单片机有哪些类型，有几个个引脚，说一下型号 单片机主机有哪些类型
51\u5355\u7247\u673a \u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u4e86\u3000\u300051\u5355\u7247\u673a\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\u975e\u5e38\u591a\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\uff1a
\u3000\u30001\uff0cIntel(\u82f1\u7279\u5c14)\u7684\uff1a80C31\u300180C51\u300187C51\uff0c80C32\u300180C52\u300187C52\u7b49\uff1b
\u3000\u30002\uff0cATMEL(\u827e\u5fb7\u6885\u5c14)\u7684\uff1a89C51\u300189C52\u300189C2051\uff0c89S51\uff08RC\uff09\uff0c89S52\uff08RC\uff09\u7b49\uff1b
\u3000\u30003\uff0cPhilips(\u98de\u5229\u6d66)\u3001\u534e\u90a6\u3001Dallas(\u62c9\u8fbe\u65af)\u3001Siemens(\u897f\u95e8\u5b50)\u7b49\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u4ea7\u54c1\uff1b
\u3000\u30004\uff0cSTC(\u56fd\u4ea7\u5b8f\u6676)\u5355\u7247\u673a\uff1a89c51\u300189c52\u300189c516\u300190c516\u7b49\u4f17\u591a\u54c1\u724c\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u5173\u4e8e51\u5355\u7247\u673a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff1b
\u3000\u30001\uff0c8\u4f4dCPU\u00b74kbytes\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b58\u50a8\u5668(ROM) (52\u4e3a8K)\uff1b
\u3000\u30002\uff0c128bytes\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5668(RAM) \uff0852\u6709256bytes\u7684RAM\uff09\uff1b
\u3000\u30003\uff0c32\u6761I/O\u53e3\u7ebf\u00b7111\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4e3a\u5355\u5b57\u8282\u6307\u4ee4\uff1b
\u3000\u30004\uff0c21\u4e2a\u4e13\u7528\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff1b
\u3000\u30005\uff0c2\u4e2a\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u5b9a\u65f6/\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u00b75\u4e2a\u4e2d\u65ad\u6e90\uff0c2\u4e2a\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff0852\u67096\u4e2a\uff09\uff1b
\u3000\u30006\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u4e32\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u53e3\uff1b
\u3000\u30007\uff0c\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u5bfb\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e3a64kB\uff1b
\u3000\u30008\uff0c\u5916\u90e8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u5bfb\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e3a64kB\uff1b
\u3000\u30009\uff0c\u903b\u8f91\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f4d\u5bfb\u5740\u529f\u80fd\u00b7\u53cc\u5217\u76f4\u63d240PinDIP\u5c01\u88c5\uff1b
\u3000\u300010\uff0c\u5355\u4e00+5V\u7535\u6e90\u4f9b\u7535\uff1b
\u3000\u300011\uff0cCPU\uff1a\u7531\u8fd0\u7b97\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u903b\u8f91\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u4e2d\u65ad\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u90e8\u5206\u5916\u90e8\u7279\u6b8a\u529f\u80fd\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff1b
\u3000\u300012\uff0cRAM\uff1a\u7528\u4ee5\u5b58\u653e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bfb\u5199\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5982\u8fd0\u7b97\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u7ed3\u679c\u3001\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b32\u663e\u793a\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1b
\u3000\u300013\uff0cROM\uff1a\u7528\u4ee5\u5b58\u653e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3001\u4e00\u4e9b\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u548c\u8868\u683c\uff1b
\u3000\u300014\uff0cI/O\u53e3\uff1a\u56db\u4e2a8\u4f4d\u5e76\u884cI/O\u53e3\uff0c\u65e2\u53ef\u7528\u4f5c\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u4f5c\u8f93\u51fa
\u3000\u300015\uff0cT/C\uff1a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b9a\u65f6/\u8bb0\u6570\u5668\uff0c\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u5b9a\u65f6\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u8bb0\u6570\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1b
\u3000\u300016\uff0c\u4e94\u4e2a\u4e2d\u65ad\u6e90\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1b
