引申而再引申，在许多情况下，本义和引申义不是直接关系，而是间接关系。例如，“朝”的本义是早晨，引申为“朝见”的“朝”，由朝见再引申为朝廷，由朝廷再引申为朝代。
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