英语中的情态动词有哪些 英语中的情态动词有哪些?
\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u60c5\u6001\u52a8\u8bcd\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff1f\u60c5\u6001\u52a8\u8bcd\u6709:
can, could, may, might, ought to, have to, need, shall, should, will, would, dare
\u60c5\u6001\u52a8\u8bcd\u6709can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to\u7b49\u3002 \u60c5\u6001\u52a8\u8bcd\u65e0\u4eba\u79f0\u548c\u6570\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff1b\u4e0d\u80fd\u5355\u72ec\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u5176\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u6784\u6210\u8c13\u8bed
\u4e00\u3001 can, could
1) \u8868\u793a\u80fd\u529b\uff08\u4f53\u529b\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u6280\u80fd\uff09\u3002
Can you lift this heavy box?\uff08\u4f53\u529b\uff09
Mary can speak three languages.\uff08\u77e5\u8bc6\uff09
Can you skate?\uff08\u6280\u80fd\uff09
\u6b64\u65f6\u53ef\u7528be able to\u4ee3\u66ff\u3002Can\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u822c\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f\uff1b\u800cbe able to\u5219\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u65f6\u6001\u3002
I\u2019ll not be able to come this afternoon.
\u5f53\u8868\u793a\u201c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u52aa\u529b\u624d\u5f97\u4ee5\u505a\u6210\u529f\u67d0\u4e8b\u201d\u65f6\u5e94\u7528be able to\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528Can\u3002\u5982\uff1a
He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.
2) \u8868\u793a\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u5141\u8bb8\u3002
---Can I go now?
--- Yes, you can. / No, you can\u2019t.
\u6b64\u65f6\u53ef\u4e0emay\u4e92\u6362\u3002\u5728\u7591\u95ee\u53e5\u4e2d\u8fd8\u53ef\u7528could,
might\u4ee3\u66ff\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8bed\u6c14\u66f4\u59d4\u5a49\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u80af\u5b9a\u53e5\u548c\u7b54\u8bed\u4e2d\u3002
---- Could I come to see you tomorrow?
---- Yes, you can. ( No, I\u2019m afraid not. )
3) \u8868\u793a\u5ba2\u89c2\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff08\u5ba2\u89c2\u539f\u56e0\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff09\u3002
They\u2019ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.
This hall can hold 500 people at least.
4) \u8868\u793a\u63a8\u6d4b\uff08\u60ca\u8bb6\u3001\u6000\u7591\u3001\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff09\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u7591\u95ee\u53e5\u3001\u5426\u5b9a\u53e5\u548c\u611f\u53f9\u53e5\u4e2d\u3002
Can this be true?
This can\u2019t be done by him.
How can this be true?
\u4e8c\u3001 may, might
1) \u8868\u793a\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u5141\u8bb8\u3002might\u6bd4 may\u8bed\u6c14\u66f4\u59d4\u5a49\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f\u3002\u5426\u5b9a\u56de\u7b54\u65f6\u53ef\u7528can\u2019t
\u6216mustn\u2019t\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u201d\u3002
----Might/ May I smoke in this room?
---- No, you mustn\u2019t.
---- May/Might I take this book out of the room?
---- Yes, you can. (No, you can\u2019t / mustn\u2019t. )
\u7528May I...\uff1f\u5f81\u5f87\u5bf9\u65b9\u8bb8\u53ef\u65f6\u6bd4\u8f83\u6b63\u5f0f\u548c\u5ba2\u6c14\uff0c\u800c\u7528Can I...\uff1f\u5728\u53e3\u8bed\u4e2d\u66f4\u5e38\u89c1\u3002
can could must should may might
1，只做情态动词：must,can(could),may(might)……
2，可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need,dare
3，具有情态动词特征：have(had,has) to,used to
4，情态动词表猜测；一肯一否三不定；must一肯，must not一否，can，could，would三不定。
情态动词有：can， could， may， might， ought to， have to， need， shall， should， will， would， dare
情态动词（Modal verb）本身有一定的词义，表示语气的单词。但是不能独立作谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词用在行为动词前，表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。 情态动词虽然数量不多，但用途广泛。
用法：
首先它是动词，而且不同于行为动词，行为动词表示的是可以通过行为来表达的动作（如写，读，跑），而情态动词只是表达的一种想法（如能，也许，敢）。
用法是：情态动词+行为动词原形
例句：I can read this sentence in English.