\u3000\u300017\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u53cc\u5de5UART\uff08\u901a\u7528\u5f02\u6b65\u63a5\u6536\u53d1\u9001\u5668\uff09\u7684\u4e32\u884cI/O\u53e3\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u5355\u7247\u673a\u4e4b\u95f4\u6216\u5355\u7247\u673a\u4e0e\u5fae\u673a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e32\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\uff1b
\u3000\u300018\uff0c\u7247\u5185\u632f\u8361\u5668\u548c\u65f6\u949f\u4ea7\u751f\u7535\u8def\uff0c\u77f3\u82f1\u6676\u4f53\u548c\u5fae\u8c03\u7535\u5bb9\u9700\u8981\u5916\u63a5\u3002\u6700\u4f73\u632f\u8361\u9891\u7387\u4e3a6M\u201412M\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u5173\u4e8e51\u5355\u7247\u673a\uff1b
\u3000\u300051\u5355\u7247\u673a\u662f\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u517c\u5bb9Intel 8031\u6307\u4ee4\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5355\u7247\u673a\u7684\u7edf\u79f0\u3002\u8be5\u7cfb\u5217\u5355\u7247\u673a\u7684\u59cb\u7956\u662fIntel\u76848004\u5355\u7247\u673a\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u968f\u7740Flash rom\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c8004\u5355\u7247\u673a\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u957f\u8db3\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5e94\u7528\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u76848\u4f4d\u5355\u7247\u673a\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5176\u4ee3\u8868\u578b\u53f7\u662fATMEL\u516c\u53f8\u7684AT89\u7cfb\u5217\uff0c\u5b83\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5de5\u4e1a\u6d4b\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u516c\u53f8\u90fd\u670951\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u673a\u578b\u63a8\u51fa\uff0c\u4eca\u540e\u5f88\u957f\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5c06\u5360\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u5e02\u573a\u300251\u5355\u7247\u673a\u662f\u57fa\u7840\u5165\u95e8\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u7247\u673a\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f51\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u5355\u7247\u673a\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u81ea\u7f16\u7a0b\u80fd\u529b\u3002
\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u6210\u5728\u4e00\u5757\u82af\u7247\u4e0a\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u529f\u80fd\u96c6\u6210\u5728\u4e00\u5757\u5c0f\u82af\u7247\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90e8\u4ef6\uff1aCPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u5185\u90e8\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u603b\u7ebf\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5177\u6709\u5916\u5b58\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u96c6\u6210\u8bf8\u5982\u901a\u8baf\u63a5\u53e3\u3001\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668\uff0c\u5b9e\u65f6\u65f6\u949f\u7b49\u5916\u56f4\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u800c\u73b0\u5728\u6700\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5355\u7247\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u58f0\u97f3\u3001\u56fe\u50cf\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u7cfb\u7edf\u96c6\u6210\u5728\u4e00\u5757\u82af\u7247\u4e0a\u3002
\u5355\u7247\u673a\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5fae\u63a7\u5236\u5668\uff08Microcontroler\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6700\u65e9\u88ab\u7528\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\u9886\u57df\u3002\u5355\u7247\u673a\u7531\u82af\u7247\u5185\u4ec5\u6709CPU\u7684\u4e13\u7528\u5904\u7406\u5668\u53d1\u5c55\u800c\u6765\u3002\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u5ff5\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u5927\u91cf\u5916\u56f4\u8bbe\u5907\u548cCPU\u96c6\u6210\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u82af\u7247\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u66f4\u5c0f\uff0c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u96c6\u6210\u8fdb\u590d\u6742\u7684\u800c\u5bf9\u63d0\u53ca\u8981\u6c42\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u8bbe\u5907\u5f53\u4e2d\u3002INTEL\u7684Z80\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u79cd\u601d\u60f3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff0c\u4ece\u6b64\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5355\u7247\u673a\u548c\u4e13\u7528\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4fbf\u5206\u9053\u626c\u9573\u3002
