洋葱是中学生物学实验常用材料之一，如图为用洋葱进行实验的部分步骤及某同学在实验中绘制的有丝分裂各时 2012年山东专升本生物真题
\u5236\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee51\u3001\u6750\u6599\uff1a\u6d0b\u8471\u6839\u5c16(\u8471\uff0c\u849c)
2\u3001\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a
(\u4e00)\u6d0b\u8471\u6839\u5c16\u7684\u57f9\u517b
(\u4e8c)\u88c5\u7247\u7684\u5236\u4f5c
\u5236\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\uff1a\u89e3\u79bb\u2192\u6f02\u6d17\u2192\u67d3\u8272\u2192\u5236\u7247
1. \u89e3\u79bb: \u836f\u6db2: \u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6570\u4e3a15%\u7684\u76d0\u9178,\u4f53\u79ef\u5206\u6570\u4e3a95%\u7684\u9152\u7cbe(1 : 1\u6df7\u5408\u6db2).
\u65f6\u95f4: 3~5min .\u76ee\u7684: \u4f7f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u76f8\u4e92\u5206\u79bb\u5f00\u6765.
2. \u6f02\u6d17: \u7528\u6e05\u6c34\u6f02\u6d17\u7ea63min. \u76ee\u7684: \u6d17\u53bb\u836f\u6db2,\u9632\u6b62\u89e3\u79bb\u8fc7\u5ea6,\u5e76\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u67d3\u8272.
3. \u67d3\u8272: \u7528\u8d28\u91cf\u6d53\u5ea6\u4e3a0.01g / mL\u62160.02g / mL\u7684\u9f99\u80c6\u7d2b\u6eb6\u6db2(\u6216\u918b\u9178\u6d0b\u7ea2\u6db2)\u67d3\u82723~ 5min
\u76ee\u7684: \u4f7f\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u7740\u8272,\u5229\u4e8e\u89c2\u5bdf.
4. \u5236\u7247: \u5c06\u6839\u5c16\u653e\u5728\u8f7d\u73bb\u7247\u4e0a,\u52a0\u4e00\u6ef4\u6e05\u6c34,\u5e76\u7528\u954a\u5b50\u628a\u6839\u5c16\u5f04\u788e,\u76d6\u4e0a\u76d6\u73bb\u7247,\u5728\u76d6\u73bb\u7247\u4e0a\u518d\u52a0\u4e00\u7247\u8f7d\u73bb\u7247. \u7136\u540e\u7528\u62c7\u6307\u8f7b\u8f7b\u5730\u6309\u538b\u8f7d\u73bb\u7247.
\u76ee\u7684: \u4f7f\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u6563\u5f00\u6765,\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u89c2\u5bdf.
(\u4e09)\u89c2\u5bdf
1\u3001\u5148\u5728\u4f4e\u500d\u955c\u4e0b\u627e\u5230\u6839\u5c16\u5206\u751f\u533a\u7ec6\u80de\uff1a\u7ec6\u80de\u5448\u6b63\u65b9\u5f62\uff0c\u6392\u5217\u7d27\u5bc6,\u6709\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u6b63\u5728\u5206\u88c2\u3002
2\u3001\u6362\u9ad8\u500d\u955c\u4e0b\u89c2\u5bdf\uff1a\u5206\u88c2\u4e2d\u671f\u2192\u5206\u88c2\u524d\u3001\u540e\u3001\u672b\u671f\u2192\u5206\u88c2\u95f4\u671f\u3002(\u6ce8\u610f\u5404\u65f6\u671f\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u5f62\u6001\u548c\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u7279\u70b9)\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u5904\u4e8e\u5206\u88c2\u95f4\u671f\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u6570\u76ee\u6700\u591a\u3002
\u3000\u30002012\u5e74\u751f\u7269\u8bd5\u9898\u5171\u6709 6\u9053\u5355\u9879\u9009\u62e9\u9898\uff0c4\u9053\u5fc5\u505a\u975e\u9009\u62e9\u9898\uff0c2\u9053\u9009\u505a\u975e\u9009\u62e9\u9898\uff0c\u517112\u9053\u9898\u76ee\u3002\u8bd5\u9898\u5168\u9762\u8986\u76d6\u4e86\u8003\u8bd5\u8bf4\u660e\u8981\u6c42\u4e2d\u5fc5\u8003\u5185\u5bb9\u768417\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u8003\u67e5\u5230\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u5fc5\u4fee\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u768433\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\uff0c\u8986\u76d6\u4e86\u9009\u8003-1 \u5185\u5bb9\u76842\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u9009\u8003-3\u5185\u5bb9\u76843\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\u8bd5\u9898\u7a81\u51fa\u5bf9\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e3b\u5e72\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u8003\u67e5\uff0c\u6ce8\u91cd\u8003\u67e5\u8003\u8bd5\u8bf4\u660e\u4e2d\u2161\u7c7b\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u9009\u62e9\u98981\uff5e6\u9898\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u6613\u3001\u4e2d\u3001\u96be\u7684\u68af\u5ea6\u6392\u5e8f\u5448\u73b0\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u8003\u67e5\u4e86\u690d\u7269\u6fc0\u7d20\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u73af\u5883\u56e0\u7d20\u5bf9\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u53ca\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0e\u7ec6\u80de\u547c\u5438\u7684\u7efc\u5408\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u8870\u8001\u548c\u51cb\u4ea1\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u690d\u7269\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u6709\u4e1d\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u566c\u83cc\u4f53\u4fb5\u67d3\u7ec6\u83cc\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3001DNA\u5206\u5b50\u590d\u5236\u53ca\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u7ec4\u5408\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u300224