我能用英语读这句话。
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪，态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。
We can be there on time tomorrow.
我们明天能按时去那儿。
1、只能作情态动词，包括may、might、must等。
2、既能作情态动词，又能作实义助词，包括need、dare、can等。
3、既能作情态动词，又能做助动词，包括shall、should、will、would等。
4、指具有情态动词特征的短语，包括have to、used to、ought to等。
Can/could通常代表许可的意思，能够广泛用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中，而且could的表达效果通常要更加委婉。Cannot是指“禁止”，通常用于警告和告示。
May/might的意思与can/could相似，用法也没有明显区别，不过其与后者相比大多用于正式文体，通常含有尊敬之意，其中，might较may表达的效果更加委婉，但不是很常用。
Shall通常用于表示征求意见，常用于疑问句中。而will/would同样是表示请求，其中would的表达效果更为客气委婉，且大多用于第二人称。Must则是表示必须、必要。
扩展资料
情态动词的用法：
1、客观情形
主语自己不能做决定，不要受客观情形支配。如I will be 18 years old next month. 下个月我就要18岁了。
这里的will和将来时态连用表明是受时间客观规律支配的，不以主观意志来做主的。因此可以和一个词组be going to do 区别开来。
be going to do 也是将要的意思，用法和will有很大区别。当be going to do 的主语是人的时候，意思为“打算，计划”；只有当其主语是物的时候才可以和will等同表示马上要发生，但是依然不可以用于表示自然规律的情形。
2、主观态度
（1）表意愿。Will you marry me? 你愿意嫁给我吗？Yes,I will. 我愿意。will 的名词意思是意志，意愿，和遗嘱。At will 随心所欲，想怎么样就怎么样。willing就是派生出来的形容词，be willing to do= be ready to do乐意去做。
（2）主观判断，表示非常肯定的判断和认同 Boys will be boys. 男孩子毕竟是男孩子。Master will be master. 大师就是大师。
（3）表示对能力的估计 Having enough money, I will travel around the world. 如果有钱了，我就可以周游世界了。
（4）希望和请求 Will you turn down the TV volume a little bit? 你把电视音量调小点好吗?
一般来说，用will原形的时候多用于熟人朋友间，和第一次见面的人说话，要注意礼貌，因此would you turn down the TV volume a little 更合适。
1.情态动词包括will,would,shall,should,can,could,may,might,must,need,dare,ought to,used to等,后接原形不定式.
2.情态动词不受主语的人称和数的限制.
3.两个情态动词不能连用.
1 情态动词的语法特征
1） 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。
2） 情态动词 除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。
3） 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。
4） 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。
2 比较can 和be able to
1）can could 表示能力；可能 (过去时用could),
只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。
They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。
2）只用be able to
a. 位于助动词后。
b. 情态动词后。
c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。
d. 用于句首表示条件。
e. 表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were able to， 不能用could。
He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.
= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.
注意：could不表示时态
1）提出委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。
--- Could I have the television on?
--- Yes, you can. / No, you can't.
2）在否定，疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。
He couldn't be a bad man.
他不大可能是坏人。
3 比较may和might
1） 表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。
May God bless you!
He might be at home.
注意： might 表示推测时，不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。
2） 成语： may/might as well，后面接不带to 的不定式，意为"不妨"。
If that is the case, we may as well try.
典型例题
Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. must B. may C. can D. will
答案B. 表可能性只能用may. 此句意可从后半句推出。
4 比较have to和must
1) 两词都是'必须'的意思，have to 表示客观的需要， must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)
He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）
2) have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。
He had to look after his sister yesterday.
