英语的“虚拟语气”应注意什么 英语的虚拟语气具体用法是什么
\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u201c\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u201d\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u6001\u53d8\u5316\uff1f\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14(Subjunctive Mood)\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bed\u6cd5\u9879\u76ee\u662f\u5404\u7c7b\u82f1\u8bed\u8003\u8bd5\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u8868\u793a\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4eba\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u8bdd\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5047\u8bbe\u3001\u613f\u671b\u3001\u6000\u7591\u6216\u63a8\u6d4b\u3002
\u2160\u7528\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u865a\u62df\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14
\u2488 \u7528if\u6761\u4ef6\u4ece\u53e5\u8868\u793a\u7684\u865a\u62df\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u662f\u865a\u62df\u6761\u4ef6\u6700\u666e\u901a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
\u2460 \u865a\u62df\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u73b0\u5728\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5176if \u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u5f62\u5f0f\u7528\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f(be \u4e00\u822c\u7528were)\uff0c\u4e3b\u53e5\u7528would/ should/ could/ might +\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aIf I were in your position I would marry her.
\u2461 \u865a\u62df\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\u662f\u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0cif \u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u5f62\u5f0f\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u5373had\uff0b\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\uff0c\u4e3b\u53e5\u7528would / should / could / might + have +\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aIf it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.
\u2462 \u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u865a\u62df\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e0a\u9762\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u6392\u9664\u5b58\u5728\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u540e\u679c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c\u73b0\u5728\u60c5\u51b5\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c\u8fc7\u53bb\u60c5\u51b5\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aIf you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now.\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u5728\u9ad8\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u9891\u7387\u9887\u9ad8\u3002
\u2463 \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u540e\u679c\u7528\u4e86\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\uff0c\u800c\u6761\u4ef6\u5374\u7528\u9648\u8ff0\u8bed\u6c14\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7528\u6cd5\u662f\u9519\u7684\u3002
\u2489 \u9664\u4e86\u8868\u793a\u865a\u5047\u6761\u4ef6\u5916\uff0cif\u4ece\u53e5\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u63a8\u6d4b\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u662f\u5c06\u6765\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8c08\u4e0d\u4e0a\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u865a\u5047\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u60c5\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u6709\u591a\u5927\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u9648\u8ff0\u8bed\u6c14\u7684if\u4ece\u53e5\u6765\u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u6765\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u63a8\u6d4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u3002If\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u5f62\u5f0f\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f\u6216\u7528were to / should +\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\uff0c\u4e3b\u53e5\u7528would / should /could/ might +\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aJean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.\uff081996\u5e741\u6708\u56db\u7ea7\u7b2c44\u9898\uff09
\u248a \u6709\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u542b\u6709\u52a9\u52a8\u8bcd\u3001\u60c5\u6001\u52a8\u8bcd\u3001be\u6216have\u7684\u865a\u62df\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u8fde\u8bcdif \u7701\u53bb\uff0c\u800c\u5c06had , should, were \u7b49\u8bcd\u63d0\u5230\u4e3b\u8bed\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5373\u7528\u5012\u88c5\u7ed3\u6784,\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u73b0not\u7b49\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd\uff0c\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcd\u9700\u653e\u5728\u4e3b\u8bed\u540e\u9762\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u5728\u53e3\u8bed\u4e2d\u5f88\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u9891\u9891\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5404\u7c7b\u8003\u8bd5\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aIf it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.\u2192Had it not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis.
\u248b \u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u865a\u62df\u6761\u4ef6\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u8bb2\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e2a\u522b\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ecb\u8bcdwithout\u548c\u4ecb\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bedbut for\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u526f\u8bcdotherwise\u7b49\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aWe didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.\uff081995\u5e746\u6708\u56db\u7ea7\u7b2c46\u9898\uff09\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5305\u542bbut for\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u5fc5\u5b9a\u8981\u7528\u865a\u62df\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u5305\u542bwithout\u7b49\u77ed\u8bed\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u672a\u5fc5\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u3002
\u248c \u6709\u65f6\u865a\u62df\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0d\u662f\u660e\u786e\u5730\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u8574\u542b\u5728\u7528but\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u4ece\u53e5\u91cc\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4fbf\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u6709\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u662f\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u7684\u4e3b\u53e5\u52a0\u4e0a\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u662f\u9648\u8ff0\u8bed\u6c14\u7684but\u4ece\u53e5\u6784\u6210\u7684\u5e76\u5217\u590d\u5408\u53e5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982I would have hung you but the telephone was out of order.\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u91cc\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u53e5\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ece\u53e5\u7528\u4e86\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u9519\u7684\u3002
\u2161\u7528\u5728\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14
\u2488 \u5728\u8868\u793a\u613f\u671b\u7684\u52a8\u8bcdwish\u540e\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u3002\uff08wish\u540e\u7684that \u5e38\u7701\u7565\uff09\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4e3b\u53e5\u65f6\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u65f6\u6001\u76f8\u5e94\u9000\u540e\u4e00\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aHow she wished his family could go with him.
