1.朗读课文，说说课文讲述了关于居里夫人的什 么事？ 2.默读课文想一想为什么说这三克镭展示了一位
14\u3001\u300a\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\u7684\u4e09\u514b\u956d\u300b\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bfe\u6587\u4e3b\u8981\u8bb2\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\u7684\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b?\u300a\u4e09\u514b\u956d\u300b\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\u4e00\u751f\u4e2d\u62e5\u6709\u8fc7\u4e09\u514b\u956d\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u5411\u4e16\u4eba\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u4eba\u683c\uff1a\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u636e\u4e3a\u5df1\u6709\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\u5411\u4eba\u7c7b\u8d21\u732e\u956d\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u8d21\u732e\u3002
\u7b54\uff1a\u60f3\u5230\u4e86\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\u4e0d\u987e\u4efb\u4f55\u5229\u76ca\u53bb\u5411\u793e\u4f1a\u5949\u732e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u956d\u7684\u63d0\u53d6\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u8981\u50cf\u5979\u90a3\u6837\u554a\uff01 \u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u5987\u5e74\u8868(1867\u20141934)
1867\u5e7411\u67087\u65e5
\u751f\u4e8e\u6ce2\u5170\u738b\u56fd\u534e\u6c99\u5e02\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u5b66\u6559\u5e08\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002\u7236\u4eb2\u4e4c\u62c9\u72c4\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u00b7\u65af\u53ef\u7f57\u591a\u592b\u65af\u57fa\u662f\u4e2d\u5b66\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u6559\u5e08\uff0c\u6bcd\u4eb2\u5e03\u7f57\u5c3c\u65af\u6d1b\u5a03\u00b7\u67cf\u53e4\u65af\u5361\u00b7\u65af\u53ef\u7f57\u591a\u592b\u65af\u5361\u662f\u5973\u5b50\u5bc4\u5bbf\u5b66\u6821\u6821\u957f\u3002\u5e7c\u540d\u739b\u4e3d\u4e9a\u00b7\u65af\u53ef\u7f57\u591a\u592b\u65af\u5361\u3002\u739b\u4e3d\u4e9a\u884c\u4e94\uff0c\u4e0a\u6709\u4e09\u59d0\u4e00\u5144\uff0c\u5373\u82cf\u83f2\u3001\u5e03\u7f57\u5c3c\u65bd\u62c9\u5a03\u3001\u6d77\u4f26\u5a1c\u548c\u54e5\u54e5\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u3002
\u5f53\u65f6\u6ce2\u5170\u5904\u4e8e\u4fc4\u56fd\u6c99\u7687\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u4e8c\u4e16(1818\u20141881)\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\u3002
1868\u5e74 \u4e00\u5c81
\u7236\u4eb2\u65af\u53ef\u7f57\u591a\u592b\u65af\u57fa\u4efb\u8bfa\u4f5b\u7acb\u666e\u57fa\u516c\u7acb\u4e2d\u5b66\u526f\u7763\u5b66\u3002\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4f53\u5f31\uff0c\u60a3\u80ba\u75c5\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u5df2\u8f9e\u53bb\u5973\u6821\u6821\u957f\u804c\u3002
\u5168\u5bb6\u642c\u79bb\u8d39\u745e\u8fbe\u8def\u90a3\u5ea7\u4f4f\u4e86\u516b\u5e74\u7684\u5c4b\u5b50\u3002
1873\u5e74 \u516d\u5c81
\u7236\u4eb2\u88ab\u4fc4\u56fd\u5f53\u5c40\u964d\u804c\u964d\u85aa\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8865\u8d34\u5bb6\u7528\uff0c\u5728\u5bb6\u6536\u5bc4\u5bbf\u751f\uff0c\u8f85\u5bfc\u5b66\u4e1a\u3002\u6700\u521d\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u4e09\u4eba\uff0c\u540e\u589e\u81f3\u5341\u4eba\u3002
\u739b\u4e3d\u4e9a\u8fdb\u79c1\u7acb\u5bc4\u5bbf\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u6821\u957f\u662f\u897f\u79d1\u5c14\u65af\u5361\u5973\u58eb\u3002
1879\u20141878\u5e74 \u4e5d\u5c81\u4e00\u5341\u4e00\u5c81
\u5927\u59d0(1876\u5e74)\u56e0\u60a3\u6591\u75b9\u4f24\u5bd2\uff0c\u6bcd\u4eb2(1878)\u56e0\u957f\u671f\u60a3\u80ba\u75c5\u5148\u540e\u4e0d\u6cbb\u53bb\u4e16\u3002
1881\u5e74 \u5341\u56db\u5c81
\u79bb\u5f00\u5bc4\u5bbf\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u8f6c\u5165\u4fc4\u56fd\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u516c\u7acb\u4e2d\u5b66\u6821\u3002
\u4fc4\u56fd\u6c99\u7687\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u4e8c\u4e16\u88ab\u523a\uff0c\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u4e09\u4e16(1844\u20141894)\u5373\u4f4d\u3002
1882\u5e74 \u5341\u4e94\u5c81
\u6cd5\u56fd\u9752\u5e74\u5b66\u8005\u6bd4\u57c3\u5c14\u00b7\u5c45\u91cc\uff081859\u5e745\u670815\u65e5\u751f\uff0c\u65f6\u5e74\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u5c81\uff09\u53d7\u8058\u4e8e\u5df4\u9ece\u5e02\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u4efb\u7269\u7406\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e3b\u4efb\u3002
\u4ed6\u4e0e\u80de\u5144\u96c5\u514b\u00b7\u5c45\u91cc\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u660e\u5c45\u91cc\u9759\u7535\u8ba1\u3002
1883\u5e74 \u5341\u516d\u5c81
6\u6708\uff1a\u4e2d\u5b66\u6bd5\u4e1a\u3002\u516c\u7acb\u4e2d\u5b66\u6821\u65b9\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5fb7\u6587\u6559\u5e08\u5df4\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u9ea6\u4e01\u3001\u5b66\u76d1\u6885\u53f6\u5973\u58eb\u987d\u56fa\u5730\u6267\u884c\u4fc4\u56fd\u5f53\u5c40\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u538b\u8feb\u653f\u7b56\u3002
\u6bd5\u4e1a\u540e\u53bb\u6ce2\u5170\u5357\u90e8\u4e61\u95f4\u4eb2\u621a\u5904\u5ea6\u5047\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u4e0e\u5c11\u5e74\u4f19\u4f34\u8d8a\u5883\u53bb\u52a0\u91cc\u897f\u4e9a\u4e1b\u5c71\u4e2d\u6e38\u73a9\uff0c\u501f\u4ee5\u5927\u58f0\u8bf4\u6ce2\u5170\u8bed\uff0c\u653e\u58f0\u5531\u6ce2\u5170\u6b4c\u3002
1884\u5e74 \u5341\u4e03\u5c81
9\u6708\uff1a\u56de\u534e\u6c99\u3002\u5728\u57ce\u5185\u62c5\u4efb\u5bb6\u5ead\u6559\u5e08\u3002
\u53c2\u52a0\u6ce2\u5170\u7231\u56fd\u9752\u5e74\u5b9a\u671f\u79d8\u5bc6\u805a\u4f1a\u7684\u201c\u6d41\u52a8\u5927\u5b66\u201d\uff0c\u542c\u8bfe\uff0c\u505a\u79d1\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u5e76\u62c5\u4efb\u626b\u76f2\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002
1886\u5e74 \u5341\u4e5d\u5c81
1\u6708\uff1a\u5230\u666e\u7f57\u514b\u3001\u65af\u8328\u521d\u57fa\u3001\u7d22\u6ce2\u7279\u62c5\u4efb\u5bb6\u5ead\u6559\u5e08\u3002\u4e3a\u8d44\u52a9\u4e8c\u59d0\u5e03\u7f57\u59ae\u65bd\u62c9\u5a03\u524d\u5f80\u5df4\u9ece\u6df1\u9020\uff08\u534e\u6c99\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u4e0d\u6536\u5973\u751f\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u5347\u5b66\u79ef\u6512\u8d39\u7528\u3002
1891\u5e74 \u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u5c81
9\u6708\uff1a\u8d74\u5df4\u9ece\u6c42\u5b66\u3002
11\u6708\uff1a\u8fdb\u5165\u7d22\u5c14\u672c\u5927\u5b66\uff08\u5373\u5df4\u9ece\u5927\u5b66\uff09\u7406\u5b66\u9662\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u3002
1893\u5e74 \u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u5c81
7\u6708\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5b66\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u8003\u8bd5\u3002
\u4ece\u534e\u6c99\u65b9\u9762\u83b7\u5f97\u201c\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u5956\u5b66\u91d1\u201d\u516d\u767e\u5362\u5e03\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u5979\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u5f97\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u6df1\u9020\u3002
\u6bd4\u57c3\u5c14\u00b7\u5c45\u91cc\u53d1\u660e\u4e0d\u7528\u781d\u7801\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u5929\u5e73\u2014\u2014\u5c45\u91cc\u5929\u5e73\u3002
10\u6708\uff1a\u82f1\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u6c64\u59c6\u751f\uff08\u514b\u5c14\u6587\u52cb\u7235\uff0c1824\u20141907\uff09\u6e21\u6d77\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c45\u91cc\u3002
1894\u5e74 \u4e8c\u5341\u4e03\u5c81
\u63a5\u53d7\u56fd\u5bb6\u5de5\u4e1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6709\u62a5\u916c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u94a2\u94c1\u78c1\u6027\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4ee5\u8865\u5145\u5b66\u4e60\u8d39\u7528\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002