3） 在否定结构中： don't have to 表示"不必"
mustn't 表示"禁止"，
You don't have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。
You mustn't tell him about it. 你一定不要把这件事告诉他。
5 must表示推测
1) must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为"一定"。
2) must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时， must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。
You have worked hard all day.You must be tired. 你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（对现在情况的推测判断）
He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。
比较：
He must be staying there.
他现在肯定呆在那里。
He must stay there.
他必须呆在那。
3) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。
I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep. 我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。
4) must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。
---Why didn't you answer my phone call?
---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.
5) 否定推测用can't。
If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet. 如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。
6 表示推测的用法
can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测，其用法如下：
1）情态动词+动词原形。
表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。
I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.
2）情态动词+动词现在进行时。
表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。
At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.
这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。
3）情态动词+动词完成时。
表示对过去情况的推测。
We would have finished this work by the end of next December.
明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。
The road is wet. It must have rained last night.
地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。
4）情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。
表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。
Your mother must have been looking for you.
你妈妈一定一直在找你。
5）推测的否定形式，疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。
Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.
迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。
注意：could, might表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如can, may。
7 情态动词+ have +过去分词
1) may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth 表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。
Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
Philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
2) must have +done sth，对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有"肯定"，"谅必"的意思。
---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.
---She must have gone by bus.
3) ought to have done sth, should have done sth
本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示"不该做某事而做了"。
You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.
He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.（事实上已扔了。）
ought to 在语气上比should 要强。
4) needn't have done sth 本没必要做某事
I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I needn't have done so. The weather was hot.
5) would like to have done sth 本打算做某事
I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.
8 should 和ought to
should 和ought to 都为"应该"的意思，可用于各种人称。
---Ought he to go?
---Yes. I think he ought to.
表示要求，命令时，语气由 should（应该）、had better最好）、must（必须）渐强。
9 had better表示"最好"
had better 相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。
had better do sth
had better not do sth
It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat.
She'd better not play with the dog.
had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果，意为"本来最好"。
You had better have come earlier.
10 would rather表示"宁愿"
would rather do
would rather not do
would rather… than… 宁愿……而不愿。
还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示"宁愿"、"宁可"的意思。
If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.
I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home.
典型例题
----Shall we go skating or stay at home?
----Which ___ do?
A. do you rather B. would you rather C. will you rather D. should you rather
答案B。本题考查情态动词rather的用法，would rather +do sth 意为"宁愿"，本题为疑问句，would 提前，所以选B。
11 will和would
注意：
1）would like； Would like to do = want to 想要，为固定搭配。
Would you like to go with me?
2）Will you…? Would you like…? 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some, 而不是any。
Would you like some cake?
3）否定结构中用will，一般不用would, won't you是一种委婉语气。
Won't you sit down?
12 情态动词的回答方式
问句 肯定回答 否定回答
Need you…? Yes, I must. No,I needn't
Must you…? /don't have to.
典型例题
1）---Could I borrow your dictionary?
---Yes, of course, you____.
A. might B. will C. can D. should
答案C.could表示委婉的语气，并不为时态。答语中of course，表示肯定的语气，允许某人做某事时，用can和 may来表达，不能用could或might。复习： will 与you连用，用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用，用来提出劝告。
2）---Shall I tell John about it?
---No, you ___. I've told him already.
A. needn't B. wouldn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
答案A。needn't 不必，不用。 wouldn't 将不, 不会的。 mustn't 禁止、不能。 shouldn't 不应该。本题为不需要，不必的意思，应用needn't。
3）---Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
---______.
A. I don't B. I won't C. I can't D. I haven't
答案B. will既可当作情态动词，表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表"意愿、意志、决心"，本题表示决心，选B。
13 带to 的情态动词
带to 的情态动词有四个：ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如加上have got to ,(=must), be able to，为六个。它们的疑问，否定形式应予以注意：
Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month?
She didn't use to play tennis before she was fourteen.
You ought not to have told her all about it.
