醇变成酸需要醇满足什么条件
\u9187\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u53d8\u6210\u9178\u5417?\u5148\u6c27\u5316\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u751f\u6210\u7684\u662f\u919b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u518d\u6c27\u5316\uff0c\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u9178\u3002
\u5982\u679c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u662f\u916e\u5c31\u4e0d\u884c\u4e86\uff0c\u8981\u770b\u7f9f\u57fa\uff08-OH\uff09\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u5404\u79cd\u74f6\u88c5\u9152\u7684\u5b58\u653e\u65f6\u95f4
\u3000\u3000\u767d\u9152\u7684\u9152\u5ea6\u6570\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e0d\u6613\u53d8\u8d28\uff0c\u4f46\u6e17\u900f\u529b\u5f3a\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u74f6\u88c5\u767d\u9152\uff0c\u57280-30\u5ea6\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4fdd\u63011\u5e74\u4e0d\u6d51\u6d4a\u3001\u4e0d\u6c89\u6dc0\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u5564\u9152\u7684\u9152\u7cbe\u542b\u91cf\u5f88\u4f4e\uff0c\u542b\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\uff0c\u53d7\u70ed\u3001\u53d7\u51bb\u3001\u63a5\u89e6\u7a7a\u6c14\uff0c\u90fd\u6613\u9020\u6210\u6d51\u6d4a\u3001\u6c89\u6dc0\u3001\u53d8\u8d28\u3002\u719f\u5564\u9152\u57285-25\u5ea6\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u8d2e\u5b583-4\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u9c9c\u5564\u9152\u5728\u540c\u6837\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e0b\u8d2e\u5b58\u671f\u4e3a7\u5929\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u8461\u8404\u9152\u3001\u679c\u9732\u9152\u542b\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7cd6\u5206\u548c\u9178\u5ea6\uff0c\u6e29\u5ea6\u9aa4\u5347\u9aa4\u964d\u90fd\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u6d51\u6d4a\u3001\u6c89\u6dc0\u3002\u57285-25\u5ea6\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5176\u7a33\u5b9a\u671f\u4e3a6\u4e2a\u6708\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u5404\u79cd\u6c7d\u9152\u3001\u9999\u69df\u9152\u57285-20\u5ea6\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c3\u4e2a\u6708\u5185\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u6d51\u6d4a\u3001\u6c89\u6dc0\u3002
\u3000\u3000------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\u3000\u3000\u4e13\u5bb6\u89e3\u8bfb\u5bfc\u8bed\uff1a
\u3000\u3000\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u9648\u917f\u8001\u9152\u591a\u4e86\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u9152\u5382\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bc1\u660e\u81ea\u5bb6\u7684\u9152\u624d\u662f\u4e0a\u4e58\u7f8e\u9152\uff0c\u7eb7\u7eb7\u6253\u51fa\u4e86\u9648\u917f\u7684\u62db\u724c\u6765\u535a\u5f97\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684\u9752\u7750\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9152\u7684\u9648\u917f\u5e74\u5934\u591a\u81f3\u767e\u5e74\u3001\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u5c11\u5219\u4e5f\u6709\u4e94\u516d\u5e74\u3002\u4ec5\u770b\u65f6\u95f4\u6211\u4eec\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5c31\u80fd\u95fb\u5230\u90a3\u9189\u4eba\u7684\u9152\u9999\uff0c\u53ef\u6709\u4eba\u4e0d\u7ecf\u8981\u95ee\uff0c\u8fd9\u9152\u5382\u7684\u5e74\u9f84\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5982\u9152\u5462\uff0c\u53c8\u54ea\u6765\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u7684\u9648\u5e74\u8001\u917f\uff1f
\u3000\u3000\u4fd7\u8bdd\u8bf4:\u59dc\u662f\u8001\u7684\u8fa3\uff0c\u9152\u662f\u9648\u7684\u9999\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u597d\u9152\u5927\u591a\u90fd\u662f\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u9648\u917f\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u7ecf\u8fc7\u9648\u917f\u7684\u9152\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5177\u5907\u7f8e\u9152\u7684\u54c1\u8d28\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u519c\u4e1a\u5927\u5b66\u97e9\u5317\u5fe0\u535a\u58eb\u4f5c\u4e3a\u98df\u54c1\u751f\u7269\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u5bf9\u9152\u7684\u917f\u9020\u5341\u5206\u4e86\u89e3.