4\u6708\uff1a\u7ecf\u6ce2\u5170\u5b66\u8005\u3001\u745e\u58eb\u798f\u5229\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u79d1\u74e6\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u4e0e\u6bd4\u57c3\u5c14\u00b7\u5c45\u91cc\u7ed3\u8bc6\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5229\u7528\u5c45\u91cc\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u3002
7\u6708\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u5b66\u5b66\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u8003\u8bd5\u3002
\u6536\u5230\u6bd4\u57c3\u5c14\u00b7\u5c45\u91cc\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u73b0\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u7535\u573a\u548c\u78c1\u573a\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u539f\u7406\u300b\u3002
\u6bd4\u57c3\u5c14\u00b7\u5c45\u91cc\u53d1\u73b0\u987a\u78c1\u8d28\u7684\u78c1\u5316\u7387\u4e0e\u7edd\u5bf9\u6e29\u5ea6(T)\u6210\u53cd\u6bd4\uff0c\u521d\u79f0\u5c45\u91cc\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u540e\u57281907\u5e74\u7ecf\u6cd5\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u97e6\u65af\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e88\u4ee5\u7cbe0\u786e\u5316\uff0c\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u5c45\u91cc\u4e00\u97e6\u65af\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u65b9\u7a0b\uff1aX=C/(T\uff0dQ)\u94c1\u78c1\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u6e29\u5ea6\u79f0\u4e3a\u5c45\u91cc\u70b9(Q)\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6b64\u6e29\u5ea6\uff0c\u5931\u53bb\u94c1\u78c1\u6027\uff0c\u5448\u987a\u78c1\u6027\u3002
\u4fc4\u56fd\u6c99\u7687\u5c3c\u53e4\u62c9\u4e8c\u4e16(1868\u20141918)\u5373\u4f4d\u3002
1895\u5e74 \u4e8c\u5341\u516b\u5c81
3\u6708\uff1a\u6bd4\u57c3\u5c14\u00b7\u5c45\u91cc\uff08\u4e09\u5341\u516d\u5c81\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u8003\u8bd5\uff0c\u8bba\u6587\u9898\u76ee\u662f\uff1a\u300a\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e0b\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u78c1\u6027\u300b\u3002\u65cb\u4efb\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u6559\u6559\u6388\u3002
4\u6708\uff1a\u739b\u4e3d\u00b7\u65af\u53ef\u7f57\u591a\u592b\u65af\u5361\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u94c0\u548c\u948d\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e4b\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u300b\uff0c\u7531\u674e\u666e\u66fc\u5ba3\u8bfb\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u3002
7\u670826\u65e5\uff1a\u739b\u4e3d\u4e0e\u6bd4\u57c3\u5c14\u00b7\u5c45\u91cc\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u90ca\u533a\u68ad\u9547\u7ed3\u5a5a\u3002
\u739b\u4e3d\u00b7\u5c45\u91cc\u4efb\u5973\u5b50\u4e2d\u5b66\u6559\u5e08\u3002
12\u6708\uff1a\u7ef4\u5c14\u8328\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u6821\u957f\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u8bba\u7434(1845\u20141923)\u53d1\u73b0X\u5c04\u7ebf\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u5c04\u7ebf\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u62a5\u544a\u300b\u7b49\u4e09\u7bc7\u7814\u7a76\u62a5\u544a\u3002\u6b64\u5c04\u7ebf\u6309\u60ef\u4f8b\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4f26\u7434\u5c04\u7ebf\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u6765\u901a\u79f0X\u5c04\u7ebf\u3002
1896\u5e74 \u4e8c\u5341\u4e5d\u5c81
3\u6708\uff1a\u6cd5\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u67cf\u514b\u52d2\u5c14(1852\u20141908)\u7814\u7a76\u94c0\u76d0\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u94c0\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u6027\uff0c\u65f6\u79f0\u67cf\u514b\u52d2\u5c14\u5c04\u7ebf\u3002
8\u6708\uff1a\u739b\u4e3d\u901a\u8fc7\u5927\u5b66\u6bd5\u4e1a\u751f\u62c5\u4efb\u6559\u5e08\u7684\u804c\u79f0\u8003\u8bd5\u3002
\u5f97\u5230\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u6821\u6821\u957f\u8212\u66fe\u4f2f\u683c(1827\u20141897)\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u739b\u4e3d\u8c0b\u5f97\u804c\u4f4d\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u6821\u7269\u7406\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e0e\u6bd4\u57c3\u5c14\uff08\u5ba4\u4e3b\u4efb\uff09\u5171\u4e8b\u3002
\u745e\u5178\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14(1833\u20141896)\u53bb\u4e16\u3002
1897\u5e74 \u4e09\u5341\u5c81
\u8bba\u6587\uff1a\u300a\u56de\u706b\u94a2\u7684\u78c1\u5316\u4f5c\u7528\u300b\u3002
9\u670812\u65e5\uff1a\u957f\u5b89\u4f0a\u96f7\u5a1c\u00b7\u5c45\u91cc\u51fa\u751f\u3002
\u5c45\u91cc\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u53bb\u4e16\u3002
1898\u5e74 \u4e09\u5341\u4e00\u5c81
\u53d1\u73b0\u948d\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u6027\uff1a\u4e0a\u5e74\u672b\u6216\u672c\u5e74\u521d\u5fb7\u56fd\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u65bd\u5bc6\u7279(1865\u20141949)\u4e5f\u72ec\u7acb\u4f5c\u51fa\u53d1\u73b0\u3002
7\u6708\uff1a\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u5987\u5411\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u63d0\u51fa\u300a\u8bba\u6ca5\u9752\u94c0\u77ff\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u65b0\u7269\u8d28\u300b\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u53d1\u73b0\u65b0\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u5143\u7d2084\u53f7\uff0c\u6bd4\u94c0\u5f3a\u56db\u767e\u500d\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u94cb\uff0c\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\u5efa\u8bae\u4ee5\u5979\u7684\u7956\u56fd\u6ce2\u5170\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u6784\u9020\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u948b(Polonium)\u3002
\u4ece\u6b64\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u5987\u5bc6\u5207\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u5316\u5b66\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
12\u6708\uff1a\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u5987\u548c\u540c\u4e8b\u8d1d\u8499\u7279\u5411\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u63d0\u51fa\u300a\u8bba\u6ca5\u9752\u94c0\u77ff\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u65b0\u7269\u8d28\u300b\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u53c8\u53d1\u73b0\u65b0\u5143\u7d2088\u53f7\uff0c\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u6bd4\u94c0\u5f3a\u767e\u4e07\u500d\uff0c\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u956d(Radium)\u3002
\u739b\u4e3d\u00b7\u5c45\u91cc\u5173\u4e8e\u53d1\u73b0\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u948b\u7684\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u7528\u6ce2\u5170\u6587\u5728\u534e\u6c99\u300a\u65af\u7ef4\u963f\u7279\u7f57\u300b\u753b\u62a5\u6708\u520a\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u3002
1899\u5e74 \u4e09\u5341\u4e8c\u5c81
\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6cd5\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u901a\u8baf\u9662\u58eb\u3001\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3\u5927\u5b66\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u7eea\u65af(1831\u20141914)\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u7531\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u4ea4\u6d89\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u5965\u5730\u5229\u653f\u5e9c\u9988\u8d60\uff0c\u4ece\u6240\u5c5e\u6377\u514b\u5723\u7ea6\u963f\u5e0c\u59c6\u65af\u5854\u5c14\u77ff\u9886\u5230\u6ca5\u9752\u94c0\u77ff\u6b8b\u6e23\u4e00\u5428\uff0c\u4f9b\u63d0\u70bc\u7eaf\u956d\u4e4b\u7528\u3002
\u8bba\u6587\u4e09\u7bc7\uff1a\u300a\u611f\u5e94\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff08\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u5fb7\u6bd4\u5c14\u7eb3\uff09\u3001\u300a\u956d\u5c04\u6027\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u4f5c\u7528\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5728\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u4f5c\u7528\u4e2d\u540c\u65f6\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u7535\u8377\u300b\u3002