Ought he to see a heart specialist at once.?
ought to 本身作为情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用，变疑问，否定时，须有do 等助动词协助。
典型例题
Tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A.have told B.tell C.be telling D. having told
答案A。由于后句为过去时，告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前因，此地应用过去完成时，但它在情态动词 ought to 后，所以用have。
14 比较need和dare
这两词既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。 need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to，而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可以被省略。
1) 实义动词： need （需要, 要求）
need + n. / to do sth
2) 情态动词： need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式为need not。
Need you go yet?
Yes, I must. / No, I needn't.
3) need 的被动含义：need, want, require, worth（形容词）后面接doing也可以表示被动：
need doing = need to be done
绛旓細鎯呮佸姩璇嶆湁can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to绛銆 鎯呮佸姩璇嶆棤浜虹О鍜屾暟鐨勫彉鍖栵紱涓嶈兘鍗曠嫭浣跨敤锛屽繀椤讳笌鍏跺悗鐨勫姩璇嶅師褰㈡瀯鎴愯皳璇 涓銆 can, could 1) 琛ㄧず鑳藉姏锛堜綋鍔涖佺煡璇嗐佹妧鑳斤級銆侰an you lift this heavy box?
绛旓細鎯呮佸姩璇嶆湁can (could)銆乵ay (might)銆乵ust銆乶eed銆乷ught to銆乨are (dared)銆乻hall (should)銆 will (would)銆備竴銆乧an 1銆佽闊筹細鑻 [kæn] 缇 [kæn]2銆佺炕璇戯細aux. 鍙互锛涜兘 n. 缃愬ご v. 缃愯锛<鍙>瑙ｉ泧 3銆佷緥鍙ワ細You can count on me.浣犲彲浠ユ寚鏈涙垜銆備簩銆乵ay 1銆佽闊筹細...
绛旓細鎯呮佸姩璇嶈櫧鐒舵暟閲忎笉澶氾紝浣嗙敤閫斿箍娉涳紝涓昏鏈変笅鍒楋細 can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) must 鎯呮佸姩璇嶅洓澶у垎绫 鈶犲彧鍋氭儏鎬佸姩璇:may, might, must鈥︹憽鍙仛鎯呮佸姩璇嶅張鍙仛瀹炰箟鍔ㄨ瘝锛氬锛歯eed, dare鈥︹憿鍏锋湁鎯呮佸姩璇嶇壒寰侊細have(had,h...
绛旓細鎯呮佸姩璇嶆湁鍥涚被锛鈶犲彧鍋氭儏鎬佸姩璇嶏細must,can(could),may(might),ought to 鈶″彲鍋氭儏鎬佸姩璇嶅張鍙仛瀹炰箟鍔ㄨ瘝锛歯eed,dare 鈶㈠彲鍋氭儏鎬佸姩璇嶅張鍙仛鍔╁姩璇嶏細shall(should),will(would)鈶ｅ叿鏈夋儏鎬佸姩璇嶇壒寰侊細have(had) to,used to 鎯呮佹儏鍔ㄨ瘝鏃犱汉绉板拰鏁扮殑鍙樺寲,鎯呮佸姩璇嶅悗闈㈣窡鐨勫姩璇嶉渶鐢ㄥ師褰,鍚﹀畾寮忔瀯鎴愭槸鍦ㄦ儏...
绛旓細鑻辫鎯呮佸姩璇嶆槸鎸囦竴绫荤壒娈婄殑鍔ㄨ瘝锛屽畠浠敤鏉ヨ〃杈捐璇濊呭鏌愮琛屼负鐨勬佸害銆佹剰鎰裤佸彲鑳芥с佹帹娴嬫垨寤鸿绛夋儏鎰熻壊褰┿傝嫳璇腑甯哥敤鐨勬儏鎬佸姩璇嶆湁can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would绛夈1. can/could can琛ㄧず鈥滆兘澶熲濓紝could鍒欒〃绀衡滃彲鑳戒細鈥濇垨鈥滆繃鍘诲彲浠モ濄傝繖涓や釜璇嶇殑鐢ㄦ硶鐩镐技锛屼絾can...
