采用公共秘钥系统加密时,明文公开吗 加密密钥可不可以解密
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\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u91c7\u7528\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u662f\u516c\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5982\u57fa\u4e8eRSA Date Security \u516c\u53f8\u7684PKCS\uff08Public Key Cryptography Standards\uff09\u3001Digital Signature Algorithm\u3001x.509\u3001PGP\uff08Pretty Good Privacy\uff09\u30021994\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u6807\u51c6\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u534f\u4f1a\u516c\u5e03\u4e86\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u6807\u51c6\u800c\u4f7f\u516c\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\u6280\u672f\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u516c\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\u7cfb\u7edf\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u662f\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002
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\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u4e0e\u4e66\u9762\u6587\u4ef6\u7b7e\u540d\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u786e\u8ba4\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u70b9\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u7531\u7b7e\u540d\u8005\u53d1\u9001\u7684\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u81ea\u7b7e\u53d1\u540e\u5230\u6536\u5230\u4e3a\u6b62\u672a\u66fe\u4f5c\u8fc7\u4efb\u4f55\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u5c31\u53ef\u7528\u6765\u9632\u6b62\u7535\u5b50\u4fe1\u606f\u56e0\u6613\u88ab\u4fee\u6539\u800c\u6709\u4eba\u4f5c\u4f2a\uff0c\u6216\u5192\u7528\u522b\u4eba\u540d\u4e49\u53d1\u9001\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6216\u53d1\u51fa\uff08\u6536\u5230\uff09\u4fe1\u4ef6\u540e\u53c8\u52a0\u4ee5\u5426\u8ba4\u7b49\u60c5\u51b5\u53d1\u751f\u3002
\u5e94\u7528\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\uff0c\u5373\uff1aRSA\u7b7e\u540d\u3001DSS\u7b7e\u540d\u548cHash\u7b7e\u540d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u5355\u72ec\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7efc\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5bc6\u7801\u7b97\u6cd5\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u3001\u89e3\u5bc6\u53d8\u6362\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u7528DES\u7b97\u53bb\u3001RSA\u7b97\u6cd5\u90fd\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u3002\u4f46\u4e09\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u90fd\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u719f\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002
\u7528RSA\u6216\u5176\u5b83\u516c\u5f00\u5bc6\u94a5\u5bc6\u7801\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6700\u5927\u65b9\u4fbf\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5bc6\u94a5\u5206\u914d\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u7f51\u7edc\u8d8a\u590d\u6742\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u7528\u6237\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u5176\u4f18\u70b9\u8d8a\u660e\u663e\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u516c\u5f00\u5bc6\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u516c\u5f00\u7684\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u4fdd\u5bc6\u7684\u3002\u516c\u5f00\u5bc6\u94a5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u3001\u672a\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\u3001\u7535\u8bdd\u9ec4\u9875\uff08\u5546\u4e1a\u7535\u8bdd\uff09\u4e0a\u6216\u516c\u544a\u724c\u91cc\uff0c\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u53ef\u83b7\u5f97\u516c\u5f00\u5bc6\u94a5\u3002\u800c\u79c1\u6709\u5bc6\u94a5\u662f\u7528\u6237\u4e13\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u7531\u7528\u6237\u672c\u8eab\u6301\u6709\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u7531\u516c\u5f00\u5bc6\u94a5\u52a0\u5bc6\u4fe1\u606f\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u5bc6\u3002
RSA\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u6280\u672f\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u5b83\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u7684\u503c\u4e5f\u5c06\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5c06\u5f97\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u628a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7801\u76f8\u7d2f\u52a0\uff0c\u53d6\u6700\u540e\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u4f4d\u3002\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u7684\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u662f\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u3002