\u3000\u3000\u9648\u917f\u662f\u84b8\u998f\u9152\u751f\u4ea7\u5fc5\u987b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b,\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bb2,\u84b8\u998f\u9152\u521a\u84b8\u51fa\u6765\u4ee5\u540e,\u5b83\u7684\u611f\u5b98\u8d28\u91cf\u6bd4\u8f83\u5dee\u4e00\u4e9b,\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u5b83\u7684\u9999\u6c14\u4e0d\u592a\u6b63,\u6ecb\u5473\u4e5f\u4e0d\u597d,\u4e5f\u5c31\u8bf4\u559d\u8d77\u6765\u6709\u4e9b\u8f9b\u8fa3\u7684\u611f\u89c9,\u901a\u5e38\u8001\u767e\u59d3\u8bb2\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u51b2\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5fc5\u987b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u50a8\u5b58\u4ee5\u540e,\u9648\u917f\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u8ba9\u9152\u5185\u7684\u6210\u5206\u8d8b\u4e8e\u534f\u8c03\u4e00\u81f4,\u800c\u4e14\u9152\u7684\u9999\u6c14\u5f97\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0,\u800c\u4e14\u6ecb\u5473\u4e5f\u53d8\u7684\u67d4\u548c,\u76f8\u5e94\u9152\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u4e0a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u9648\u917f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8.
\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u767d\u9152\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u5e74\u4efd\u957f\u77ed\u6765\u5b9a\u4ef7.\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u88ab\u5382\u5bb6\u5ba3\u4f20\u4e3a\u517c\u5907\u60a0\u4e45\u5386\u53f2,\u6d53\u539a\u6587\u5316\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u9ad8\u4ef7\u4f4d\u9648\u917f\u9152,\u5728\u7cbe\u7f8e\u7684\u5305\u88c5\u91cc\u9762\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u767e\u7684\u9648\u5e74\u8001\u9152\u5462?
\u3000\u3000\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5546\u5bb6\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fdb\u884c\u5ba3\u4f20,\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u54c1\u724c\u5305\u88c5\u4e0a\u90fd\u6253\u6709,\u5341\u5e74\u9648\u917f,\u751a\u81f3\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u9648\u917f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7,\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bf9\u84b8\u998f\u9152\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\u7684.\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5305\u88c5\u4e0a\u5199\u7684\u9648\u917f\u4e09\u5341\u5e74,\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u8fd9\u74f6\u9152\u91cc\u9762\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u7269,\u90fd\u662f\u50a8\u5b58\u4e09\u5341\u5e74,\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u8bf4\u5728\u8fd9\u74f6\u9152\u4e2d\u52fe\u5151\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u9648\u917f\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u9152\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u901a\u7528\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u90e8\u95e8\u6765\u68c0\u6d4b\u9152\u4e2d\u7684\u9648\u917f\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u68c0\u6d4b\u9648\u917f\u7684\u5e74\u4efd\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5404\u9152\u5382\u5728\u4ea7\u54c1\u5305\u88c5\u4e0a\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6ce8\u660e\u9648\u917f\u7684\u542b\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e9b\u9152\u5382\u8fde\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u53d1\u9175\u6c60\u548c\u5236\u9152\u8f66\u95f4\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\uff0c\u5374\u80fd\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u9648\u917f\u9152\u6765\u3002\u636e\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u8fd1\u51e0\u5e74\u767d\u9152\u7684\u5e74\u9500\u91cf\u90fd\u7ef4\u6301\u5728\u4e03\u3001\u516b\u767e\u4e07\u5428\uff0c\u9648\u917f\u9152\u5360\u6709\u5176\u4e2d\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f46\u5c31\u5176\u4ea7\u91cf\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u7a96\u5b58\u7684\u9648\u917f\u8fdc\u8fdc\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0d\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9648\u917f\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u662f\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9152\u4e2d\u7684\u8c03\u5473\u5242\