高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧
高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧
导语：高考复习的重点一是要掌握所有的知识点，二就是要大量的做题，以下是我为大家精心整理的高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧，欢迎大家参考！
阅读理解之主旨大意题
我们阅读一篇文章， 首先是要了解其大意， 明确其主旨。因此， 主旨大意题是常考题。主旨大意题包括：主要内容(main idea, mainly about)型、文章标题(title)型、写作目的(purpose)型。广东高考近几年来考查过的题目中mainly about只考过4题，title题考了5题， purpose题考了5题。
解题技巧
1.弄清文章的大意， 关键是找到主题句。
主题句的位置：主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应， 有时也在文中，或没有主题句，需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句。议论文和说明文一般有主题句，但记叙文通常没有主题句，需要归纳。
2.找主题句的方法：用浏览法(skimming)，即
快速阅读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主题线索和主题信息。找主题句的四个小窍门：
(1)段落中出现表转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually等)时， 该句很可能是主题句。
(2)首段出现疑问句时， 对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
(3)作者有意识地反复重复的观点，通常是主旨;反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
(4)表示总结或结论的话常有therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等。
3.关于干扰项和正确答案。
(1)干扰项可能属文中某个具体事实或细节;可能属文中某些 (不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论;可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。
(2)正确答案：是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的;但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。
4.在阅读理解中，主旨大意题常有以下几种命题方式： (1)Main idea型：选择项多为陈述句，要求考生选择表达作者思想或观点的.句子。题干多为如下形式：
①What's the main idea/point of the passage?
②The passage is mainly about________.
③The passage is mainly concerned about________.
④Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?
⑤Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea/theme of the passage?
⑥In this passage the author discusses primarily______.
⑦The subject discussed in this text is________.
⑧The general/main idea of the passage is about________.
(2)Main purpose型：选择项多为动宾结构，要求考生找到主要的写作目的，常见以下几种题干形式：
①What's the purpose of the passage?
②The passage is meant to________.
③The purpose of the article is to________.
④In this passage the writer tries to tell us that________.
⑤The passage tells us that________.
⑥The author's main purpose in writing the passage is to ...
(3)标题型：选择文章标题是另一类对主旨大意题考查的形式，命题形式：
①The best title of the passage is________.
②Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
③The best title for the passage is________.
④The most appropriate title of the passage is________.
In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animal. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.
典型例析
From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people...Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness...But only when we stop
pretending we're brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that's in them.
30.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A.A Wheelchair Experience.
B.Weakness and Kindness.
C.Weakness and Strength.
D.A Driving Experience
解析：主旨大意题。在第一段中，出现了表转折的But...可知，“But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people”便是主题句，再根据第二段最后一句可以确定，这句的确是主题句。又因标题要简明、醒目，故选B。
答案：B
In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources (资源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持续的)ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable
products.In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.
Today, sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries....In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%.
45.What is the main purpose of the passage?
A.To introduce a new business model.
B.To compare two business models.
C.To predict a change of the global market.
D.To advocate sustainable development.
解析：主旨大意题。在第一段中，出现了转折的Actually，其后的“People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed，and that we must be able to develop in sustainable(可持续的)ways”是主题句，随后的两句话都是对这一句进
行解释;句中两个must清楚表明了作者“提倡可持续发展”，第二段首句“Today，sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries”进一步说明，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是“提倡可持续发展”。故选D。
答案：D
Although the use of the expression is an insincere, meaningless social custom at times, there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it is little uninteresting. The salesgirl, the waitress, the teacher, and all the countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day. But in a strange and comfortable way, it's nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really don't care all that much. While the expression may not often
be sincere, it is always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like.
30.What is the best title of the passage?
A.Have a Nice Day — a Social Custom
B.Have a Nice Day — a Pleasant Gesture
C.Have a Nice Day — a Heartwarming Greeting
D.Have a Nice Day — a Polite Ending of a Conversation
解析：主旨大意题。由该段的第一句(特别是custom一词)可知。
答案：A
(2013年高考)Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear.Children know this very well. Fred Epstein，in his book If I Make It to Five，tells a story he heard from one of friends about Tom，a fouryearold boy with a cancer in his back bone.He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination
…
It doesn't mean that you should dress as a superhero for you next job interview. But，next time you are tested in a way that seems impossible, imagine what it would take to overcome it. Become the person you need to become to win over your challenge and do it in your mind first. So，let your imagination run wild，and dare to dream.
30.What is the purpose of the passage?
A.To tell us an interesting story.
B.To help us make right decisions.
C.To advise us to care about children.
D.To encourage us to use our imagination.