DSS\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u662f\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u5c40\u5171\u540c\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5b83\u662f\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u9881\u5e03\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u505a\u751f\u610f\u7684\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u516c\u53f8\u5219\u8f83\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b7e\u540d\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u63d0\u5021\u4f7f\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u524a\u5f31\u653f\u5e9c\u7a83\u542c\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u624d\u7b26\u5408\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u3002
Hash\u7b7e\u540d\u662f\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u6570\u5b57\u6458\u8981\u6cd5\uff08Digital Digest\uff09\u6216\u6570\u5b57\u6307\u7eb9\u6cd5\uff08Digital Finger Print\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u4e0eRSA\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u662f\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u7b7e\u540d\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8be5\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5c06\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u4e0e\u8981\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7d27\u5bc6\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5b83\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u7535\u5b50\u5546\u52a1\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5546\u52a1\u5408\u540c\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0e\u7b7e\u540d\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u6bd4\u5408\u540c\u548c\u7b7e\u540d\u5206\u5f00\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u66f4\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u6570\u5b57\u6458\u8981\uff08Digital Digest\uff09\u52a0\u5bc6\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ea6\u79f0\u5b89\u5168Hash\u7f16\u7801\u6cd5\uff08SHA\uff1aSecure Hash Algorithm\uff09\u6216MD5\uff08MD Standard For Message Digest\uff09\uff0c\u7531RonRivest\u6240\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u8be5\u7f16\u7801\u6cd5\u91c7\u7528\u5355\u5411Hash\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u9700\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u660e\u6587\u201c\u6458\u8981\u201d\u6210\u4e00\u4e32128bit\u7684\u5bc6\u6587\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e32\u5bc6\u6587\u4ea6\u79f0\u4e3a\u6570\u5b57\u6307\u7eb9\uff08Finger Print\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u660e\u6587\u6458\u8981\u5fc5\u5b9a\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u8fd9\u4e32\u6458\u8981\u4f7f\u53ef\u6210\u4e3a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u660e\u6587\u662f\u5426\u662f\u201c\u771f\u8eab\u201d\u7684\u201c\u6307\u7eb9\u201d\u4e86\u3002
\u53ea\u6709\u52a0\u5165\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u53ca\u9a8c\u8bc1\u624d\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u5b9e\u73b0\u5728\u516c\u5f00\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u52a0\u5165\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\uff081\uff09\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u9996\u5148\u7528\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u4ece\u539f\u6587\u5f97\u5230\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u91c7\u7528\u516c\u5f00\u5bc6\u94a5\u4f53\u7cfb\u7528\u53d1\u8fbe\u65b9\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u5bc6\u94a5\u5bf9\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u52a0\u5bc6\u540e\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u9644\u52a0\u5728\u8981\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u539f\u6587\u540e\u9762\uff1b
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\uff084\uff09\u63a5\u53d7\u65b9\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u5bc6\u94a5\u5bf9\u5bc6\u94a5\u4fe1\u606f\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u5bc6\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u79d8\u5bc6\u5bc6\u94a5\u7684\u660e\u6587\uff1b
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绛旓細鍏挜瀵嗙爜瀛︽湁涓ょ锛屾暟瀛楃鍚嶇殑鏃跺鏄庢枃鏄叕寮鐨勶紝鍏挜鍔犲瘑锛堟垨鑰呬笌鍏跺姛鑳界浉鍚岀殑瀵嗛挜浜ゆ崲锛夋槑鏂囦笉鍏紑銆
绛旓細RSA鐨勫叿浣撴楠ゅ寘鎷細閫夋嫨涓や釜澶ц川鏁皃鍜宷锛岃绠楀畠浠殑涔樼Нr锛涢夋嫨涓涓笌(p-1)*(q-1)浜掕川鐨勫ぇ鏁存暟e浣滀负鍔犲瘑瀵嗛挜锛涢氳繃璁＄畻鎵惧埌瑙ｅ瘑瀵嗛挜d锛屼娇寰梔 * e妯(p - 1) * (q - 1)绛変簬1锛涘叕寮r鍜宔锛屼絾淇濇寔d鐨勭瀵嗐備妇涓緥瀛愶紝濡傛灉p=3, q=5, e=11, 鍒檇=3銆傛槑鏂13鍔犲瘑涓篊 = 13^11 mod 1...
绛旓細RSA浣跨敤涓や釜瀵嗚疆姗″窞閽ワ紝涓涓鍏叡瀵嗛挜锛鑵婅斀涓涓笓鐢ㄥ瘑閽ャ傚鐢ㄥ叾涓竴涓姞瀵嗭紝鍒欏彲鐢ㄥ彟涓涓В瀵嗭紝瀵嗛挜闀垮害浠40鍒2048bit鍙彉锛屽姞瀵嗘椂涔熸妸鏄庢枃鍒嗘垚鍧楋紝鍧楃殑澶у皬鍙彉锛屼絾涓嶈兘瓒呰繃瀵嗛挜鐨勯暱搴︼紝RSA绠楁硶鎶婃瘡涓鍧楁槑鏂囪浆鍖栦负涓庡瘑閽ラ暱搴︾浉鍚岀殑瀵嗘枃鍧椼傚瘑閽ヨ秺闀匡紝鍔犲瘑鏁堟灉瓒婂ソ锛屼絾鍔犲瘑瑙ｅ瘑鐨勫紑閿涔熷ぇ锛屾墍浠ヨ鍦...
