实验室有一瓶浓盐酸,瓶上标签内容如图所示,请你根据标签上提供的数据解答下列问题:(1)用40mL该浓盐 (2010?香坊区一模)实验室有一瓶浓盐酸,瓶上标签如图所示...
\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u4e00\u74f6\u6d53\u76d0\u9178\uff0c\u74f6\u4e0a\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f60\u6839\u636e\u6807\u7b7e\u4e0a\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u89e3\u7b54\u4e0b\u5217\u95ee\u9898\uff0e\uff08\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\uff081\uff09\u74f6\u5185\u6d53\u76d0\u9178\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3a\uff1a500mL\u00d71.19g/mL=595g\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u89e3\uff1a\u8bbe\u7a00\u91ca\u621010%\u7684\u76d0\u9178\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3ax\uff0e10mL\u00d71.19g/mL\u00d737%=x\u00d710%x=44.03g \u7b54\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u914d\u5236\u6eb6\u8d28\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6570\u4e3a10%\u7684\u76d0\u9178\u6eb6\u6db244.03g \u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\uff1a\uff081\uff09595g\uff1b\uff082\uff0944.03\uff0e
\uff081\uff09\u89e3\uff1a\u8bbe\u9700\u8981\u8be5\u6d53\u76d0\u9178\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u662f\u4e3am\uff0c\u5219m\u00d736.5%=lOOg\u00d77.3%\uff0c\u6545m=20g\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u2460\u91d1\u5c5e\u4e0e\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u76d0\u548c\u6c34\uff0c\u5728\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e2dM\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a+2\u4ef7\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5176\u6c2f\u5316\u7269\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u5f0f\u4e3aMCl2\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1aM+2HCl\u2550MCl2+H2\u2191\uff1b\u2461\u89e3\uff1a\u8bbe\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u6c22\u6c14\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3axM+2HCl\u2550MCl2+H2\u2191 73 2lOOg\u00d77.3% X=7.3g732=7.3gX \u2462\u6839\u636e\u4fe1\u606f\u201c\u5c06\u6ee4\u6e23\u6d17\u6da4\u3001\u5e72\u71e5\u4e3a13.5g\uff0c\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u5145\u5206\u707c\u70e7\u6b64\u6ee4\u6e23\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u9ed1\u8272\u56fa\u4f53\u7c89\u672b\uff0c\u5c06\u9ed1\u8272\u7c89\u672b\u4e0e\u8db3\u91cf\u7684\u7a00\u786b\u9178\u6df7\u5408\uff0c\u7c89\u672b\u5b8c\u5168\u6eb6\u89e3\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u84dd\u8272\u6eb6\u6db2\u201d\u63a8\u51fa\u6ee4\u6e23\u4e2d\u6709\u94dc\uff0e\u8bbeM\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3aR\uff0c20g-13.5g=6.5g M+2HCl\u2550MCl2+H2\u2191 R 73 6.5g 7.3g R73=6.5g7.3g R=65 \u6240\u4ee5M\u4e3a\u950c\u2463\u89e3\uff1a\u8bbe\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u6c2f\u5316\u950c\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3aY\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u6c22\u6c14\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3aZZn+2HCl\u2550ZnCl2+H2\u2191 73 136 2 7.3g Y Z 73136=7.3gy y=13.6g 732=7.3gz z=0.2g\u53cd\u5e94\u540e\u7684\u6eb6\u6db2\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3alOOg+6.5g-0.2g+29.7g=l36.0g\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u540e\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u6eb6\u8d28\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6570\u4e3a13.6g136.0g\u00d7100%=10%\u7b54\uff1a\u53cd\u5e94\u540e\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u6eb6\u8d28\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6570\u4e3a10%\uff0e\u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\uff1a\uff081\uff0920g\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u2460M+2HCl\u2550MCl2+H2\u2191\uff1b\u2461732=7.3gx\uff1b\u2462Cu\u3001Zn\uff1b\u246310%\uff0e
(1)由标签可知:浓盐酸的密度为1.5g/cm3,溶质的质量分数为73%溶质质量分数为18.25%的盐酸的质量=
40mL×1.5g/cm3×73% |
18.25% |
故答案为:240;
(2)①碳酸R2C03的溶液盐与氢氧化钡溶液发生复分解反应,通过相互交换成分,生成碳酸钡沉淀和碱ROH;
故答案为:R2C03+Ba(OH)2=BaC03↓+2ROH;
②所加Ba(OH)2溶液质量x
R2C03+Ba(OH)2=BaC03↓+2ROH
171 197
34.2%x 19.7g
171 |
197 |
34.2%x |
19.7g |
故答案为:
171 |
197 |
34.2%x |
19.7g |
③设R元素的相对原子质量为r
R2C03+Ba(OH)2=BaC03↓+2ROH
2r+60 197
13.8g 19.7g
2r+60 |
13.8g |
197 |
19.7g |
根据元素的相对原子质量可查得R为钾元素,元素符号为K
故答案为:K;
④设生成19.7g碳酸钡沉淀的同时生成KOH质量为y
K2C03+Ba(OH)2=BaC03↓+2KOH
197 112
19.7g y
197 |
19.7g |
112 |
y |
设完全中和11.2gKOH需要HCl质量为a,反应生成KCl质量为b
KOH+HCl=KCl+H2O
56 36.5 74.5
11.2 a b
56 |
11.2g |
36.5 |
a |
56 |
11.2g |
74.5 |
b |
加入质量分数为18.25%的盐酸质量=
7.3g |
18.25% |
故答案为:40g;
⑤向反应后所得溶液中加入127.7g水,则此时溶液中溶质的质量分数=
14.9g |
100g+50g?19.7g+40g+127.7g |
故答案为:5%.