绛旓細鎯呮佸姩璇嶇殑璇嶇粍锛can be鍙兘锛涘彲浠ユ槸銆亀e can鎴戜滑鍙互銆乧an do鑳藉仛鍒帮紱鍋氬緱鍒般乧ould be鍙兘鏄紱鏈夊彲鑳姐乧ould have鏈兘澶燂紱鏈潵涔熷彲浠ャ乭ow could i鎴戞庝箞鑳斤紱鎴戝浣曡兘澶熴乵ay be涔熻锛屽彲鑳姐乵ay have+杩囧幓鍒嗚瘝銆乮n may鍦ㄤ簲鏈堛俶ight as well涓嶅Θ锛屼綍濡紱杩樻槸鈥︹︾殑濂姐乵ight well鏈夊彲鑳姐乵ight ...
绛旓細might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would)銆鑻辫涓鍔╁姩璇嶄富瑕佹湁涓ょ被锛氫竴鏄熀鏈姪鍔ㄨ瘝锛屽have, do, be绛夛紱浜屾槸鎯呮佸姪鍔ㄨ瘝锛屽may, must, need绛夈鎯呮佸姩璇涓庡叾浠栧姩璇嶈繛鐢ㄨ〃绀鸿璇濅汉鐨勮姘旓紝鍙〃杈惧缓璁佽姹傘佸彲鑳姐佹剰鎰跨瓑銆傛儏鎬佸姩璇嶆病鏈変汉绉板拰鏁扮殑鍙樺寲銆
绛旓細鎯呮佸姩璇嶆槸鑻辫涓殑涓绫荤壒娈婂姩璇嶏紝鐢ㄤ簬琛ㄨ揪璇磋瘽鑰呭鏌愮鍔ㄤ綔鎴栫姸鎬佺殑鎬佸害鎴栫湅娉曘傚父鐢ㄧ殑鎯呮佸姩璇嶆湁can銆乧ould銆乵ay銆乵ight銆乵ust銆乻hall銆乻hould銆亀ill銆亀ould绛夈1. Can鍜孋ould锛欳an 琛ㄧず鑳藉姏鎴栧彲鑳芥э紝鑰 Could 鏄 Can 鐨勮繃鍘诲紡锛屽叿鏈夋洿濮斿銆佹媿闂ㄧ殑璇皵銆備緥濡傦細- Can you help me carry this box?
绛旓細鑻辫涓殑鎯呮佸姩璇嶆槸涓绫荤壒娈婄殑鍔ㄨ瘝锛屽寘鎷can銆乧ould銆乵ay銆乵ight銆乻hall銆乻hould銆亀ill銆亀ould銆乵ust绛夈傚畠浠湪璇硶涓婃湁涓浜涚壒娈婄殑鐢ㄦ硶锛屼笅闈㈠皢瀵规瘡涓儏鎬佸姩璇嶇殑鐢ㄦ硶杩涜浠嬬粛銆1.can/could can琛ㄧず鑳藉姏鎴栬鍙э紝could琛ㄧず杩囧幓鐨勮兘鍔涙垨璁稿彲鎬с傚畠浠殑鐢ㄦ硶濡備笅锛氳〃绀鸿兘鍔涳細I can swim.锛堟垜浼氭父娉炽傦級琛ㄧず璁稿彲...
绛旓細1锛屽彧鍋氭儏鎬佸姩璇嶏細must,can(could),may(might)鈥︹2锛屽彲鍋氭儏鎬佸姩璇嶅張鍙仛瀹炰箟鍔ㄨ瘝锛歯eed,dare 3锛屽叿鏈夋儏鎬佸姩璇嶇壒寰侊細have(had,has) to,used to 4锛屾儏鎬佸姩璇嶈〃鐚滄祴锛涗竴鑲竴鍚︿笁涓嶅畾锛沵ust涓鑲紝must not涓鍚︼紝can锛宑ould锛寃ould涓変笉瀹氥
