中考英语语法专题详解十二:宾语从句
宾语从句是在从句中充当宾语的从句叫做宾语从句,下面就是我给大家带来的中考英语语法专题详解十二:宾语从句,希望能帮助到大家!
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一、什么是宾语从句
在句中充当宾语的从句叫作宾语从句,宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语。
二、宾语从句的引导词
1、 that 无实意,用来引导陈述句的宾语从句,口语中常省略。例如:
She told me that she had been to Hong Kong twice.
她告诉我她去过香港两次。
I know(that)the visitors are from Australia.我知道这些游客来自澳大利亚。
2、if或whether这两个词是“是否”的意思,主要用来引导一般疑问句或选择问句的宾语从句,口语中多用if,不能省略。例如:
He asked me if / whether I had been to Beijing twice.
他问我是否去过北京两次。
She wanted to know whether I would go there or not.
她想知道我是否想去那里。
3、疑问词when ,where,who,how等,这类词通常引导特殊疑问句的宾语从句。例如:
Can you tell me how I can find Mr Wang?
你能告诉我怎样才能找到王先生吗?
Please find out who broke the window.请查一下是谁打烂窗户的。
三、宾语从句的语序
凡是从句都必须使用“主语在前,谓语在后”的陈述语序,宾语从句也不例外,也就是说宾语从句的语序必须是“引导词+主语+谓语+ 其它 ”。例如:
误:Could you tell me where is the bus station?
正:Could you tell me where the bus station is?
四、宾语从句的时态一致
1、 当主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候,从句可以根据需要选择相应的时态,不受主句的影响;主句为一般过去时,从句要用相应的过去时态。例如:
I want to know what time he ate his breakfast.
我想知道他今天早晨几点钟吃早饭的。
They will tell us that they have been able to look after themselves.
他们将会告诉我们他们已经能照顾自己了。
I asked what my father was doing then.
我问那时我爸爸在干什么?
2、 当宾语从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象是,宾语从句的时态不受主句的时态的影响,仍然用一般现在时。如:
He said the moon moves round the earth.
他说月亮围着地球转。
She asked whether light travels faster than sound.
她问光速是否比声速快。
五、宾语从句的简化
由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句中的主语与主句的主语或宾语相同时常常可以将宾语从句简化成“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”这种结构。有时候由that引导的宾语从句也可以用动词不定式或者动词的ing形式来简化。如:
Can you tell me how I can get to the post office?
= Can you tell me how to get to the post office?
She don’t know whether she should go there with them or not.
= She don’t know whether to go there with them or not.
He can remember that he has climbed the tall tree.
= He can remember climbing the tall tree.
六、宾语从句的否定转移及其它
1、当I think/believe/guess等一些看法的词后面所接的宾语从句是否定句时,习惯上否定主句,采用“I don’t think/believe/guess+肯定形式的宾语从句”这种结构来表达。如:
我认为明天她不会来。
误:I think that she won’t come tomorrow.
正:I don’t think that she will come tomorrow.
2、 对I think/believe/guess等动词后面所接的宾语从句进行划线部分提问时,要用“疑问词+do you think /believe/guess+宾语从句的剩余成分?”这种结构来表达。如:
你认为谁将在会上发言?
误:Do you think who will speak at the meeting?
正:Who do you think will speak at the meeting?
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