\u2489 \u5728\u5177\u6709\u613f\u671b\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u5efa\u8bae\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u4e3b\u89c2\u610f\u613f\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd(desire, demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propose, order, recommend, decide \u2026) \u540e\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u9700\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u3002\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528(should) +\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5426\u5b9a\u8bcdnot\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5e94\u5728\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aThe head nurse insisted that the patient not be move.\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5982suggest\u8868\u8fbe\u201c\u6697\u793a\u201d\uff0cinsist\u8868\u793a\u201c\u575a\u6301\u67d0\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7684\u4ece\u53e5\u4e0d\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aHer pale face suggests that she is ill.\u6216He insisted that he did not kill the boy.
\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e5f\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u865a\u62df\u5f0f
\u2460 \u5728It is+\u4e0a\u8ff0\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd\uff0c\u5176\u540e\u6240\u8ddf\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982It is suggested that pupils wear school uniforms.
\u2461 \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u52a8\u8bcd\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed+\u8fde\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u5176\u540e\u7684\u8868\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982His suggestion was that classed be re-scheduled.
\u2462 \u5728\u5bf9\u4e0a\u8ff0\u52a8\u8bcd\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\uff1aThe workers raised the demand that their pay be increased to cope with the inflation.
\u248a would \uff08had\uff09rather , would sooner\u4e5f\u7528\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u4e3b\u89c2\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u9700\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u3002\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u73b0\u5728\u6216\u5c06\u6765\uff0c\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aI would rather he went right now.
\u2162\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14
\u2488 it is +necessary\u7b49\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u540e\uff0cthat\u4e3b\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u865a\u62df\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u5305\u62ecnecessary, important, essential, imperative, urgent, preferable, vital, advisable\u7b49\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982It is necessary that you listen to the teacher carefully.\u6216\u8005It is essential that you be able to pronounce every single word correctly.
\u2489 \u5728It's (high/about) time \u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u9700\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u3002\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982It is high time that you went to school
\u248a \u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u5728as if / as though \u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff08\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0ewish\u540e\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u57fa\u672c\u76f8\u540c\uff09\u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u73b0\u5728\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\u6216\u5bf9\u73b0\u5728\u60c5\u51b5\u6709\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aHe felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened. \u8868\u793a\u8fc7\u53bb\u60f3\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u6216\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u5f0f\u3002
\u248b \u5728lest \u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u591a\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\uff0c(should )+ \u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.\uff081998\u5e741\u6708\u56db\u7ea7\u7b2c38\u9898\uff09
\u248c \u5728if only \u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u611f\u53f9\u53e5\u4e2d\u9700\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u3002\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f0f\u6216\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I had followed your advice.
\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14
1\uff09 \u6982\u5ff5
\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u7528\u6765\u8868\u793a\u9ad8\u8003\u8d44\u6e90\u7f51\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u613f\u671b\u6216\u5047\u60f3\uff0c\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u6216\u4e0e\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\u3002
2\uff09 \u5728\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528
\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b\uff0c\u4e00\u7c7b\u4e3a\u771f\u5b9e\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5\uff0c\u4e00\u7c7b\u4e3a\u975e\u771f\u5b9e\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5\u3002\u975e\u771f\u5b9e\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5\u8868\u793a\u7684\u662f\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u6216\u5b9e\u9645\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4e0d\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6545\u91c7\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u3002
w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
\u771f\u5b9e\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5
\u771f\u5b9e\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5\u7528\u4e8e\u9648\u8ff0\u8bed\u6c14\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d if \u662f\u5982\u679c\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002
\u65f6\u6001\u5173\u7cfb
\u53e5\u578b\uff1a \u6761\u4ef6\u4ece\u53e5\u4e3b\u53e5
\u4e00\u822c\u73b0\u5728\u65f6 shall/will + \u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62
If he comes, he will bring his violin.