\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5355\u7247\u673a\u90fd\u662f8\u4f4d\u62164\u4f4d\u7684\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u6210\u529f\u7684\u662fINTEL\u76848031\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b80\u5355\u53ef\u9760\u800c\u6027\u80fd\u4e0d\u9519\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u597d\u8bc4\u3002\u6b64\u540e\u57288031\u4e0a\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e86MCS51\u7cfb\u5217\u5355\u7247\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5355\u7247\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f4\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u8fd8\u5728\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5de5\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\u9886\u57df\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8616\u4f4d\u5355\u7247\u673a\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u4e3a\u6027\u4ef7\u6bd4\u4e0d\u7406\u60f3\u5e76\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u5f88\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u300290\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\u968f\u7740\u6d88\u8d39\u7535\u5b50\u4ea7\u54c1\u5927\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5355\u7247\u673a\u6280\u672f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u968f\u7740INTEL i960\u7cfb\u5217\u7279\u522b\u662f\u540e\u6765\u7684ARM\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\uff0c32\u4f4d\u5355\u7247\u673a\u8fc5\u901f\u53d6\u4ee316\u4f4d\u5355\u7247\u673a\u7684\u9ad8\u7aef\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fdb\u5165\u4e3b\u6d41\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u800c\u4f20\u7edf\u76848\u4f4d\u5355\u7247\u673a\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u98de\u901f\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u6bd4\u8d7780\u5e74\u4ee3\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u6570\u767e\u500d\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u9ad8\u7aef\u768432\u4f4d\u5355\u7247\u673a\u4e3b\u9891\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d85\u8fc7300MHz\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u76f4\u8ffd90\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u7684\u4e13\u7528\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u666e\u901a\u7684\u578b\u53f7\u51fa\u5382\u4ef7\u683c\u8dcc\u843d\u81f31\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u7aef\u7684\u578b\u53f7\u4e5f\u53ea\u670910\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u5f53\u4ee3\u5355\u7247\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u518d\u53ea\u5728\u88f8\u673a\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u4e13\u7528\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u5168\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u5355\u7247\u673a\u4e0a\u3002\u800c\u5728\u4f5c\u4e3a\u638c\u4e0a\u7535\u8111\u548c\u624b\u673a\u6838\u5fc3\u5904\u7406\u7684\u9ad8\u7aef\u5355\u7247\u673a\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e13\u7528\u7684Windows\u548cLinux\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002
\u5355\u7247\u673a\u6bd4\u4e13\u7528\u5904\u7406\u5668\u6700\u9002\u5408\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6700\u591a\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u5355\u7247\u673a\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6570\u91cf\u6700\u591a\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u6240\u7528\u7684\u51e0\u4e4e\u6bcf\u4ef6\u7535\u5b50\u548c\u673a\u68b0\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e2d\u90fd\u4f1a\u96c6\u6210\u6709\u5355\u7247\u673a\u3002\u624b\u673a\u3001\u7535\u8bdd\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668\u3001\u5bb6\u7528\u7535\u5668\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u73a9\u5177\u3001\u638c\u4e0a\u7535\u8111\u4ee5\u53ca\u9f20\u6807\u7b49\u7535\u8111\u914d\u4ef6\u4e2d\u90fd\u914d\u67091-2\