\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\u7814\u7a76\u956d\u65f6\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u5c04\u7ebf\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u7a7a\u6c14\u6709\u81ed\u6c27\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u5e76\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u5c04\u7ebf\u4f7f\u73bb\u7483\u548c\u74f7\u5668\u8d4b\u8272\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4\u8f90\u5c04\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8f90\u5c04\u6240\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u3002
\u628a\u956d\u5206\u7ed9\u5362\u745f\u798f\u3001\u67cf\u514b\u52d2\u5c14\u3001\u7ef4\u62c9\u5f97(1860\u20141934)\u3001\u4fdd\u5c14\u751f\u7b49\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u3001\u533b\u5b66\u754c\u4eba\u58eb\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
10\u6708\uff1a\u6bd4\u57c3\u5c14\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u5fb7\u6bd4\u5c14\u7eb3(1874\u20141949)\u7528\u6c22\u6c27\u5316\u94f5\u4e0e\u7a00\u571f\u5143\u7d20\u5171\u540c\u6c89\u6dc0\u5206\u79bb\u51fa\u6ca5\u9752\u94c0\u77ff\u4e2d\u6240\u542b\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u5143\u7d20\u9515(Actinitum)\u3002\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u53c2\u52a0\u63d0\u70bc\u7eaf\u956d\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002
\u539f\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5362\u745f\u798f(1871\u20141937)\u53d1\u73b0\u4ed6\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u956d\u5c04\u6c14\u3001\u948d\u5c04\u6c14\uff0c\u5373\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u60f0\u6027\u6c14\u4f53\u6c21(Radon)\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u5510\u6069(1848\u2014\uff1f)\u4e5f\u4e8e1900\u5e74\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u956d\u5c04\u6c14\u3002\u5362\u745f\u798f\u636e\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u8f90\u7684\u8d2f\u7a7f\u672c\u9886\u533a\u5206\u03b1\u5c04\u7ebf\u3001\u03b2\u5c04\u7ebf\u53ca\u03b3\u5c04\u7ebf\u3002
\u5fb7\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u57c3\u5c14\u65af\u7279(1854\u20141920)\u548c\u76d6\u7279\u5c14(1855\u20141923)\u53d1\u73b0\u53d1\u5c04\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u8870\u53d8\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002
\u6cd5\u7c4d\u72b9\u592a\u519b\u5b98\u5fb7\u96f7\u798f\u65af(1859\u20141935)\u8499\u51a4\uff0c\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5de6\u62c9(1840\u20141902)\u53d1\u8868\u300a\u6211\u63a7\u8bc9\u300b\u8981\u6c42\u65e0\u7f6a\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u6bd4\u57c3\u5c14\u00b7\u5c45\u91cc\u53c2\u52a0\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u4e3b\u6301\u6b63\u4e49\uff0c\u6297\u8bae\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u9519\u5224\u3002
1900\u5e74 \u4e09\u5341\u4e09\u5c81
3\u6708\uff1a\u6bd4\u57c3\u5c14\u5728\u7efc\u5408\u5de5\u827a\u5b66\u6821\u5f97\u5230\u5bfc\u5e08\u804c\u52a1\u3002
\u739b\u4e3d\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u897f\u5357\u7684\u8d5b\u798f\u5c14\u5973\u5b50\u9ad8\u7b49\u5e08\u8303\u5b66\u6821\u4efb\u6559\uff0c\u8bb2\u6388\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u3002
\u739b\u4e3d\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u8bba\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u94a1\u5316\u7269\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u91cf\u300b\u3002
\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u5987\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u56fd\u9645\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5ba3\u8bfb\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u8bba\u65b0\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u53d1\u5c04\u7ebf\u300b
10\u6708\uff1a\u7ecf\u5f6d\u52a0\u52d2(1854\u20141912)\u63a8\u8350\uff0c\u6bd4\u57c3\u5c14\u5230\u7d22\u5c14\u672c\u5927\u5b66\u4e3a\u533b\u79d1\u5b66\u751f\u5f00\u8bbe\u7684\u7269\u7406\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u3001\u535a\u7269\u5b66\u8bb2\u5ea7(P\uff0eC\uff0eN\uff0e)\u4efb\u6559\u3002
\u4e24\u4f4d\u5fb7\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u74e6\u5c14\u67ef\u592b\u548c\u5409\u6cfd\u5c14\u5ba3\u79f0\u956d\u5bf9\u751f\u7269\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6709\u5947\u7279\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u540e\u7ecf\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u5987\u8bc1\u5b9e\u956d\u5c04\u7ebf\u4f1a\u70e7\u707c\u76ae\u80a4\u3002
1901\u5e74 \u4e09\u5341\u56db\u5c81
\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u5987\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u8bba\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u5143\u7d20\u300b\u3002
\u6bd4\u57c3\u5c14\u00b7\u5c45\u91cc\u4e0e\u5fb7\u6bd4\u5c14\u7eb3\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u8bba\u956d\u76d0\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u611f\u5e94\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u300b\u3002\u6bd4\u57c3\u5c14\u00b7\u5c45\u91cc\u4e0e\u67cf\u514b\u52d2\u5c14\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u956d\u5c04\u7ebf\u7684\u751f\u7406\u4f5c\u7528\u300b\u3002
\u745e\u5178\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u91d1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5f00\u59cb\u6309\u7167\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u9057\u5631\u529e\u7406\u5956\u91d1\u9881\u53d1\u4e8b\u5b9c\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u4f26\u7434\u7531\u4e8e\u53d1\u73b0X\u5c04\u7ebf\u4e8e1901\u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u83b7\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u3002
1902\u5e74 \u4e09\u5341\u4e94\u5c81
\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e09\u5e74\u53c8\u4e5d\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u63d0\u70bc\uff0c\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u5987\u4ece\u6570\u5428\u6b8b\u6e23\u4e2d\u5206\u79bb\u51fa\u5fae\u91cf\uff08\u4e00\u5206\u514b\uff09\u6c2f\u5316\u956dRaCl2\uff0c\u6d4b\u5f97\u956d\u539f\u5b50\u91cf\u4e3a225\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u6570\u4e3a226\u3002
\u739b\u4e3d\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u8bba\u956d\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u91cf\u300b\u3002
\u6bd4\u57c3\u5c14\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u8bba\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u8ba1\u7b97\u300b\u3002
\u6bd4\u57c3\u5c14\u7684\u5b66\u751f\uff081888\u5e74\uff09\u90ce\u4e4b\u4e07(1872\u20141946)\u5230\u8001\u5e08\u624b\u4e0b\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ece\u4e8b\u78c1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u76f4\u52301904\u5e74\u8f6c\u5f80\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u3002
\u5fb7\u56fd\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u9ea6\u514b\u534e\u7279\u72ec\u7acb\u53d1\u73b0\u7c7b\u78b2\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5f04\u6e05\u5373\u4e3a\u948b\u3002
\u4fc4\u56fd\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u95e8\u6377\u8036\u592b(1834\u20141907)\u6765\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u53c2\u89c2\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u63a2\u8ba8\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u95ee\u7f6a\u3002
1903\u5e74 \u4e09\u5341\u516d\u5c81
6\u6708\uff1a\u739b\u4e3d\u5411\u7d22\u5c14\u672c\u5927\u5b66\u63d0\u51fa\u535a\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u83b7\u7406\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002
\u6bd4\u57c3\u5c14\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u8bba\u611f\u5e94\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u53ca\u956d\u5c04\u6c14\u300b\u3002\u6bd4\u57c3\u5c14\u4e0e\u62c9\u4f2f\u5fb7\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u8bba\u956d\u76d0\u81ea\u52a8\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u70ed\u91cf\u300b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u956d\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u70ed\uff0c\u6bcf\u514b\u956d\u6bcf\u5c0f\u65f6\u53d1\u70ed\u4e00\u767e\u5361\u3002