\u9898\u4ee5\u809d\u7ec6\u80de\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7ebf\u8003\u67e5\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u6709\u6c27\u547c\u5438\uff0c\u7cd6\u7c7b\u548c\u8102\u8d28\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\u548c\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8840\u7cd6\u8c03\u8282\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u819c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5206\u6ccc\u86cb\u767d\u7684\u5408\u6210\u3001\u52a0\u5de5\u548c\u5206\u6ccc\u7b49\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u300225\u9898\u4ee5\u751f\u6d3b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e3a\u60c5\u666f\u8003\u67e5\u53cd\u5c04\u5f27\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5174\u594b\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u7ea4\u7ef4\u4e0a\u7684\u4f20\u5bfc\u548c\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u95f4\u7684\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u5185\u73af\u5883\u7ec4\u6210\u53ca\u7a33\u6001\uff0c\u975e\u7279\u5f02\u6027\u514d\u75ab\u7b49\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u300226\u9898\u4ee5\u91ce\u751f\u751f\u7269\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3a\u60c5\u666f\u8003\u67e5\u79cd\u7fa4\u6570\u91cf\u53d8\u5316\u7684J\u578b\u66f2\u7ebf\u548cS\u578b\u66f2\u7ebf\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u79cd\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u52a8\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u7b49\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u300227\u9898\u5728\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u5b9a\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u679c\u8747\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e3a\u60c5\u666f\u8003\u67e5\u51cf\u6570\u5206\u88c2\u3001\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u5b9a\u5f8b\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u7ec4\u5408\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3001\u4f34\u6027\u9057\u4f20\u3001\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u6570\u76ee\u53d8\u5f02\u3001\u57fa\u56e0\u7a81\u53d8\u548c\u57fa\u56e0\u4e0e\u6027\u72b6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7b49\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u300234\u9898\u4ee5\u8fa3\u6912\u7d20\u7684\u83b7\u5f97\u9014\u5f84\u4e3a\u60c5\u666f\u8003\u67e5\u690d\u7269\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u57f9\u517b\u3001\u4ece\u751f\u7269\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u6210\u5206 \u3001\u9176\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u300235\u9898\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u8f6cKIF II\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u9ad8\u7ed2\u8d28\u7ed2\u5c71\u7f8a\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e3a\u60c5\u666f\u8003\u67e5\u57fa\u56e0\u5de5\u7a0b\u3001\u52a8\u7269\u4f53\u7ec6\u80de\u514b\u9686\u548c\u80da\u80ce\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\uff0e \u80fd\u529b\u8003\u67e5\u5168\u9762\u5230\u4f4d\uff0c\u7acb\u610f\u65b0
\u3000\u3000\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u79d1\u8003\u8bd5\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8981\u6c42\u5305\u62ec\u7406\u89e3\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e0e\u63a2\u7a76\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u83b7\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u7efc\u5408\u8fd0\u7528\u80fd\u529b\u56db\u4e2a\u5927\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7406\u89e3\u80fd\u529b\u5305\u62ec3\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e0e\u63a2\u7a76\u80fd\u529b\u5305\u62ec4\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u5305\u62ec2\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u51714\u4e2a\u5927\u65b9\u9762\u548c10\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u76ee\u6807\u30022012\u5e74\u9ad8\u8003\u7406\u79d1\u7efc\u5408\uff08\u5c71\u4e1c\u5377\uff09\u751f\u7269\u8bd5\u9898\u4ee5\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e3a\u8f7d\u4f53\uff0c\u8003\u67e5\u5230\u4e864\u4e2a\u5927\u65b9\u9762\uff0c9\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002
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（2）观察洋葱根尖细胞有丝分裂时装片制作步骤是解离→漂洗→染色→制片．物像移动的方向与实际相反，要清晰观察到染色体形态和数目需观察中期的细胞，此细胞位于视野的右上方，将装片向右上方向移动，使符合要求的细胞位于视野中央．中期细胞每条染色体含有两条染色单体，此时细胞内染色体、DNA、染色单体数目比为 1：2：2．
（3）在探究“植物细胞的吸水和失水”实验中，用0.3g/mL蔗糖溶液（加一些红墨水）处理洋葱鳞片叶内表皮一段时间后，细胞液浓度小于蔗糖溶液浓度，细胞失水，使细胞的原生质层与细胞壁发生分离，由于细胞壁是全透性，原生质层与细胞壁之间部位呈红色．
故答案为：
（1）二氧化硅、碳酸钙；层析液没及滤液细线；叶绿素a；
（2）漂洗；染色；右上；1：2：2； A→D→C→B；
（3）原生质层与细胞壁之间
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