枣树常见病害及防治方法有哪些？ 枣树都有哪些常见的病害！防治方法是怎样的？

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\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\u3001\u67a3\u6843\u5c0f\u98df\u5fc3\u866b Carposina niponensis Walsingham \u67a3\u6843\u5c0f\u98df\u5fc3\u866b\u5b50\u53c8\u540d\u6843\u86c0\u679c\u86fe\u3001\u67a3\u86c6\u7b49\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u6027\u5bb3\u866b\u3002\u4ee5\u67a3\u3001\u82f9\u679c\u3001\u68a8\u3001\u5c71\u6942\u7b49\u679c\u6811\u53d7\u5bb3\u6700\u91cd\u3002\u8be5\u866b\u4e00\u5e74\u53d1\u751f1-2\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ee5\u8001\u719f\u5e7c\u866b\u5728\u6811\u5e72\u9644\u8fd1\u571f\u4e2d\u5410\u4e1d\u505a\u6241\u5706\u5f62\u8327\uff08\u51ac\u8327\uff09\u8d8a\u51ac\u3002\u7fcc\u5e746\u6708\u6c14\u6e29\u4e0a\u5347\u523020\u2103\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u571f\u58e4\u542b\u6c34\u91cf\u8fbe10%\u5de6\u53f3\u65f6\uff0c\u8d8a\u51ac\u5e7c\u866b\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u571f\uff0c\u5728\u571f\u5757\u3001\u77f3\u5757\u3001\u8349\u6839\u4e0b\u5410\u4e1d\u505a\u7eba\u9524\u5f62\u8327\uff08\u590f\u8327\uff09\u5316\u86f9\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u96e8\u540e\u5f62\u6210\u51fa\u571f\u9ad8\u5cf0\u3002\u6210\u866b\u65e0\u8d8b\u5149\u6027\u3001\u8d8b\u5316\u6027\u3001\u4f46\u8d8b\u5f02\u6027\u8f83\u5f3a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5229\u7528\u6843\u5c0f\u98df\u5fc3\u866b\u6027\u8bf1\u5242\u8bf1\u86fe\u6548\u679c\u597d\u3002\u6210\u866b\u591a\u5c06\u5375\u4ea7\u5728\u67a3\u53f6\u80cc\u9762\u548c\u679c\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u3001\u4e8c\u4ee3\u5e7c\u866b\u5206\u522b\u57287\u6708\u4efd\u548c8-9\u6708\u4efd\u5927\u91cf\u86c0\u679c\u4e3a\u5bb3\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u505a\u597d\u866b\u60c5\u6d4b\u62a5\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e94\u91c7\u53d6\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7efc\u5408\u9632\u6cbb\u6280\u672f\u3002 \u6316\u8327\u6216\u626c\u571f\u706d\u8327\uff1a\u5b9c\u5728\u6625\u5b63\u89e3\u51bb\u540e\u81f3\u5e7c\u866b\u51fa\u571f\u524d\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u5730\u819c\u8986\u76d6\uff1a\u6625\u5b63\u5bf9\u6811\u5e72\u5468\u56f4\u534a\u5f84100\u5398\u7c73\u4ee5\u5185\u7684\u5730\u9762\u8986\u76d6\u5730\u819c\uff0c\u80fd\u63a7\u5236\u5e7c\u866b\u51fa\u571f\u3001\u5316\u86f9\u548c\u6210\u866b\u7fbd\u5316\u3002\u62e3\u62fe\u843d\u679c\uff0c\u6d88\u706d\u8131\u679c\u5e7c\u866b\u3002\u6811\u4e0b\u57f9\u571f\u3001\u963b\u6b62\u5e7c\u866b\u51fa\u571f\uff0c\u57f9\u571f\u7ea6\u5398\u7c73\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u3001\u6027\u8bf1\u9632\u6cbb\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u6843\u5c0f\u98df\u5fc3\u866b\u6027\u8bf1\u5242\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u62a5\u548c\u9632\u6cbb\u3002\u836f\u5242\u9632\u6cbb\uff1a\u5f53\u8bf1\u86fe\u9ad8\u5cf0\u51fa\u73b01\u5468\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u4e3a\u6811\u4e0a\u55b7\u6d12\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5e74\u4efd\u76847\u6708\u4e2d\u4e0b\u65ec\u548c8\u6708\u4e2d\u4e0b\u65ec\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u3001\u4e8c\u4ee3\u6210\u866b\u53d1\u751f\u76db\u671f\u5206\u522b\u55b7\u5e03\u9664\u866b\u8132\u30013.2%\u731b\u6743(\u7532\u7ef4\u76d0\u9ad8\u6c2f)1500\u500d,\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u83ca\u916f\u7c7b\u519c\u836f1200\u500d\u9632\u6cbb\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4e09\u3001\u98df\u82bd\u8c61\u7532 Scythropus yasumatsui Koneet Merimoto \u53c8\u53eb\u67a3\u98de\u8c61\u3001\u67a3\u82bd\u8c61\u7532\u7b49\uff0c\u662f\u4e13\u98df\u5e7c\u82bd\u548c\u5e7c\u53f6\u7684\u9798\u7fc5\u76ee\u5bb3\u866b\u3002\u8be5\u866b\u4e00\u5e74\u53d1\u751f1\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e7c\u866b\u5728\u571f\u5185\u8d8a\u51ac\uff0c4\u6708\u4e0b\u65ec5\u6708\u521d\uff08\u6c14\u6e29\u8fbe\u52308-20\u2103\uff09\u67a3\u6811\u840c\u82bd\u65f6\uff0c\u6210\u866b\u51fa\u571f\u7fa4\u96c6\u98df\u5bb3\u67a3\u82bd\u3002\u6210\u866b\u6709\u5047\u6b7b\u6027\uff0c\u5375\u4ea7\u4e8e\u8131\u843d\u6027\u679d\u75d5\u7f1d\u9699\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e7c\u866b\u5b75\u5316\u540e\u843d\u5730\u5165\u571f\uff0c\u5728\u571f\u4e2d\u8d8a\u51ac\uff0c\u8d8a\u51ac\u957f\u8fbe10\u4e2a\u6708\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u6216\u6811\u4e0a\u55b7\u5e0348%\u4e50\u65af\u672c\uff08\u6bd2\u6b7b\u8731\uff091000--1500\u500d\u6db2\u6d88\u706d\u4e0a\u6811\u6210\u866b\u3002
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枣树病虫害分布广、危害重，是造成枣树产量低、质量差的主要原因。当前枣园主要危害较重的病虫害有10余种，多数病虫的生活习性、发生规律各不相同，增加了防治难度，这些病虫对枣树的生长、结果均造成不同程度的影响。为此，及时防治枣树病虫害，保证树体健壮生长，是夺取枣果丰收的关键。

枣树主要病害

枣锈病

(1)发生特点。枣锈病由真菌引起，果实膨大期发生大量落叶，该病主要为害叶片，有时也侵害果实。受害叶片背面散生淡绿色小点，后渐变为淡灰褐色，最后病斑变黄褐色，产生突起的夏孢子堆。在叶片正面对着夏孢子堆的地方，出现不规则的褐绿色小斑点，逐渐失去光泽变为黄褐色角斑。

病菌多在病叶上越冬。6月下旬降雨后，越冬的孢子开始萌芽侵入叶片，7月中旬开始发病，8—9月病菌不断进行再侵染，受害严重的叶片开始大量落叶。多雨、高湿是枣锈病发生流行的主要条件。

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