10\u670810\u65e5\uff1a\u6211\u56fd\u4f5c\u5bb6\u9c81\u8fc5\u4ee5\u7b14\u540d\u81ea\u6811\u5728\u4e1c\u4eac\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u6d59\u6c5f\u6f6e\u300b\u6708\u520a\u7b2c\u516b\u671f\u4e0a\u9996\u6b21\u53d1\u8868\u4ecb\u7ecd\u956d\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u8bf4\u300b\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u628a\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\u8bd1\u4f5c\u201c\u53e4\u7bf1\u592b\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u662f\u956d\u7684\u65e7\u8bd1\u3002
12\u6708\uff1a\u745e\u5178\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u91d1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5ba3\u5e03\u628a\u672c\u5e74\u5ea6\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u6388\u4e88\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u67cf\u514b\u52d2\u5c14\u548c\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u5987\uff0c\u4ee5\u5956\u52b1\u524d\u8005\u53d1\u73b0\u5929\u7136\u653e\u5c04\u6027\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5bf9\u5929\u7136\u956d\u653e\u5c04\u73b0\u8c61\u6240\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002
1904\u5e74 \u4e09\u5341\u4e03\u5c81
1\u6708\uff1a\u300a\u956d\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u521b\u520a\uff0c\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u4e39\u8bb7(1872\u20141935)\u3002\u4e39\u8bb7\u4e8e1901\u5e74\u5c31\u5728\u6bd4\u57c3\u5c14\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u3002
\u6bd4\u57c3\u5c14\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e03\u6c99\u5c14(1837\u20141915)\uff08\u5df4\u5c14\u5854\u6c99\u5c14\uff09\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u956d\u5c04\u6c14\u7684\u751f\u7406\u4f5c\u7528\u300b\uff0c\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u540e\u6765\u5bfc\u81f4\u53d1\u660e\u5c45\u91cc\u7597\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u956d\u7597\u6cd5\u3002
\u6bd4\u57c3\u5c14\u548c\u62c9\u4f2f\u5fb7\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u8bba\u6e29\u6cc9\u6240\u53d1\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u300b\u3002
\u590f\u5b63\uff1a\u6bd4\u57c3\u5c14\u98ce\u6e7f\u75c7\u53d1\u4f5c\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8d74\u745e\u5178\u9886\u5956\u3002\u7a0d\u540e\uff0c\u745e\u5178\u65b9\u9762\u628a\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u72b6\u3001\u5956\u7ae0\u3001\u5956\u91d1\uff08\u6298\u5408\u4e03\u4e07\u6cd5\u90ce\uff09\u4ea4\u6cd5\u56fd\u516c\u4f7f\u8f6c\u4ea4\u3002
10\u6708\uff1a\u6bd4\u57c3\u5c14\u8499\u7d22\u5c14\u672c\u5927\u5b66\u6821\u957f\u674e\u4e9a\u5c14\u63a8\u8350\uff0c\u53d7\u8058\u4e3a\u8be5\u6821\u7406\u5b66\u9662\u65b0\u8bbe\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u8bb2\u5ea7\u6b63\u5f0f\u6559\u6388\u3002
11\u6708\uff1a\u739b\u4e3d\u4efb\u7d22\u5c14\u672c\u5927\u5b66\u7406\u5b66\u9662\u7269\u7406\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e3b\u4efb\u3002
12\u6708\uff1a\u6b21\u5973\u827e\u8299\u00b7\u5c45\u91cc\u51fa\u751f\u3002
1905\u5e74 \u4e09\u5341\u516b\u5c81
6\u6708\uff1a\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u5987\u524d\u5f80\u65af\u5fb7\u54e5\u5c14\u6469\u745e\u5178\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u5c65\u884c\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u91d1\u83b7\u5f97\u8005\u987b\u4eb2\u81ea\u524d\u5f80\u9886\u5956\u5e76\u505a\u5b66\u672f\u8bb2\u6f14\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002
7\u6708\uff1a\u6bd4\u57c3\u5c14\u5f53\u9009\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u58eb\u3002
1906\u5e74 \u4e09\u5341\u4e5d\u5c81
4\u670819\u65e5\uff1a\u6bd4\u57c3\u5c14\u7f79\u8f66\u7978\uff0c\u88ab\u8fd0\u8d27\u9a6c\u8f66\u8f97\u538b\u81f4\u6b7b\uff0c\u4eab\u5e74\u56db\u5341\u4e03\u5c81\u3002
\u739b\u4e3d\u8c22\u7edd\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u63d0\u51fa\u4ee5\u6545\u5c45\u91cc\u6559\u6388\u9057\u5b40\u8eab\u4efd\u9886\u53d6\u56fd\u5bb6\u6003\u6064\u91d1\u529e\u6cd5\u3002
5\u6708\uff1a\u53d7\u8058\u4e8e\u7d22\u5c14\u672c\u5927\u5b66\u7406\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u63a5\u66ff\u6bd4\u57c3\u5c14\u8bb2\u6388\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e74\u85aa\u4e00\u4e07\u6cd5\u90ce\u300211\u6708\u5f00\u8bb2\uff0c\u8bb2\u9898\u4e3a\uff1a\u7535\u4e0e\u5bfc\u7535\u6750\u6599\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u7406\u8bba\u3002
7\u670810\u65e5\uff1a\u90ce\u4e4b\u4e07\u300a\u5c45\u91cc\u5148\u751f\u8457\u4f5c\u7b80\u4ecb\u300b\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e\u300a\u6bcf\u6708\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b\u3002
1907\u5e74 \u56db\u5341\u5c81
\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\u8bbe\u6cd5\u63a5\u53d7\u4e94\u516d\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u3002\u4e24\u5e74\u5185\u63a5\u53d7\u7f8e\u56fd\u5361\u5185\u57fa\u5956\u5b66\u91d1\u4e09\u540d\u7814\u7a76\u540d\u989d\u3002
\u63d0\u70bc\u5f97\u7eaf\u6c2f\u5316\u956d\uff0c\u5e76\u6d4b\u5f97\u539f\u5b50\u91cf\u4e3a226\u3002
\u548c\u53cb\u4eba\u90ce\u4e4b\u4e07\u3001\u4f69\u97e9(1870\u20141942)\u7b49\u5408\u529e\u513f\u7ae5\u5b66\u4e60\u73ed\uff0c\u6307\u5bfc\u4f0a\u96f7\u5a1c\u00b7\u5c45\u91cc\u3001\u5f17\u5170\u897f\u00b7\u4f69\u97e9\u7b49\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5b50\u5f1f\u7ea6\u516b\u4e5d\u4eba\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u524d\u540e\u529e\u4e24\u5e74\u3002\u90ce\u4e4b\u4e07\u6559\u6570\u5b66\uff0c\u739b\u4e3d\u6559\u7269\u7406\uff0c\u4f69\u97e9\u6559\u5316\u5b66\uff0c\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u7a46\u6566\u6559\u535a\u7269\uff0c\u4f69\u97e9\u592b\u4eba\u7b49\u6559\u6587\u53f2\u3002
1908\u5e74 \u56db\u5341\u4e00\u5c81
\u4e3a\u300a\u6bd4\u57c3\u5c14\u00b7\u5c45\u91cc\u8457\u4f5c\u96c6\u300b\u64b0\u5e8f\uff0c\u8ffd\u8ff0\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u4e1a\u7ee9\u3002\u8be5\u4e66\u7531\u6cd5\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4f1a\u59d4\u6258\u90ce\u4e4b\u4e07\uff08\u548c\u8c22\u7eb3\u6c83\uff1f\uff09\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u4e8e\u5df4\u9ece\u3002
\u664b\u5347\u4e3a\u6559\u6388\u3002
1909\u5e74 \u56db\u5341\u4e8c\u5c81
\u5fb7\u6587\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u956d\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u91cf\u300b\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e\u300a\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u5b66\u5e74\u520a\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u5341\u516b\u5377\u3002
\u4f0a\u96f7\u5a1c\u00b7\u5c45\u91cc\u5165\u6b63\u89c4\u5b66\u6821\u5c31\u8bfb\u3002
1910\u5e74 \u56db\u5341\u4e09\u5c81
2\u6708\uff1a\u6bd4\u57c3\u5c14\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u6b27\u4ec1\u00b7\u5c45\u91cc\u5927\u592b\u53bb\u4e16\u3002
\u548c\u5fb7\u6bd4\u5c14\u7eb3\u5408\u64b0\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u8bba\u948b\u300b\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e\u300a\u956d\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u3002
\u300a\u8bba\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u300b\u4e24\u5377\u51fa\u7248\u3002
\u63d0\u70bc\u51fa\u7eaf\u956d\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u6d4b\u5b9a\u5230\u5404\u9879\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u8fd8\u6d4b\u5b9a\u6c21(Radon)\u548c\u82e5\u5e72\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u534a\u8870\u671f\uff0c\u6574\u7406\u51fa\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u5143\u7d20\u8715\u53d8\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5173\u7cfb\u3002
9\u6708\uff1a\u53c2\u52a0\u5728\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u5e03\u9c81\u585e\u5c14\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u5b66\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002\u666e\u90ce\u514b\u3001\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u3001\u5362\u745f\u798f\u3001\u90ce\u4e4b\u4e07\u5747\u51fa\u5e2d\u3002