\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u9898
The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A.will rainB. rainsC. rainedD. is rained
\u7b54\u6848B\u3002\u771f\u5b9e\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5\u4e3b\u53e5\u4e3a\u5c06\u6765\u65f6\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\u3002
\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a
1\uff09 \u5728\u771f\u5b9e\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u53e5\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528be going to\u8868\u793a\u5c06\u6765\uff0c\u8be5\u7528shall, will.
(\u9519) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.
(\u5bf9) If you leave now, you will never regret it.
2\uff09 \u8868\u793a\u771f\u7406\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3b\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u4fbf\u4e0d\u7528shall (will) +\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\uff0c\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u73b0\u5728\u65f6\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002
w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
\u975e\u771f\u5b9e\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5
1\uff09\u65f6\u6001\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u548c\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u65f6\u6001\u9000\u540e\u3002
a.\u540c\u73b0\u5728\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u3002
\u53e5\u578b \uff1a \u6761\u4ef6\u4ece\u53e5\u4e3b\u53e5
\u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6should( would) +\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62
If they were here, they would help you.
b.\u8868\u793a\u4e8e\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u3002
\u53e5\u578b\uff1a \u6761\u4ef6\u4ece\u53e5\u4e3b\u53e5
\u8fc7\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6should(would) have+ \u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd
If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.
The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.
If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.
If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.
\u542b\u4e49\uff1aHe did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.
If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress.
\u542b\u4e49\uff1a He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.
c.\u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u5047\u60f3
\u53e5\u578b\uff1a\u6761\u4ef6\u4ece\u53e5 \u4e3b\u53e5
\u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6should+ \u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62
were+ \u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f would + \u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62
should+ \u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62
If you succeeded, everything would be all right.
If you should succeed, everything would be all right.
If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.
w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
\u6df7\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5
\u4e3b\u53e5\u4e0e\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u4e3b\uff0c\u4ece\u53e5\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u5f62\u5f0f\u56e0\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u53eb\u505a\u6df7\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5\u3002
If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.
\uff08\u4ece\u53e5\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4e3b\u53e5\u4e0e\u73b0\u5728\u4e8b\u5b9e\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\uff09
If it had rained last night (\u8fc7\u53bb), it would be very cold today (\u73b0\u5728).
\u865a\u62df\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5\u7684\u5012\u88c5
\u865a\u62df\u6761\u4ef6\u53e5\u7684\u4ece\u53e5\u90e8\u5206\u5982\u679c\u542b\u6709were, should, \u6216had, \u53ef\u5c06if\u7701\u7565\uff0c\u518d\u628awere, should\u6216had \u79fb\u5230\u4ece\u53e5\u53e5\u9996\uff0c\u5b9e\u884c\u5012\u88c5\u3002
Were they here now, they could help us.
=If they were here now, they could help us.
Had you come earlier, you would have met him
=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
Should it rain, the crops would be saved.
=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.
\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a
\u5728\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u7684\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u52a8\u8bcd'be'\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u65f6\u6001\u4e00\u5f8b\u7528"were"\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528was\uff0c \u5373\u5728\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2dbe\u7528were\u4ee3\u66ff\u3002
If I were you, I would go to look for him.
\u5982\u679c\u6211\u662f\u4f60\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53bb\u627e\u4ed6\u3002
If he were here, everything would be all right.
\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u5728\u8fd9\u513f\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u4f1a\u597d\u7684\u3002
\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u9898
_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were I B. I wereC. Were ID. Was I
\u7b54\u6848C. \u5728\u865a\u62df\u6761\u4ef6\u72b6\u8bed\u4e2d\u5982\u679c\u6709were, should, had\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5c06if\u7701\u7565\uff0c\u4e3b\u8bed\u63d0\u524d, \u53d8\u6210 were, should, had +\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u4f46\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5728\u865a\u62df\u6761\u4ef6\u72b6\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u7701\u7565\u8fde\u8bcd\u7684\u5012\u88c5\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u53e5\u9996\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u7f29\u7565\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u8bf4 Were I not to do., \u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4 Weren't I to do.
w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\u8bcd\uff1ashould
1\uff09 It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that\u2026\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u8981\u7528should \u52a0\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\uff0c should \u53ef\u7701\u7565\u3002
\u53e5\u578b\uff1a
(1)suggested
It is(2)importantthat\u2026+ (should) do
(3) a pity
(1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required,demanded, requested, insisted\uff1b + (should) do
(2)important, necessary, natural, strange
a pity,a shame,no wonder
(3)It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.