解析：主旨大意题。由文章首句Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear和全文末句So, let your imagination run wild, and dare to dream可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励我们运用我们的想象力。
答案：D
;绛旓細鑻辫闃呰鐞嗚В瑙ｉ鎶宸1銆佺粏鑺傞鍨嬶細鎶撲綇鎻愰棶涓殑鍏抽敭瀛楃溂锛屼粩缁嗛槄璇荤浉鍏崇粏鑺傜殑鏉愭枡鍐呭锛屼竴鑸彲浠ュ湪鐭枃涓洿鎺ユ壘鍒版垨绋嶅姞褰掔撼灏卞彲浠ユ壘鍒版纭瓟妗堛2銆涓绘棬澶ф剰棰樺瀷锛氫粩缁嗙爺璇荤煭鏂囩殑鍓嶄袱鍙ワ紝涓鑸槸鐭枃鐨勪富棰樺彞锛屾垨杈呬互闃呰鍚勬娈佃惤涓績鍙ャ傛鏂规硶澶氶傜敤浜庤鏄庢枃銆佽璁烘枃銆3銆佹帹鐞嗗垽鏂鍨嬶細鎺ㄦ柇棰樻槸鑰冩煡瀛︾敓...
绛旓細楂樿冭嫳璇槄璇涓冮変簲棰樺瀷瑕佹眰鑰冪敓浠庢暣浣撲笂鎶婃彙鏂囩珷鐨勯昏緫缁撴瀯鍜屽唴瀹逛笂鐨勮仈绯,鐞嗚В鍙ュ瓙涔嬮棿銆佹钀戒箣闂寸殑鍏崇郴,瀵硅濡傝繛璐с佷竴鑷存х瓑璇鐗瑰緛鏈夎緝寮虹殑鎰忚瘑鍜岀啛缁冪殑鎶婃彙,骞跺叿澶囪繍鐢ㄨ娉曠煡璇嗗垎鏋愮悊瑙ｉ暱闅惧彞鐨勮兘鍔涖傚彲浠ヨ,姝ら鍨嬫槸瀵硅瑷鑳藉姏鍜闃呰鐞嗚В鑳藉姏鐨勭患鍚堟祴璇曘 涓銆瑙ｉ鎬濊矾 1銆佺悊娓呭彞闄呴棿鐨勫叧绯 鏂囩珷鐨勫唴瀹...
绛旓細闃呰鐞嗚В涔涓绘棬澶ф剰棰 鎴戜滑闃呰涓绡囨枃绔狅紝 棣栧厛鏄浜嗚В鍏跺ぇ鎰忥紝 鏄庣‘鍏朵富鏃ㄣ傚洜姝わ紝 涓绘棬澶ф剰棰樻槸甯歌冮銆備富鏃ㄥぇ鎰忛鍖呮嫭锛氫富瑕佸唴瀹(main idea, mainly about)鍨嬨佹枃绔犳爣棰(title)鍨嬨佸啓浣滅洰鐨(purpose)鍨嬨傚箍涓楂樿杩戝嚑骞存潵鑰冩煡杩囩殑棰樼洰涓璵ainly about鍙冭繃4棰橈紝title棰樿冧簡5棰橈紝 purpose棰樿冧簡5棰...
绛旓細涓嬮潰鎴戞暣鐞嗕簡楂樿冭嫳璇槄璇荤悊瑙鐨勫父瑙侀鍨嬩互鍙瑙ｉ鏂规硶,澶у涓璧锋潵鐪嬩竴涓嬪惂! 銆愰珮鑰冭嫳璇槄璇荤悊瑙ｅ父瑙侀鍨嬪強瑙ｉ鏂规硶銆 涓銆佷富鏃ㄥぇ鎰棰 涓绘棬澶ф剰棰涓昏鑰冩煡瀛︾敓瀵规墍璇绘潗鏂(鎴栨墍璇绘潗鏂欑墖鏂)涓績鎬濇兂鐨勬鎷傚仛杩欑被棰樻椂,鑰冪敓搴旈氳鍏ㄦ枃,鎶婃彙鏂囩珷澶ф剰鎴栦腑蹇冩濇兂,鍚屾椂娉ㄦ剰鏂囩珷鐨勪富棰樺彞,鍥犱负涓婚鍙ヨ〃杈句腑蹇冩濇兂,鍏朵粬鍙ュ瓙鍧...
绛旓細1銆佺珛瓒宠鏂囨暀瀛︼紝璁粌闃呰鎬濈淮 閫氳繃浠ヤ笂瀵楂樿冭嫳璇槄璇荤悊瑙ｉ鐨勫垎鏋愶紝鏁欏涓垜浠簲鍏呭垎鍒╃敤璇炬枃鍐呭锛屽瀛︾敓杩涜鏈夋晥鐨勯槄璇昏缁冿紝鎻愰珮鍏堕槄璇昏兘鍔涖傚寘鎷鏂囩珷涓瓧璇嶅彞鐨勮〃灞傜悊瑙(鍖呮嫭杈ㄨ璇嶄箟銆佸彞娉曠粨鏋勭瓑)浠ュ強瀵规枃绔犵殑缁撴瀯銆涓绘棬杩涜鍒嗘瀽涓庨昏緫鍒ゆ柇銆備粠鑰屾繁鍒荤悊瑙ｅ叏鏂囷紝骞跺湪姝ゅ熀纭涓婂啀璇昏鏂囷紝棰嗕細鏂囩珷涓簨浠...