\u53d1\u8868\u300a\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7cfb\u6570\u8868\u300b\u3002
\u53d7\u547d\u5236\u590721\u6beb\u514b\u91d1\u5c5e\u956d\uff0c\u5c01\u5b58\u4e8e\u5c0f\u8bd5\u7ba1\uff0c\u5b58\u653e\u4e8e\u5df4\u9ece\u56fd\u9645\u5ea6\u91cf\u8861\u6807\u51c6\u5c40\u3002
1911\u5e74 \u56db\u5341\u56db\u5c81
1\u6708\uff1a\u63a5\u53d7\u53cb\u4eba\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u7ade\u9009\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u58eb\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u6b63\u6d3e\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4eba\u58eb\u70ed\u70c8\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5df4\u9ece\u300a\u6c42\u7cbe\u62a5\u300b\u4e8e1\u67089\u65e5\u5b66\u9662\u5ba1\u67e5\u8d44\u683c\u4e4b\u65e5\u4ee5\u5934\u7248\u663e\u8457\u7248\u9762\u53d1\u8868\u739b\u4e3d\u00b7\u5c45\u91cc\u7167\u7247\u548c\u624b\u8ff9\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u70ed\u5207\u613f\u671b\u3002\u7ec8\u56e0\u9662\u5185\u987d\u56fa\u6d3e\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u7adf\u4ee5\u4e00\u7968\u4e4b\u5dee\u843d\u9009\u3002
10\u6708\uff1a\u53c2\u52a0\u5728\u5e03\u9c81\u5bd2\u5c14\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u7d22\u8033\u672a\u91cf\u5b50\u5b66\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002
12\u6708\uff1a\u745e\u5178\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u91d1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5ba3\u5e03\u4ee5\u672c\u5e74\u5ea6\u5316\u5b66\u5956\u6388\u4e88\u739b\u4e3d\u00b7\u5c45\u91cc\uff0c\u4ee5\u5956\u52b1\u5979\u53d1\u73b0\u956d\u3001\u948b\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u63a8\u8fdb\u4e86\u5316\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3002
\u524d\u5f80\u65af\u5fb7\u54e5\u5c14\u6469\u9886\u5956\uff0c\u5e76\u505a\u5b66\u672f\u8bb2\u6f14\u3002\u5b88\u5be1\u7684\u59ca\u59b9\u5e03\u7f57\u59ae\u65bd\u62c9\u5a03\u548c\u957f\u5973\u4f5c\u966a\u3002
1912\u5e74 \u56db\u5341\u4e94\u5c81
5\u6708\uff1a\u63a5\u89c1\u6ce2\u5170\u6559\u6388\u4ee3\u8868\u56e2\u3002\u8be5\u56e2\u6301\u6ce2\u5170\u4f5c\u5bb6\u663e\u514b\u5fae\u652f(1846\u20141916)\u51fd\u524d\u6765\uff0c\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\u540c\u610f\u6307\u5bfc\u5728\u534e\u6c99\u5efa\u7acb\u653e\u5c04\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u3002
12\u6708\uff1a\u56e0\u75c5\u4f4f\u9662\u7597\u517b\u3002
\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u548c\u956d\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u300b\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e\u300a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6742\u5fd7\u300b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u671f\u3002
\u524d\u5f80\u6cd5\u56fd\u897f\u7aef\u5e03\u5217\u5854\u5c3c\u534a\u5c9b\u62c9\u5c3c\u7fc1\u548c\u5723
1913\u5e74 \u56db\u5341\u516d\u5c81
\u590f\u5b63\uff1a\u63a5\u53d7\u80be\u624b\u672f\u540e\uff0c\u5e94\u82f1\u56fd\u53cb\u4eba\u827e\u5c14\u6566\u592b\u4eba\u4e4b\u9080\uff0c\u524d\u5f80\u82f1\u56fd\u4f11\u517b\u3002
\u53c2\u52a0\u4e0d\u5217\u98a0\u5b66\u4f1a\u5728\u4f2f\u660e\u7ff0\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002\u4f1a\u89c1\u5362\u745f\u798f\u3002\u5362\u745f\u798f1910\u5e74\u5728\u5e03\u9c81\u585e\u5c14\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u89c1\u5230\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u5bb6\u4fe1\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\u201c\u5979\u8138\u8272\u82cd\u767d\uff0c\u75b2\u52b3\u8fc7\u5ea6\uff0c\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u6bd4\u5979\u7684\u5e74\u9f84\u8001\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u592a\u52b3\u7d2f\uff0c\u8eab\u4f53\u5f88\u865a\u5f31\uff0c\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u770b\u4e86\u5979\u7684\u6837\u5b50\u771f\u53eb\u4eba\u96be\u8fc7\u201d\u3002
\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u7167\u5c04\u300b\u53d1\u8868\u3002
\u524d\u5f80\u534e\u6c99\u4e3a\u653e\u5c04\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u843d\u6210\u63ed\u5e55\u3002
1914\u5e74 \u56db\u5341\u4e03\u5c81
7\u6708\uff1a\u7531\u5df4\u65af\u5fb7\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u9662\u957f\u7f57\u533b\u5e08\u5efa\u8bae\u800c\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u956d\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff0c\u5176\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u548c\u5c45\u91cc\u7597\u6cd5\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff0c\u5373\u5c45\u91cc\u697c\u843d\u6210\u3002\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\u62c5\u4efb\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u7406\u4e8b\u3002
\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u5143\u7d20\u53ca\u5176\u5206\u7c7b\u300b\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e\u300a\u6bcf\u6708\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b\u3002
7\u6708\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7206\u53d1\u3002
\u628a\u4ef7\u503c\u9ad8\u6602\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7528\u956d\u4e00\u514b\uff08\u65f6\u503c\u4e00\u767e\u4e07\u6cd5\u90ce\uff0c\u5341\u4e94\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\uff09\u5bc6\u5c01\u5165\u4e94\u5341\u78c5\u91cd\u94c5\u7f50\uff0c\u79d8\u5b58\u4e00\u94f6\u884c\u4fdd\u9669\u5e93\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u6218\u4e71\u5931\u843d\u3002
\u63a5\u53d7\u6cd5\u56fd\u5987\u534f\uff08\u5373\u6cd5\u56fd\u7ea2\u5341\u5b57\u4f1a\uff09\u59d4\u6d3e\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u653e\u5c04\u90e8\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6307\u5bfc\u5404\u5730X\u5c04\u7ebf\u7167\u76f8\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u914d\u5408\u6218\u5730\u6551\u62a4\u3002
1915\u5e74 \u56db\u5341\u516b\u5c81
\u4ece\u7d22\u5c14\u672c\u5927\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u8fc1\u5165\u956d\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u653e\u5c04\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u3002
\u5954\u6ce2\u4e8e\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u5404\u5730\uff0c\u6307\u5bfc\u5341\u516b\u4e2a\u6218\u5730\u533b\u670d\u52a1\u961f\u3002
1916\u5e74 \u56db\u5341\u4e5d\u5c81
\u5728\u956d\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u4e3a\u536b\u751f\u5458\u5f00\u8bbe\u8f90\u5c04\u5b66\u901f\u6210\u8bfe\uff0c\u6559\u533b\u751f\u5b66\u4f1a\u5bfb\u627e\u4eba\u4f53\u4e2d\u5f02\u7269\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5f39\u7247\uff09\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u65b0\u6cd5\uff0c\u53d7\u534f\u7ea6\u56fd\u519b\u65b9\u8d5e\u8bb8\u3002
\u63a5\u53d7\u4f0a\u96f7\u5a1c\uff08\u5341\u4e5d\u5c81\uff09\u3001\u9a6c\u65bd\u00b7\u514b\u83b1\u56e0\uff08\u540e\u6765\u7684\u6bd4\u57c3\u5c14\u00b7\u97e6\u65af\u592b\u4eba\uff09\u7b49\u4e3a\u52a9\u624b\u3002
1917\u5e74 \u4e94\u5341\u5c81
5\u6708\uff1a\u548c\u90ce\u4e4b\u4e07\u3001\u4f69\u97e9\u7b49\u4f1a\u89c1\u82f1\u56fd\u53cb\u4eba\u5362\u745f\u798f\u3001\u5e03\u91cc\u5947\uff08\u7687\u5bb6\u6d77\u519b\u4e2d\u6821\uff09\u7b49\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4ee3\u8868\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u53c2\u52a0\u82f1\u6cd5\u8054\u5408\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u7ecf\u6cd5\u8f6c\u8d74\u7f8e\u56fd\u5546\u8ba8\u4e09\u56fd\u519b\u4e8b\u79d1\u5b66\u534f\u4f5c\u65b9\u6848\u3002
\u7f8e\u56fd\u53c2\u6218\u3002
1918\u5e74 \u4e94\u5341\u4e00\u5c81
\u5411\u519b\u9700\u90e8\u653e\u5c04\u7269\u8d44\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u62a5\u544a\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u5143\u7d20\u53ca\u5176\u539f\u7406\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u95ee\u9898\u3002
\u524d\u5f80\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5317\u90e8\u89c6\u5bdf\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7269\u8d44\u8d44\u6e90\u3002
\u4f0a\u96f7\u5a1c\u00b7\u5c45\u91cc\u62c5\u4efb\u59d4\u4efb\u52a9\u624b(pr\u959carateur d\u95f8\u95f4ue)\u3002