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u9648\u917f30\u5e74\u7684\u9152\u6210\u672c\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u7684,\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e0b,\u4e00\u822c\u8bf4\u5e74\u4ea71\u4e07\u5428\u7684\u767d\u9152,\u5b83\u9700\u8981100\u5428\u7684\u7f50\u9700\u8981100\u4e2a,\u5047\u5982\u8fd9100\u5428\u7684\u7f50100\u4e2a\u90fd\u8981\u9648\u917f30\u5e74,\u8fd9\u5c31\u898130\u500d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u65e0\u8bba\u4ece\u50a8\u9152\u5360\u5730\u9762\u79ef\u4e0a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e8e30\u5e74\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6709\u4e9b\u635f\u8017\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u635f\u5931\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u9152\u7684\u6210\u672c\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8,\u6240\u4ee5\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8(\u8981)\u964d\u4f4e\u6210\u672c,\u6240\u4ee5\u76ee\u524d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u9648\u917f\u9152\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bd4\u598230\u5e74\u7684\u9152\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u52a0\u6709\u90e8\u5206(\u9648\u917f\u9152\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u4e9b\u5382\u5bb6\u5728\u9500\u552e\u9648\u917f\u9152\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u544a\u8bc9\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9152\u5728\u5bb6\u4e2d\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ecd\u65e7\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u9648\u917f\u6548\u679c\u3002\u4e13\u5bb6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5df2\u7ecf\u51fa\u5382\u7684\u767d\u9152,\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5728\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5bb6\u4e2d\u50a8\u5b58\u4e86\u518d\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4,\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u9648\u917f\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u50cf\u6709\u4e9b\u5546\u5bb6\u5ba3\u4f20\u7684\u5df2\u9500\u552e\u7684\u767d\u9152\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9648\u917f\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u9648\u917f\u662f\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u73af\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u7684,\u4e5f\u5c31\u8bf4\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6e7f\u5ea6,\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5bb9\u5668\u8981\u6c42,\u8fd9\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e0a\u4e86\u8d27\u67b6\uff0c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u4e70\u56de\u5bb6\u91cc\uff0c\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc\u9152\u67dc\u91cc\u653e\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u50a8\u5b58\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6548\u679c\u5e94\u8be5\u8fbe\u4e0d\u5230\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u9648\u917f\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u767d\u9152\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4fdd\u8d28\u671f\u7684,\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u9152\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8d8a\u957f\u5c31\u8d8a\u597d,\u666e\u901a\u9999\u578b\u7684\u767d\u9152\u52305\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u53e3\u5473\u53d8\u6de1\uff0c\u9999\u5473\u51cf\u5f31\uff1b\u9171\u9999\u578b\u9648\u9152\u662f\u597d\u9152\uff0c\u800c\u5b58\u653e\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u6d53\u9999\u9152\u662f\u5426\u662f\u597d\u9152\u76ee\u524d\u8fd8\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u4e0d\u8981\u4e00\u5473\u7684\u53ea\u8003\u8651\u5e74\u4efd\uff0c\u66f4\u5e94\u8be5\u6ce8\u91cd\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u53e3\u611f\uff0c\u8981\u4ece\u8272\u3001\u9999\u3001\u5473\u7b49\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u9274\u522b\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7f8e\u9152\u3002
而且相邻的那个碳上还要有2个或者3个氢。。。
绛旓細閱囧姞鍏ラ珮閿伴吀閽惧彲浠ユ哀鍖栨垚閰革紝O琛ㄧず瀛樺湪姘у寲鍓傘涓鑸殑閱囷紝缇熷熀涓庝竴涓ケ鍜岀殑锛宻p3鏉傚寲鐨勭⒊鍘熷瓙鐩歌繛銆傞厷鐨勭緹鍩轰笌鑻幆鐩歌繛锛岀儻閱囩緹鍩轰笌sp2鏉傚寲鐨勭儻绫荤⒊鐩歌繛銆傞厷涓庣儻閱囦笌涓鑸殑閱囨ц川涓婃湁杈冨ぇ宸紓銆傛牴鎹緹鍩烘墍杩炵緹鍩虹殑绉嶇被锛屽垎涓鸿剛鑲唶銆佽剛鐜唶鍜岃姵棣欓唶銆傝剛鑲唶鍙堟牴鎹儍鍩洪儴鍒嗘槸鍚﹀惈鏈変笉楗卞拰閿屽垎涓洪ケ鍜...