绛旓細绗竴绉嶆儏鍐碉細宸茬煡鏄庢枃鍜屽叕閽ュ緱鍒绉侀挜鍔犲瘑鐨勫瘑鏂囷紝杩欎釜鏄姞瀵嗚繃绋嬶紝涓庣閽鍏崇郴涓嶅ぇ锛屽姞瀵杩囩▼涓昏鍦ㄤ簬n鐨勫硷紒鍋囪杩欑鎯呭喌宸茬煡鏄庢枃m锛屽叕閽e锛岀閽d锛屽瘑鏂嘽鏈夋棤鏁扮銆傜浜岀鎯呭喌锛氬凡鐭ユ槑鏂囧瘑鏂囧拰鍏挜寰楀埌绉侀挜銆傚凡鐭ユ槑鏂噈锛屽瘑鏂嘽锛屽叕閽姹傜閽锛屽鍏ユ鍏紡锛歝= (m^e) % n锛宯鐨勫间篃鏄笉鍞竴鐨勶紝鎵...
绛旓細RSA鐨勫叕鍏辨ā鏁版敾鍑汇 鑻ョ郴缁熶腑鍏辨湁涓涓ā鏁,鍙槸涓嶅悓鐨勪汉鎷ユ湁涓嶅悓鐨別鍜宒,绯荤粺灏嗘槸鍗遍櫓鐨勩傛渶鏅亶鐨勬儏鍐垫槸鍚屼竴淇℃伅鐢ㄤ笉鍚岀殑鍏挜鍔犲瘑,杩欎簺鍏挜鍏辨ā鑰屼笖浜掕川,閭ｆ湯璇ヤ俊鎭棤闇绉侀挜灏卞彲寰楀埌鎭㈠銆傝P涓轰俊鎭鏄庢枃,涓や釜鍔犲瘑瀵嗛挜涓篹1鍜宔2,鍏叡妯℃暟鏄痭,鍒: C1 = P^e1 mod n C2 = P^e2 mod n 瀵嗙爜鍒嗘瀽鑰呯煡閬搉...
绛旓細鏍规嵁瀵嗛挜绫诲瀷涓嶅悓灏嗙幇浠ｅ瘑鐮佹妧鏈垎涓轰袱绫:涓绫绘槸瀵圭О鍔犲瘑(绉樺瘑閽ュ寵鍔犲瘑)绯荤粺,鍙︿竴绫绘槸鍏紑瀵嗛挜鍔犲瘑(闈炲绉板姞瀵)绯荤粺銆2.1瀵圭О瀵嗙爜鍔犲瘑绯荤粺 瀵圭О閽ュ寵鍔犲瘑绯荤粺鏄姞瀵嗗拰瑙ｅ瘑鍧閲囩敤鍚屼竴鎶婄瀵嗛挜鍖,鑰屼笖閫氫俊鍙屾柟閮藉繀椤昏幏寰楄繖鎶婇挜鍖,淇濇寔閽ュ寵鐨勭瀵嗐 瀵圭О瀵嗙爜绯荤粺鐨勫畨鍏ㄦт緷璧栦簬浠ヤ笅涓や釜鍥犵礌銆傜涓,鍔犲瘑绠楁硶蹇呴』鏄冻澶熷己鐨...
绛旓細鏄庢枃鏄姞瀵嗗墠鐨勬枃浠讹紝鏆楁枃鏄姞瀵嗗悗鐨勬枃浠躲備笌瀵圭О鍔犲瘑绠楁硶涓嶅悓锛岄潪瀵圭О鍔犲瘑绠楁硶闇瑕佷袱涓瀵嗛挜锛氬叕寮瀵嗛挜锛坧ublickey锛夊拰绉佹湁瀵嗛挜锛坧rivatekey锛夈傚叕寮瀵嗛挜涓庣鏈夊瘑閽ユ槸涓瀵癸紝濡傛灉鐢ㄥ叕寮瀵嗛挜瀵规暟鎹繘琛鍔犲瘑锛鍙湁鐢ㄥ搴旂殑绉佹湁瀵嗛挜鎵嶈兘瑙ｅ瘑锛涘鏋滅敤绉佹湁瀵嗛挜瀵规暟鎹繘琛屽姞瀵嗭紝閭ｄ箞鍙湁鐢ㄥ搴旂殑鍏紑瀵嗛挜鎵嶈兘瑙ｅ瘑銆傚洜涓...
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