\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e3a\u519b\u961f\u8bad\u7ec3X\u5149\u7167\u76f8\u6280\u672f\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e3a\u53c2\u6218\u7f8e\u519b\u519b\u533b\u5f00\u529e\u8bad\u7ec3\u73ed\u3002
11\u6708\uff1a\u5927\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u534f\u7ea6\u56fd\u83b7\u80dc\u3002
\u6ce2\u5170\u6062\u590d\u72ec\u7acb\u3002
1919\u5e74 \u4e94\u5341\u4e8c\u5c81
\u91cd\u8fd4\u956d\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9662\uff0c\u6307\u5bfc\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002
\u518d\u5ea6\u63a5\u53d7\u5404\u56fd\u9009\u9001\u6765\u8981\u6c42\u57f9\u517b\uff0c\u5404\u5730\u79c1\u4eba\u56e2\u4f53\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2a\u4eba\u8bf7\u6c42\u6307\u5bfc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u3002
\u81ea\u672c\u5e74\u8d77\u81f3\u5979\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u603b\u5171\u63d0\u51fa\u62a5\u544a483\u4efd\uff0c\u8bba\u658734\u7bc7\uff0c\u5979\u4eb2\u81ea\u53c2\u52a031\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u3002
1920\u5e74 \u4e94\u5341\u4e09\u5c81
\u5c45\u91cc\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7531\u6cd5\u56fd\u8d22\u9600\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u5fb7\u00b7\u6d1b\u7279\u67f4\u5c14\u5fb7\u5b50\u7235\u5021\u8bae\u5efa\u7acb\u3002\u672c\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u62e8\u6b3e\u652f\u6301\u956d\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u3002
5\u6708\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5987\u5973\u6742\u5fd7\u300a\u63cf\u8ff0\u8005\u300b\u603b\u7f16\u8f91\u9ea6\u9686\u5185\u592b\u4eba(\uff1f\u20141943)\u91c7\u8bbf\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\u3002\u56de\u56fd\u540e\u5373\u53d1\u52a8\u7f8e\u56fd\u5987\u5973\u548c\u4eba\u6c11\u6350\u6b3e\u534f\u52a9\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\u89e3\u51b3\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76\u7f3a\u4e4f\u956d\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u95ee\u9898\u3002
1921\u5e74 \u4e94\u5341\u56db\u5c81
\u6839\u636e\u6218\u65f6\u7b14\u8bb0\u6574\u7406\uff0c\u5199\u6210\u300a\u653e\u5c04\u5b66\u548c\u6218\u4e89\u300b\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u4e8e\u5df4\u9ece\u3002
3\u67088\u65e5\uff1a\u63a5\u89c1\u6211\u56fd\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u6821\u957f\u8521\u5143\u57f9\u3002\u8521\u51fa\u56fd\u8003\u5bdf\u9014\u4e2d\u62b5\u5df4\u9ece\uff0c\u9080\u8bf7\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\u5230\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u8bb2\u5b66\u3002\u7b54\u79f0\uff1a\u201c\u6b64\u6b21\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f80\uff0c\u5f53\u4e8e\u5c06\u6765\u4e4b\u6691\u5047\u4e2d\u8c0b\u4e4b\u201d\u3002\u7ec8\u672a\u6210\u884c\u3002
5\u6708\uff1a\u6bcd\u5973\u4e09\u4eba\u6e21\u6d77\u8d74\u7f8e\uff0c\u53bb\u63a5\u53d7\u7f8e\u56fd\u739b\u4e3d\u00b7\u5c45\u91cc\u956d\u57fa\u91d1\u52df\u6350\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201c\u739b\u4e3d\u00b7\u5c45\u91cc\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\u6240\u8d60\u9001\u7684\u956d\u4e00\u514b\uff08\u65f6\u4ef7\u7f8e\u5143\u5341\u4e07\uff09\u3002\u8d60\u9001\u4eea\u5f0f\u4e8e20\u65e5\u5728\u534e\u76db\u987f\u767d\u5bab\u4e3e\u884c\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u54c8\u5b9a\u4e3b\u6301\u3002
\u5230\u8d39\u57ce\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u65b0\u948d(m\u959fothorium)\u4e94\u5398\u514b\uff1b\u5979\u5219\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u6700\u521d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u538b\u7535\u77f3\u82f1\u8ba1\u8d60\u7f8e\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u4f1a\u3002
\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u8bba\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u5b66\u548c\u540c\u4f4d\u5143\u7d20\u300b\u51fa\u7248\u4e8e\u5df4\u9ece\u3002
1922\u5e74 \u4e94\u5341\u4e94\u5c81
2\u6708\uff1a\u5f53\u9009\u4e3a\u5df4\u9ece\u533b\u5b66\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u58eb\u3002
5\u6708\uff1a\u5e94\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u540e\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u56fd\u8054\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\u57c3\u91cc\u514b\u00b7\u5fb7\u62c9\u8499\u5fb7\u7235\u58eb\u6839\u636e\u56fd\u9645\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u9080\u8bf7\uff0c\u53c2\u52a0\u4e0a\u5e74\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6587\u5316\u5408\u4f5c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u3002\u521d\u4efb\u59d4\u5458\uff0c\u540e\u5f53\u9009\u4e3a\u526f\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u53bb\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u51fa\u5e2d\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002
1923\u5e74 \u4e94\u5341\u516d\u5c81
7\u6708\uff1a\u60a3\u767d\u5185\u969c\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u773c\u79d1\u624b\u672f\uff0c\u672a\u75ca\u6108\uff0c\u540e\u4e8e1924\u5e74\uff0c1930\u5e74\uff0c\u53c8\u63a5\u53d7\u4e09\u6b21\u624b\u672f\u3002
\u4e3a\u300a\u82f1\u56fd\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\u300b\u64b0\u5199\u8bcd\u76ee\u3002
\u64b0\u5199\u300a\u6bd4\u57c3\u5c14\u00b7\u5c45\u91cc\u4f20\u300b\uff08110\u9875\uff0c1924\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\uff09\u3002
\u5e94\u9ea6\u9686\u5185\u592b\u4eba\u4e4b\u8bf7\uff0c\u5199\u751f\u5e73\u6982\u8981\u3002
1924\u5e74 \u4e94\u5341\u4e03\u5c81
\u7d22\u5c14\u672c\u5927\u5b66\u4e3e\u884c\u7eaa\u5ff5\u4f1a\u5e86\u795d\u53d1\u73b0\u956d25\u5468\u5e74\u3002
3\u6708\uff1a\u5fb7\u6bd4\u5c14\u7eb3\u53d1\u8868\u300a\u7eaa\u5ff5\u53d1\u73b0\u956d25\u5468\u5e74\u300b\u4e8e\u300a\u5316\u5b66\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u300b\u3002
\u6cd5\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u8bae\u4f1a\u8d60\u4e88\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\u56db\u4e07\u6cd5\u90ce\u3002
\u5c81\u672b\uff1a\u63a5\u53d7\u90ce\u4e4b\u4e07\u6240\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u91cc\u514b\u00b7\u7ea6\u91cc\u5965(1900\u20141958)\u53c2\u52a0\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u505a\u7814\u7a76\u52a9\u624b\u3002\u4ed6\u672c\u5728\u666e\u74e6\u6cf0\u70ae\u5175\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c11\u5c09\u8854\u53c2\u52a0\u5965\u4f2f\u7ef4\u8036\u5de5\u7a0b\u3002
1925\u5e74 \u4e94\u5341\u516b\u5c81
\u56de\u534e\u6c99\uff0c\u4e3a\u956d\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u5960\u57fa\uff0c\u62c5\u4efb\u540d\u8a89\u4e3b\u4efb\u3002
\u6211\u56fd\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5bb6\u738b\u7ef4\u514b\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u5927\u5b66\u8bfb\u4e66\u65f6\uff0c\u542c\u8fc7\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\u8bb2\u8bfe\u3002
1926\u5e74 \u4e94\u5341\u4e5d\u5c81
10\u6708\uff1a\u957f\u5973\u4f0a\u96f7\u5a1c\u00b7\u5c45\u91cc\u548c\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u91cc\u514b\u00b7\u7ea6\u91cc\u5965\u7ed3\u5a5a\u3002\u5a5a\u540e\uff0c\u7ea6\u91cc\u5965\u517c\u7528\u5cb3\u5bb6\u59d3\u6c0f\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u590d\u59d3\uff1a\u7ea6\u91cc\u5965-\u5c45\u91cc\u3002
\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\u7684\u6ce2\u5170\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u948b\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u300b\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e\u534e\u6c99\u3002
1927\u5e74 \u516d\u5341\u5c81
\u5728\u5e03\u9c81\u585e\u5c14\u53c2\u52a0\u7b2c\u4e94\u6b21\u7d22\u8033\u672a\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5eb7\u666e\u987f(1892\u20141962)\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u63d0\u51fa\u8865\u5145\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u610f\u89c1\u6536\u4e8e\u4e0b\u5e74\u300a\u7535\u5b50\u548c\u5149\u5b50\u300b\u5377\u3002