绛旓細鍙兘璇寸⒊閾鹃《绔殑閱囩緹鍩烘墠鍙互銆傘傘傚鏋滀笉鏄《绔氨鏄叜浜嗐傘傘傝屼笖鐩搁偦鐨勯偅涓⒊涓婅繕瑕佹湁2涓垨鑰3涓阿銆傘傘
绛旓細閱囧彲浠ヨ姘у寲鎴愰啗锛岃姹備笌缇熷熀杩炵殑C涓婅嚦灏戞湁2涓狧锛涢唶閮藉彲浠ヨ姘у寲鎴愰吀
绛旓細閱囩殑姘у寲 鐢ㄩ珮閿伴吀閽炬垨浜屾哀鍖栭敯姘у寲锛氶唶涓嶄负鍐枫佺█銆佷腑鎬х殑楂橀敯閰搁捑鐨勬按婧舵恫鎵姘у寲锛屼竴绾ч唶銆佷簩绾ч唶鍦ㄦ瘮杈冨己鐑堢殑鏉′欢涓嬶紙濡傚姞鐑級鍙姘у寲銆備竴绾ч唶鐢熸垚缇ч吀閽剧洂锛屾憾浜庢按锛屽苟鏈変簩姘у寲閿版矇娣鏋愬嚭锛屼腑鍜屽悗鍙緱缇ч吀銆備簩绾ч唶鍙哀鍖栦负閰備絾鐢变簬浜岀骇閱囩敤楂橀敯閰搁捑姘у寲涓洪叜鏃讹紝鏄撹繘涓姝ユ哀鍖栦娇纰崇⒊閿柇瑁傦紝鏁...
绛旓細涓嶈兘 閱鐐 缁忎袱姝ユ哀鍖 绗竴姝ュ彉涓洪啗閾滀綔鍌寲鍓 绗簩閮ㄥ湪姘у寲鍙樹负閰 褰撶劧閱囦篃鑳借寮烘哀鍖栧墏姘у寲 濡傞珮閿伴吀閽 灏辫兘鐩存帴鍙樹负閰
绛旓細閱囧湪姘ф皵鍜岄噾灞炲偓鍖栧墏浣滅敤涓嬬敓鎴愰啗锛岀劧鍚庨啗琚哀姘旀哀鍖栫敓鎴愰吀锛岃繖鏄閱囩殑鍌寲姘у寲銆傚綋鐒讹紝閱囦篃鍙互琚己姘у寲鍓傛哀鍖栦竴姝鍙樻垚缇ч吀銆
绛旓細鍙互涓姝ュ彉锛屼緥濡傚姞閰告ч珮閿伴吀閽撅紝鍙互鐢遍唶鐩存帴鍙樹负閰 閱囧彉閱涳紝閱涘彉涓洪吀锛歄2锛孋U,鍔犵儹
绛旓細閱姘у寲鎴愰啗鏉′欢鏄偓鍖栧墏 鍔犵儹 R-CH2OH+O2===R-CHO+H2O 姘у寲鎴愰吀鏉′欢鍌寲鍓 鍔犵儹 2R-CHO+O2===2R-COOH
绛旓細閱囧埌閱涘埌閰稿偓鍖栨哀鍖鏉′欢涓嶄竴鏍凤紝閱囩殑鍌寲姘у寲鐢ㄧ殑鍌寲鍓傛槸閾滄垨閾讹紱鏉′欢鏄姞鐑紝鍘熸枡鏄哀姘斻傞唶姘у寲涓洪啗锛岄唶姘у寲涓洪叜锛岄唶锛堢敳閱囷級姘у寲涓虹敳閱涖傛柇閿師鐞嗭細缇熷熀姘㈠拰涓庣緹鍩虹浉杩炵殑纰充笂鐨勬阿涓庢哀姘旂粨鍚堢敓鎴愭按銆傞啗鐨勫偓鍖栨哀鍖栵細鍌寲鍓傛槸閱嬮吀閿帮紱鏉′欢鏄姞鐑紝鍘熸枡鏄哀姘旈啗姘у寲涓虹晶閰搞傛柇閿師鐞嗭細姘т笌缇板熀姘...
绛旓細CHO 锛 2H₂O 鐩稿弽鍦帮紝閱涚殑杩樺師鍙嶅簲鍙敓鎴閱锛屼緥锛氬湪闀嶇矇鍋氬偓鍖栧墏銆佸姞鐑潯浠朵笅锛屽弽搴旀柟绋嬪紡涓猴細CH₃CHO 锛 H₂ 鈫 CH₃CH₂OH銆傞啗鐨勬哀鍖栧弽搴斿嵈鍙敓鎴愮晶閰革紝渚嬶細鍦ㄦ湁鍌寲鍓傚瓨鍦鐨勬潯浠涓嬶紝鍙嶅簲鏂圭▼寮忎负锛2CH₃CHO 锛 O₂鈫 2CH₃COOH ...