2\uff09\u5728\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528
\u5728\u8868\u793a\u547d\u4ee4\u3001\u5efa\u8bae\u3001\u8981\u6c42\u7b49\u4e00\u7c7b\u52a8\u8bcd\u540e\u9762\u7684\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u3002
order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do
I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.
\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a \u5982suggest, insist\u4e0d\u8868\u793a"\u5efa\u8bae" \u6216"\u575a\u6301\u8981\u67d0\u4eba\u505a\u67d0\u4e8b\u65f6"\uff0c\u5373\u5b83\u4eec\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u672c\u610f"\u6697\u793a\u3001\u8868\u660e"\u3001"\u575a\u6301\u8ba4\u4e3a"\u65f6\uff0c\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u7528\u9648\u8ff0\u8bed\u6c14\u3002
The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.
\u5224\u65ad\u6539\u9519:
\uff08\u9519\uff09You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.
(\u5bf9)Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
(\u9519)I insisted that you ( should) be wrong.
(\u5bf9)I insisted that you were wrong.
3\uff09\u5728\u8868\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff0c\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528
\u5728suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice\u7b49\u540d\u8bcd\u540e\u9762\u7684\u8868\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u3001\u540c\u4f4d\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u8981\u7528\u865a\u62df\u8bed\u6c14\uff0c\u5373\uff08should\uff09+\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u3002
My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.
I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
2） 在条件句中的应用
条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句.非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气.
1.真实条件句
真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况可能发生,其中 if 是如果的意思.
时态关系
句型：条件从句 主句
一般现在时shall/will + 动词原形
If he comes, he will bring his violin.
典型例题
The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained
答案B.真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时.
注意：
1） 在真实条件句中,主句不能用be going to表示将来,该用shall, will.
(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.
(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.
2） 表示真理时,主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形,而直接用一般现在时的动词形式.
2.非真实条件句
1）时态：可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况.它的基本特点是时态退后.
a. 同现在事实相反的假设.
句型 ： 条件从句 主句
一般过去时 should( would) +动词原形
If they were here, they would help you.
b. 表示于过去事实相反的假设.
句型： 条件从句 主句
过去完成时 should(would) have+ 过去分词
If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.
The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.
If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.
If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.
含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.
If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress.
含义： He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.
c. 表示对将来的假想
句型： 条件从句 主句
一般过去时 should+ 动词原形
were+ 不定式 would + 动词原形
should+ 动词原形
If you succeeded, everything would be all right.
If you should succeed, everything would be all right.
If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.
3.混合条件句
主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主,从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句.
If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.
（从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反.）
If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).
4.虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略,再把were, should或had 移到从句句首,实行倒装.
Were they here now, they could help us.
=If they were here now, they could help us.
Had you come earlier, you would have met him
=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
Should it rain, the crops would be saved.
=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.
注意：
在虚拟语气的从句中,动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were",不用was, 即在从句中be用were代替.
If I were you, I would go to look for him.
如果我是你,就会去找他.
If he were here, everything would be all right.
如果他在这儿,一切都会好的.
典型例题
_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were IB. I were C. Were I D. Was I
答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词,通常将if省略,主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式.但要注意,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式.如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do.
5特殊的虚拟语气词：should
1） It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形, should 可省略.
句型：
(1)suggested
It is (2)important that…+ (should) do
(3) a pity
(1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted； + (should) do
(2)important, necessary, natural, strange
a pity, a shame, no wonder
例：It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.
2）在宾语从句中的应用
在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中.
order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do
I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.
注意： 如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时",即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时,宾语从句用陈述语气.
The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.
判断改错:
（错） You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.
(对) Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
(错) I insisted that you ( should) be wrong.
(对) I insisted that you were wrong.
3）在表语从句,同位语从句中的应用
在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即（should）+动词原形.
My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.
I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
6.wish的用法
1）用于wish后面的从句,表示与事实相反的情况,或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望.其宾语从句的动词形式为：
真实状况 wish后
从句动作先于主句动词动作 过去时 过去完成时
（be的过去式为 were）
从句动作与主句动作同时发生 现在时 过去时
（had + 过去分词）
将来不大可能实现的愿望 将来时 would/could +
动词原形
I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一样高.
He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话.
I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了.
2）Wish to do表达法.
Wish sb / sth to do
I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager.
I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.)
7.比较if only与only if
only if表示"只有"；if only则表示"如果……就好了".If only也可用于陈述语气.
I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了,我才会醒.