绛旓細涓绘棬澶ф剰棰鏄楂樿冮槄璇荤悊瑙鐨勪富瑕侀鍨嬩箣涓锛 鏃ㄥ湪鑰冩煡鑰冪敓瀵归敾鐐煎ぇ鎰忔垨鑰呮枃绔犱腑蹇冩濇兂鐨勬妸鎻″拰褰掔撼鑳藉姏銆瑙ｉ鍓嶅厛瑕佷簡瑙ｄ富鏃ㄥぇ鎰忛鐨勫垎绫汇傚ぇ閮ㄥ垎鎯呭喌涓嬶紝涓绘棬澶ф剰棰樺彲鍒嗕负涓ょ锛屸憼绡囩珷涓绘棬锛氶拡瀵瑰叏鏂囩殑涓婚杩涜鎻愰棶銆備富棰樺彞鍑虹幇鍦ㄩ娈电殑灞呭锛屽叾娆℃槸鏈銆傗憽娈佃惤涓绘棬锛氶拡瀵规煇涓娈垫垨鍑犳鐨勪富棰樻彁闂備富棰樺彞...
绛旓細鍏充簬楂樹笁鑻辫澶嶄範涓殑闃呰鐞嗚В棰橈紝鎴愰兘缇庡崥鐨勮佸笀涓哄悓瀛︿滑姊崇悊浜嗗洓绫婚鍨嬬殑鐩稿叧瑙ｉ鏂规硶鍙婃敾鐣ワ紝渚涘悓瀛︿滑閰屾儏鍙傝冿細涓銆涓绘棬澶ф剰棰 鏍囧織璇嶏細title锛宻ubject锛宮ain锛宨dea锛宼opic锛宼heme 绛夎瘝 1. 褰掔撼鏍囬棰 鐗圭偣锛氱煭灏忕簿鎮嶏紝涓鑸涓轰竴涓煭璇紝娑电洊鎬у己锛屼竴鑸兘瑕嗙洊鍏ㄦ枃鎰忔濓紝绮剧‘鎬у己锛岃〃杈捐寖鍥磋鎭板綋锛...
绛旓細楂樿冭嫳璇槄璇荤悊瑙涓殑涓绘棬澶ф剰棰鍖呮嫭涓婚锛坱opic銆乻ubject銆乵ain idea銆乬eneral idea锛夊瀷鍜屾爣棰橈紙title锛夊瀷涓ょ被銆傚湪鍋氫富棰樺瀷璇曢鏃讹紝鍙厛瀵绘壘涓婚鍙ャ備竴鑸儏鍐典笅锛屼富棰樺彞鍑虹幇鍦ㄦ枃绔犵殑寮澶存垨缁撳熬銆備絾鏈夋椂涔熷彲鑳戒笉浼氬嚭鐜颁富棰樺彞锛岄渶瑕佹垜浠嚜宸卞幓姒傛嫭鎴栧綊绾炽傚湪纭畾鏂囩珷鐨勬爣棰(title)鐨勬椂鍊欙紝鎴戜滑瑕佷互鏂囩珷鐨勪腑蹇...
绛旓細鑻辫闃呰鐞嗚В瑙ｉ姝ラ1.蹇熸祻瑙堛傚揩閫熸祻瑙堟湁鍔╀簬鎴戜滑杩呴熺殑浜嗚В鏂囩珷鐨勫ぇ鑷翠俊鎭紝鎺屾彙鏂囩珷鐨勪富棰樻濇兂銆2.璇绘竻棰樼洰銆傚湪绛鑻辫闃呰鐞嗚В棰鏃讹紝涓瀹氫笉瑕佹ヤ簬鍘婚夋嫨锛岃鐪嬫竻妤氶鐩紝鐪嬫竻棰樼洰璇寸殑鏄粈涔堬紝闂殑鏄粈涔堛3.瀵圭収闃呰銆傚皢棰樼洰鐨勯棶棰樹笌鏂囩珷鐩稿簲鐨勯儴鍒嗚繘琛屽鐓ч槄璇伙紝鑳藉甯姪鎴戜滑蹇熺殑瀵绘壘鍑虹瓟妗堟墍鍦ㄣ...
绛旓細1鑻辫闃呰鐞嗚В甯歌棰樺瀷鍙瑙ｉ鏂规硶涓銆佷富鏃ㄥぇ鎰棰樹富鏃ㄥぇ鎰忛涓昏鑰冩煡瀛︾敓瀵规墍璇绘潗鏂(鎴栨墍璇绘潗鏂欑墖鏂)涓績鎬濇兂鐨勬鎷傚仛杩欑被棰樻椂,鑰冪敓搴旈氳鍏ㄦ枃,鎶婃彙鏂囩珷澶ф剰鎴栦腑蹇冩濇兂,鍚屾椂娉ㄦ剰鏂囩珷鐨勪富棰樺彞,鍥犱负涓婚鍙ヨ〃杈句腑蹇冩濇兂,鍏朵粬鍙ュ瓙鍧囧洿缁曚富棰樺彞杩涜灞曞紑銆備富棰樺彞閫氬父浣嶄簬鏂囩珷绗竴娈甸鍙ャ佺涓娈垫湯鍙ユ垨鍏ㄦ枃鏈彞绛夊湴鏂,浣嗕綅...