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绛旓細鍙敤鐢ㄧ传鑹茬煶钑婅瘯娑叉垨pH璇曠焊锛2锛変粠鏍囩鏄剧ず鐩愰吀璐ㄩ噺鍒嗘暟锛36锛5%锛岃绋閲婃垚18锛25%鐨勭█鐩愰吀锛岀█閲婅繃绋嬩腑婧惰川鐨勮川閲忎笉鍙橈紝浠庤屽垪鍑虹瓑寮忥紝鏁呭彲璁炬按鐨勮川閲忎负x 200g脳36锛5%=(200g+x)脳18锛25%鈭磝=200g锛3锛夋牴鎹弽搴斿寲瀛︽柟绋嬪紡锛歓n+2HCl= ZnCl 2 +H 2 鈫戜腑HCl涓庢阿姘旂殑璐ㄩ噺鍏崇郴,...
绛旓細锛1锛夎繖鐡舵祿鐩愰吀涓憾娑茬殑璐ㄩ噺涓猴細1.18g/cm-3脳500mL=590g锛屾晠濉細590锛涳紙2锛夎闇瑕佹祿鐩愰吀鐨勮川閲忎负x锛屾牴鎹憾娑茬█閲婂墠鍚庢憾璐ㄨ川閲忎笉鍙樻湁锛歺脳37%=200g脳10%锛寈=54.1g锛屾晠濉細54.1锛涳紙3锛夎鐢熸垚姘寲閽欑殑璐ㄩ噺涓簓锛岀敓鎴愪簩姘у寲纰崇殑璐ㄩ噺涓簔锛孋aCO3+2HCl鈺怌aCl2+H2O+CO2鈫戯紝 100 111 4410...
绛旓細锛1锛鐡跺唴娴撶洂閰婧惰川鐨勮川閲忎负锛1.19g/cm3脳500mL脳37%=220.15g锛岀瓟锛氱摱鍐呮祿鐩愰吀婧惰川鐨勮川閲忎负220.15g锛庯紙2锛夌敤5mL娴撶洂閰稿彲浠ラ厤鍒舵憾璐ㄨ川閲忓垎鏁颁负10%鐨勭洂閰歌川閲忎负锛氾紙1.19g/cm3脳5mL脳37%锛壝10%=22.02g锛岀瓟锛氱敤5mL娴撶洂閰稿彲浠ラ厤鍒舵憾璐ㄨ川閲忓垎鏁颁负10%鐨勭洂閰歌川閲忎负22.02g锛庯紙3锛夎鐢熸垚浜屾哀鍖栫⒊...
绛旓細锛1锛595锛 锛2锛22.0锛 锛3锛夎В锛氳浜х敓0.54L姘㈡皵闇瑕佹隘鍖栨阿鐨勮川閲忎负X锛嶼n+2HCl==ZnCl 2 +H 2 鈫73 銆2x 0.54L脳0.09g/L = 鍥犱负 X=1.77g锛20g脳10%锛屾墍浠ユ湁閮ㄥ垎姘寲姘㈡尌鍙戯紟
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绛旓細(1) 218.3gHCl 锛2) 54.05g (3) 璁剧敓鎴愮殑CaCl2鐨勮川閲忎负x CO2鐨勮川閲忎负y CaCO3+2HCl=CaCl2+CO2鈫+H2O 73 111 44 6.57g x y 73/111=6.57g/x 瑙e緱x=9.99g 73/44=6.57g/y 瑙e緱y=3.96g 婧惰川璐ㄩ噺鍒嗘暟=9.99g梅锛65.7g+9.99...
绛旓細2HCl ===ZnCl2 + H2(姘斾綋) 璁惧弽搴旀秷鑰桯Cl X鍏 73 4 X 0.04g X=0.73g 涔熷氨鏄锛岃繖20g鐩愰吀涓彧鍚湁0.73gHCl,鍏惰川閲忓垎鏁颁负3.65%銆備笌鐞嗚鍊10%鐩稿幓鐢氳繙銆傛墍浠ヤ繚瀛樼殑娴撶洂閰宸茬粡鏈夐儴鍒咹Cl鎸ュ彂浜 鍥炵瓟婊℃剰璇烽噰绾
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绛旓細锛1锛鐡跺唴娴撶洂閰鐨勮川閲忎负锛500mL脳1.19g/mL=595g锛涳紙2锛夎В锛氳绋閲婃垚10%鐨勭洂閰告憾娑茬殑璐ㄩ噺涓簒锛10mL脳1.19g/mL脳37%=x脳10%x=44.03g 绛旓細鍙互閰嶅埗婧惰川鐨勮川閲忓垎鏁颁负10%鐨勭洂閰告憾娑44.03g 鏁呯瓟妗堜负锛氾紙1锛595g锛涳紙2锛44.03锛