If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响了,就好了.
If only he comes early. 但愿他早点回来.
8.It is (high) time that
It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形,但should不可省略.
It is time that the children went to bed.
It is high time that the children should go to bed.
9 need "不必做"和"本不该做"
didn't need to do表示： 过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做..
needn't have done表示： 过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了.
John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didn't need to walk back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她不必步行回家了.
John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she needn't have walked back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她本不必步行回家了. (Mary步行回家,没有遇上John的车.)
典型例题
There was plenty of time. She ___.
A. mustn't have hurried B. couldn't have hurried C. must not hurry D. needn't have hurried
答案D.needn't have done. 意为"本不必",即已经做了某事,而时实际上不必要.
Mustn't have done 用法不正确,对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn't have done, "不可能已经". must not do 不可以（用于一般现在时）.
语气是一种动词形式,用以表示说话者的意图或态度.虚拟语气表示说话者的主观愿望、假想和建议等,所说的话有的与现在事实相反,或与过去事实相反,或与将来事实相反或与将来事实可能相反.所以虚拟语气总是与假设条件句用在一起.除了if条件句外,还有几种常用的条件句,短语也可表示条件.此外,上下文也能创造虚拟的语言环境.但有时条件从句与结果主句可能发生时间不一致,有时虚拟语气会出现倒装情况.除了与条件句在一起使用的主句用虚拟语气外,有些宾语从句或表语从句也有用虚拟语气的情况.
绛旓細鍦ㄩ珮鑰冭嫳璇腑锛铏氭嫙璇皵鐨勪娇鐢ㄩ渶瑕佹敞鎰忎互涓嬪嚑鐐癸細1. 閿欑患鏃堕棿鏉′欢鍙ワ細褰撴潯浠剁姸璇粠鍙ュ拰涓诲彞鏃堕棿涓嶄竴鑷存椂锛岄渶璋冩暣鍔ㄨ瘝褰㈠紡銆備緥濡傦細If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now, graduating in four years....
绛旓細绛旀C. 鍦ㄨ櫄鎷熸潯浠剁姸璇腑濡傛灉鏈墂ere, should, had杩欎笁涓瘝,閫氬父灏唅f鐪佺暐,涓昏鎻愬墠, 鍙樻垚 were, should, had +涓昏鐨勫舰寮.浣瑕佹敞鎰,鍦ㄨ櫄鎷熸潯浠剁姸璇粠鍙ヤ腑,鐪佺暐杩炶瘝鐨勫掕褰㈠紡鐨勫彞棣栦笉鑳界敤鍔ㄨ瘝鐨勭缉鐣ュ舰寮.濡傛垜浠彲璇 Were I not to do., 鑰屼笉鑳借 Weren't I to do.5鐗规畩鐨勮櫄鎷熻姘璇嶏細shoul...
绛旓細鈷 鍦╥f only 寮曡捣鐨勬劅鍙瑰彞涓渶鐢ㄨ櫄鎷熻姘斻璋撹鍔ㄨ瘝鐢ㄨ繃鍘诲紡鎴栬繃鍘诲畬鎴愬紡銆備緥濡傦細 Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I had followed your advice.
绛旓細we would not go climbing.娉ㄦ剰锛氳嫢鐪佺暐鐨勬潯浠跺彞涓殑璋撹鍔ㄨ瘝鏄惁瀹氬舰寮忔椂锛屼笉鑳界敤鍔ㄨ瘝鐨勭缉鐣ュ舰寮銆傚锛氭垜浠彲浠ヨ锛歐ere it not for the expense, I would go abroad now. 浣嗕笉鑳借锛歐eren't it for the expense, I would go abroad now.3锛庣敤浠嬭瘝鐭浠ｆ浛鏉′欢鐘惰浠庡彞銆傚父鐢ㄧ殑浠嬭瘝鏈墂ith, w...
绛旓細l銆佸悕璇嶆т粠鍙ヤ腑瑕佺敤杩囧幓鏃舵垨should+鍔ㄨ瘝鍘熷瀷鏋勬垚铏氭嫙璇皵銆傚锛欼tistimewewenthome.2銆亀ouldrather,hadrather鍚庣殑浠庡彞鍔ㄨ瘝鐢ㄧ浉褰撲簬闄堣堪璇皵鐨勮繃鍘绘椂鏉ヨ〃绀虹幇鍦ㄦ垨灏嗘潵鍙戠敓鐨勫姩浣溿傚锛欼wouldratheryouwentwithher.鎴戝畞鎰夸綘璺熷ス璧般傚彧鏈夊綋wouldrather鍚庨潰鍔ㄤ綔鐨勪富浣撲笌鍓嶉潰涓昏涓鑷存椂鎵嶅彲浠ョ敤涓嶅甫to鐨勫姩璇嶄笉瀹氬紡...