\u956d\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u56e0\u7ecf\u5e38\u53d7\u5230\u653e\u5c04\u7269\u8d28\u8f90\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u80c3\u75bc\u3001\u8131\u53d1\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u79d1\u6cf0\u5c14\u592b\u4eba\uff09\uff0c\u53cc\u624b\u707c\u4f24\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\uff09\u7b49\u4e25\u91cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u5f00\u59cb\u91c7\u53d6\u9632\u62a4\u63aa\u65bd\u3002
1928\u5e74 \u516d\u5341\u4e00\u5c81
\u7ea6\u91cc\u5965-\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u5987\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u62a5\u544a\u4e66\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u3002
1929 \u516d\u5341\u4e8c\u5c81
\u53bb\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u534e\u6c99\u956d\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u63a5\u53d7\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u9988\u8d60\u7684\u53c8\u4e00\u514b\u956d\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u80e1\u4f5b\u4e3b\u6301\u8d60\u9001\u4eea\u5f0f\u3002
\u6bcd\u5973\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u956dD\u7684\u8870\u53d8\u300b\u3002
\u79cb\u5b63\uff1a\u63a5\u53d7\u6211\u56fd\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c4a\u6bd5\u4e1a\u751f\u65bd\u58eb\u5143\u5230\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7814\u7a76\u9515\u7cfb\u5143\u7d20\u948b\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u5316\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u3002
\u6211\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u754c\u76f4\u63a5\u53d7\u5230\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\u6307\u5bfc\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u90d1\u5927\u7ae0(1906\u20141944)\uff0c\u90d1\u56de\u56fd\u540e\u53c2\u52a0\u5317\u5e73\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u956d\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002
\u827e\u8299\u00b7\u5c45\u91cc\u7684\u300a\u6218\u65f6\u8bbf\u95ee\u8bb0\u300b\u8bb0\u8ff0\u5979\u5728\u6211\u56fd\u6297\u6218\u540e\u65b9\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\uff0c\u8c08\u5230\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\u5f88\u5c0a\u91cd\u3001\u5173\u5207\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u751f\u3002
1930\u5e74 \u516d\u5341\u4e09\u5c81
\u5411\u6cd5\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7533\u8bf7\u7279\u522b\u7814\u7a76\u8865\u52a9\u8d39\uff0c\u5f97\u523050\u4e07\u6cd5\u90ce\u3002
\u7ea6\u91cc\u5965-\u5c45\u91cc\u63d0\u51fa\u535a\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u948b\u7684\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u300b\u3002
\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u8bba\u9515\u300b\u3002
\u6211\u56fd\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u90d1\u5927\u7ae0\u5199\u7684\u300a\u5f7c\u5f97\u00b7\u5c45\u793c\u4e4b\u751f\u5e73\u53ca\u5176\u4f9b\u732e\u300b\uff0c\u5728\u5df4\u9ece\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u56fd\u7406\u79d1\u540c\u5b66\u4f1a\u6742\u5fd7\u53d1\u8868\u3002
1931\u5e74 \u516d\u5341\u56db\u5c81
\u524d\u5f80\u534e\u6c99\uff0c\u4e3b\u6301\u956d\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u5f00\u5e55\u5178\u793c\u3002
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5df4\u9ece\u956d\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7ea6\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4e8c\u4e09\u5341\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u956d1.5\u514b\uff0c\u948b200\u6beb\u5c45\u91cc\u3002
\u51ac\u5b63\uff1a\u90ce\u4e4b\u4e07\u8bbf\u95ee\u6211\u56fd\uff0c\u5230\u5317\u5e73\u3001\u676d\u5dde\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u754c\u6b22\u8fce\u3002
1932\u5e74 \u516d\u5341\u4e94\u5c81
\u5411\u56fd\u9645\u7535\u5b66\u4f1a\u63d0\u51fa\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7269\u4f53\u4e09\u79cd\u5c04\u7ebf\u548c\u539f\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u300b\u3002
8\u6708\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4f1a\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u90ce\u4e4b\u4e07\u4e3a\u540d\u8a89\u4f1a\u5458\u3002
12\u6708\uff1a\u548c\u4f69\u97e9\u3001\u5fb7\u6bd4\u5c14\u7eb3\u4e3b\u6301\u65bd\u58eb\u5143\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u7b54\u8fa9\u3002\u65bd1979\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u300a\u56de\u5fc6\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\u300b\u4e8e\u5149\u660e\u65e5\u62a5\uff0c\u6587\u4e2d\u6709\u7b54\u8fa9\u65f6\u60c5\u666f\u7167\u7247\u3002
1933\u5e74 \u516d\u5341\u516d\u5c81
\u524d\u5f80\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u9996\u90fd\u9a6c\u5fb7\u91cc\uff0c\u53c2\u52a0\u56fd\u9645\u6587\u5316\u5408\u4f5c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u5f53\u9009\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff0c\u547c\u5401\u5404\u56fd\u4fdd\u536b\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u6587\u5316\u3002
10\u6708\u4e0b\u65ec\uff1a\u548c\u7ea6\u91cc\u5965-\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u5987-\u9053\u524d\u5f80\u5e03\u9c81\u585e\u5c14\u52a0\u7d22\u8033\u672a\u7b2c\u4e03\u5c4a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002
12\u6708\uff1a\u60a3\u80c6\u56ca\u7ed3\u77f3\u3002
1934\u5e74 \u516d\u5341\u4e03\u5c81
\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u300b\uff08\u4e24\u5377\uff09\u5199\u6210\uff0c\u4e0b\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u3002
\u7ea6\u91cc\u5965-\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u5987\u5728\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4eba\u5de5\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u3002\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u8eab\u5fc3\u65e5\u6e10\u8870\u7aed\uff0c\u4f46\u773c\u89c1\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u53d6\u5f97\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u4eb2\u81ea\u57f9\u517b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u611f\u5230\u65b0\u6170\u3002\u5979\u9884\u8ba1\u5973\u513f\u592b\u5987\u7684\u6210\u7ee9\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u91d1\uff0c\u679c\u7136\u5979\u4eec\u4e8e\u4e0b\u5e74\u5f97\u5956\u3002
6\u6708\uff1a\u4f4f\u8fdb\u4e0a\u8428\u74e6\u7701\u6851\u585e\u7f57\u8c1f\u7597\u517b\u9662\u3002
7\u67084\u65e5\uff1a\u4ee5\u6076\u6027\u8d2b\u8840\u75c7(\u7531\u956d\u5f15\u8d77)\u901d\u4e16\u4e8e\u7597\u517b\u9662\u3002
7\u67086\u65e5\uff1a\u846c\u4e8e\u5df4\u9ece\u68ad\u9547\u5c45\u91cc\u5893\u7a74\u3002\u5979\u7684\u5144\uff08\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u65af\u53ef\u7f57\u591a\u592b\u65af\u57fa\uff09\u59ca\uff08\u5e03\u7f57\u59ae\u65bd\u62c9\u5a03\u00b7\u5fb7\u5362\u65af\u5361\uff09\u5411\u5893\u7a74\u6d12\u4e0a\u4ece\u6ce2\u5170\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6ce5\u571f\u3002
7\u67087\u65e5\uff1a\u6211\u56fd\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u9662\u957f\u8521\u5143\u57f9\u81f4\u7535\u540a\u5501\u3002
\u5317\u5e73\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u956d\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6240\u957f\u4e25\u6d4e\u6148\u64b0\u6587\uff1a\u201c\u60bc\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\u201d\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e\u300a\u5927\u516c\u62a5\u00b7\u79d1\u5b66\u5468\u520a\u300b\uff0c\u5e76\u8f6c\u8f7d\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u793e\u7f16\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u300b\u6708\u520a\u7b2c\u5341\u516b\u5377\u7b2c\u516b\u671f\uff081007\u201412\u9875\uff0c1934\u5e748\u6708\uff09\u3002
\u5fb7\u6bd4\u5c14\u7eb3\u7ee7\u4efb\u5c45\u91cc\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c\u76f4\u81f31946\u5e74\u4f0a\u96f7\u5a1c\u00b7\u7ea6\u91cc\u5965-\u5c45\u91cc\u63a5\u4efb\u3002
讲述了居里夫人三颗镭的由来。
绛旓細璁茬殑鏄暛鐨勫彂鐜拌呪斺斿眳閲屽か浜烘嫢鏈変笁鍏嬮暛鐨勪簨锛岃〃鐜颁簡濂归唹蹇冧簬绉戝鐮旂┒浜嬩笟澶у叕鏃犵鐨勭簿绁炪
绛旓細浣滆璇炬枃鍥寸粫钀借姳鐢熷啓绉嶈姳鐢熴佹敹鑺辩敓銆佸皾鑺辩敓鍜岃鑺辩敓鍥涢儴鍒嗗唴瀹广傘婅惤鑺辩敓銆嬫槸涓绡囧彊浜嬫暎鏂囷紝鍏ㄦ枃鍥寸粫鈥滅鑺辩敓鈥斺旀敹鑺辩敓鈥斺斿悆鑺辩敓鈥斺旇鑺辩敓鈥濇潵鍐欙紝鐪熷疄鍦拌褰曚簡浣滆呭皬鏃跺欑殑涓娆″搴椿鍔ㄥ拰鎵鍙楀埌鐨勬暀鑲层傛暎鏂囨弿杩颁簡涓瀹朵汉鏀惰幏鑺辩敓鐨勬儏鏅紝閫氳繃璋堣鑺辩敓鐨勫ソ澶勶紝鍊熺墿鍠讳汉锛屾彮绀轰簡鑺辩敓涓嶅浘铏氬悕銆侀粯榛樺...