u90e8\u5355\u7247\u673a\u3002\u800c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7535\u8111\u4e2d\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6709\u4e3a\u6570\u4e0d\u5c11\u7684\u5355\u7247\u673a\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6c7d\u8f66\u4e0a\u4e00\u822c\u914d\u590740\u591a\u90e8\u5355\u7247\u673a\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u6570\u767e\u53f0\u5355\u7247\u673a\u5728\u540c\u65f6\u5de5\u4f5c\uff01\u5355\u7247\u673a\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7PC\u673a\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u7efc\u5408\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6bd4\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u8fd8\u8981\u591a\u3002
\u5355\u7247\u673a\u4ecb\u7ecd
[\u7f16\u8f91\u672c\u6bb5]
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ORG 0000H
LJMP START
ORG 040H
START\uff1a
MOV SP\uff0c#5FH ;\u8bbe\u5806\u6808
LOOP\uff1a
NOP
LJMP LOOP \uff1b\u5faa\u73af
END \uff1b\u7ed3\u675f
\u5355\u7247\u673a\u5b66\u4e60
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\u2475 VSS - \u63a5\u5730\u7aef\uff1b
\u6ce8\uff1a\u7528\u4e07\u7528\u8868\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5355\u7247\u673a\u5f15\u811a\u7535\u6d41\u4e00\u822c\u4e3a0v\u6216\u80055v\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u7684TTL\u7535\u5e73\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u5728\u5355\u7247\u673a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6b63\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\u5019\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\u800c\u662f\u4ecb\u4e8e0v-5v\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u8fd9\u4e4b\u662f\u4e07\u7528\u8868\u53cd\u6620\u6ca1\u8fd9\u4e48\u5feb\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u77ac\u95f4\u5355\u7247\u673a\u5f15\u811a\u7535\u6d41\u8fd8\u662f\u4fdd\u6301\u57280v\u6216\u80055v\u7684\u3002
\u2489 \u65f6\u949f:XTAL1\u3001XTAL2 - \u6676\u4f53\u632f\u8361\u7535\u8def\u53cd\u76f8\u8f93\u5165\u7aef\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u7aef\u3002
\u248a \u63a7\u5236\u7ebf:\u63a7\u5236\u7ebf\u5171\u67094\u6839\uff0c
\u2474 ALE/PROG:\u5730\u5740\u9501\u5b58\u5141\u8bb8/\u7247\u5185EPROM\u7f16\u7a0b\u8109\u51b2
\u2460 ALE\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u7528\u6765\u9501\u5b58P0\u53e3\u9001\u51fa\u7684\u4f4e8\u4f4d\u5730\u5740
\u2461 PROG\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u7247\u5185\u6709EPROM\u7684\u82af\u7247\uff0c\u5728EPROM\u7f16\u7a0b\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6b64\u5f15\u811a\u8f93\u5165\u7f16\u7a0b\u8109\u51b2\u3002
\u2475 PSEN:\u5916ROM\u8bfb\u9009\u901a\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002
\u2476 RST/VPD:\u590d\u4f4d/\u5907\u7528\u7535\u6e90\u3002
\u2460 RST\uff08Reset\uff09\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u590d\u4f4d\u4fe1\u53f7\u8f93\u5165\u7aef\u3002
\u2461 VPD\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u5728Vcc\u6389\u7535\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u63a5\u5907\u7528\u7535\u6e90\u3002
\u2477 EA/Vpp:\u5185\u5916ROM\u9009\u62e9/\u7247\u5185EPROM\u7f16\u7a0b\u7535\u6e90\u3002
\u2460 EA\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u5185\u5916ROM\u9009\u62e9\u7aef\u3002
\u2461 Vpp\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u7247\u5185\u6709EPROM\u7684\u82af\u7247\uff0c\u5728EPROM\u7f16\u7a0b\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u65bd\u52a0\u7f16\u7a0b\u7535\u6e90Vpp\u3002
\u248b I/O\u7ebf
80C51\u5171\u67094\u4e2a8\u4f4d\u5e76\u884cI/O\u7aef\u53e3\uff1aP0\u3001P1\u3001P2\u3001P3\u53e3\uff0c\u517132\u4e2a\u5f15\u811a\u3002
P3\u53e3\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u7b2c\u4e8c\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u7279\u6b8a\u4fe1\u53f7\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u53f7\uff08\u5c5e\u63a7\u5236\u603b\u7ebf\uff09
比如51系列的有2051只有2个P口，普通的51为4个P口，还有的同一个型号但又有不同规格比如STC12C5A60S2，有4个P口的，有5个P口的，有40、44、48脚等多种。
比如 STC1F2K60S2 有 28脚、32脚、40脚、44脚
比如 STC 系列的 有 8脚、16脚、20脚、28脚、32脚、40脚、44脚。
可以去 STC 官网看看。
40 型号80C51
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