绛旓細娉ㄦ剰: 鍏 鍓瘝鎬т粠鍙ヤ腑鐨勮櫄鎷熻姘 A.as if / though鐢ㄦ硶 铏藉悓wish,浣嗕篃鏈変竴浜涘尯鍒,濡備笅: as if / though浠庡彞鏃舵佷笉鍙椾富鍙ラ檺鍒 銆 鈶犲湪璋堣鐜板湪鎯呭舰鏃剁敤涓鑸繃鍘绘椂銆 鈶″湪璋堣杩囧幓鎯呭舰鏃剁敤: 鈪.涓鑸繃鍘绘椂:琛ㄧず杩囧幓褰撴椂瀛樺湪鐨勬煇绉嶇姸鎬,浣嗚嫢鐘舵佸姩璇嶅悗甯︽湁鎸佺画鐨勬椂闂寸姸璇,鍒瑕佺敤杩囧幓瀹屾垚鏃躲
绛旓細娉ㄦ剰锛氳繖绉嶄粠鍙ヨ〃绀虹殑鏄簨瀹炪傚鏋滆浜哄杩欑浜嬪疄琛ㄧ幇鍑烘儕濂囩殑鎯呮劅锛屽氨鍙敤铏氭嫙璇皵銆傚弽涔嬶紝濡傛灉涓嶈〃绀烘儕濂囩瓑鎯呮劅锛宼hat浠庡彞涔熷彲鐢ㄩ檲杩板彞璇皵銆傚锛欼t is pity that you can鈥檛 swim.3銆佽櫄鎷熻姘斿湪鍏朵粬鍦哄悎鐨勮繍鐢 锛1锛夎櫄鎷熻姘斿湪as if/as though銆乪ven if/even though绛夊紩瀵肩殑琛ㄨ浠庡彞鎴栫姸璇粠鍙ヤ腑锛...
绛旓細娉ㄦ剰锛氬suggest, insist涓嶈〃绀"寤鸿" 鎴"鍧氭寔瑕佹煇浜哄仛鏌愪簨鏃"锛屽嵆瀹冧滑鐢ㄤ簬鍏舵湰鎰"鏆楃ず銆佽〃鏄"銆"鍧氭寔璁や负"鏃讹紝瀹捐浠庡彞鐢ㄩ檲杩拌姘斻3锛夊湪琛ㄨ浠庡彞锛屽悓浣嶈浠庡彞涓殑搴旂敤 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice绛夊悕璇嶅悗闈㈢殑琛ㄨ浠庡彞銆佸悓浣嶈浠庡彞涓瑕佺敤铏氭嫙璇皵锛屽嵆锛坰hould锛+鍔ㄨ瘝鍘熷舰銆倃ish鐨...
绛旓細娉ㄦ剰: 濡俿uggest, insist涓嶈〃绀"寤鸿" 鎴"鍧氭寔瑕鏌愪汉鍋氭煇浜嬫椂",鍗冲畠浠敤浜庡叾鏈剰"鏆楃ず銆佽〃鏄"銆"鍧氭寔璁や负"鏃,瀹捐浠庡彞鐢ㄩ檲杩拌姘斻 The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.鍥涖铏氭嫙璇皵鍦ㄨ〃璇粠鍙,鍚屼綅璇粠鍙ヤ腑鐨勫簲鐢ㄥ湪suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice绛夊悕璇嶅悗闈㈢殑琛ㄨ浠庡彞...
绛旓細褰铏氭嫙鏉′欢鍙ョ殑璋撹鍔ㄨ瘝鍚湁were,should,had鏃讹紝if鍙互鐪佺暐锛岃繖鏃舵潯浠朵粠鍙瑕佺敤鍊掕璇簭锛屽嵆鎶妛ere,should,had绛夎瘝缃簬鍙ラ锛岃繖绉嶅鐢ㄤ簬涔﹂潰璇俥g锛 Should he agree to go there,we would send him there. 瑕佹槸浠栫瓟搴斿幓鐨勮瘽锛屾垜浠氨娲句粬鍘汇 Were she here,she would agree with us. 濡傛灉濂瑰湪...