绛旓細(1)瀛︿範鐢熷瓧鈥滄儬銆佹洶銆佺鈥,璁よ澶氶煶瀛椻滀负(w猫i)鈥濄佲滃簲(y矛ng)鈥濄 (2)缁撳悎璇炬枃涓殑鏈夊叧瀛楄瘝,璁茶В涓浜涚畝鍗曠殑鏂囪█鏂囧拰鐜颁唬姹夎姣旇緝鐨勭煡璇,姣斿:鏈変簺鍙ゆ眽瀛楀湪鐜颁唬姹夎涓笉甯哥敤;鏂囪█鏂囦腑澶氭槸鍗曢煶鑺傝瘝绛夈 浜屻佺啛璇昏鏂,鐞嗚В鎰忔 1.澶у０鍙嶅鏈楄璇炬枃,鎶璇炬枃璇閫氶『銆傞殢鏈烘娴嬪鐢熻璇炬枃鐨勬儏鍐点 2.杈归粯璇昏...
绛旓細(1)瀛︿範鐢熷瓧鈥滄儬銆佹洶銆佺鈥,璁よ澶氶煶瀛椻滀负(w猫i)鈥濄佲滃簲(y矛ng)鈥濄 (2)缁撳悎璇炬枃涓殑鏈夊叧瀛楄瘝,璁茶В涓浜涚畝鍗曠殑鏂囪█鏂囧拰鐜颁唬姹夎姣旇緝鐨勭煡璇,姣斿:鏈変簺鍙ゆ眽瀛楀湪鐜颁唬姹夎涓笉甯哥敤;鏂囪█鏂囦腑澶氭槸鍗曢煶鑺傝瘝绛夈 浜屻佺啛璇昏鏂,鐞嗚В鎰忔 1.澶у０鍙嶅鏈楄璇炬枃,鎶璇炬枃璇閫氶『銆傞殢鏈烘娴嬪鐢熻璇炬枃鐨勬儏鍐点 2.杈归粯璇昏...
绛旓細棣栧厛璁蹭簡鍦扮悆缇庝附鑰屾负灏忥紝涓嶄細鍐嶉暱澶э紱鍏舵璁蹭簡鍦扮悆鎵鎷ユ湁鐨勮嚜鐒惰祫婧愭槸鏈夐檺鐨勶紱鍐嶆璁蹭簡鐩墠浜虹被鏃犳硶绉诲眳鍏朵粬鏄熺悆锛涙渶鍚庡憡璇変汉绫昏绮惧績淇濇姢鍦扮悆锛屼繚鎶ゅ湴鐞冪殑鐢熸佺幆澧冦
绛旓細涓銆佹兂璞℃儏澧,鎰熸儏鏈楄 1.鏈楄璇炬枃,璇磋璇炬枃璁蹭簡涓浠朵粈涔堜簨? 2.鍑虹ず鍙ュ瓙: 瀛旀寚浠ョず鍎挎洶:鈥滄鏄悰瀹舵灉銆傗濆効搴斿０绛旀洶:鈥滄湭闂诲瓟闆鏄か瀛愬绂姐傗 璇昏杩欎袱涓彞瀛,鎯宠薄褰撴椂鐨勬儏澧,璇磋褰撴椂涓や汉浼氭槸鎬庢牱鐨勭鎯?璇磋瘽鏃朵細鐢ㄦ庢牱鐨勮姘?(瀛斿悰骞冲彲鑳芥槸绁炴佸緢闅忎究,鐢氳嚦鏈変簺鐪嬩笉璧峰皬瀛,璁や负浠栬繕鏄竴涓瀛,璇磋瘽鐨勮姘...
绛旓細1.璇炬枃绠璇淬傝繖绡囪鏂囨槸涓归害浣滃瀹夊緬鐢熺殑涓绡囪憲鍚嶇璇,璁茶堪浜嗕竴涓崠鐏煷鐨勫皬濂冲澶у勾澶滃喕姝诲湪琛楀ご鐨勬晠浜嬨傚啓瀹炲拰鍐欒櫄浜ゆ浛杩涜,缇庝附鐨勫够璞″拰娈嬮叿鐨勭幇瀹炴洿杩嚭鐜,鏄繖绡囩璇濈殑鐗圭偣,涔熸槸杩欎釜鍑勭編鐨勬晠浜嬫渶鎵撳姩浜哄績鐨勫湴鏂广備綔鑰呭紑澶存弿鍐欎簡灏忓コ瀛╃殑澶勫:澶у勾澶滅殑琛楀ご鍙堝喎鍙堥粦,澶╀笅鐫闆,灏忓コ瀛╄繕鍦ㄨ澶村崠鐏煷銆傛帴鐫,鍐...
绛旓細璇炬枃涓婚锛璇炬枃璁茶堪浜涓鍙侀夯闆鍦ㄥ己澶х殑鐚庣嫍闈㈠墠锛屽涓嶉【韬湴淇濇姢灏忛夯闆锛屽厤鍙椾激瀹崇殑鎰熶汉浜嬭抗锛岀儹鎯呭湴璧為浜嗘瘝鐖辩殑寮哄ぇ鍔涢噺銆傛暀鏉愯鍚庝範棰橈細1. 鏈楄璇炬枃銆璇磋璇炬枃鍥寸粫楹婚泙鍐欎簡涓浠朵粈涔堜簨锛岃繖浠朵簨鐨勮捣鍥犮佺粡杩囧拰缁撴灉鏄庢牱鐨勩傝鏂囧啓浜嗕竴鍙侀夯闆鍦ㄧ寧鐙楅潰鍓嶅涓嶉【韬湴淇濇姢灏忛夯闆鐨勬晠浜嬨傝繖浠朵簨鐨勮捣鍥狅細...
绛旓細1.澶у０鏈楄璇炬枃,瀛椼佽瘝銆佸彞瑕佽濂姐 2.鍒嗘鏈楄,甯堢敓鐩告満鐐硅瘎銆傞噸鐐规寚瀵艰濂界鍥涙銆 3.璇讳簡璇炬枃,浣犺兘璇磋璇炬枃涓昏鍐欎簡浠涔? 4.浜ゆ祦璁ㄨ銆傜浉鏈哄嚭绀:鎴戜负鐝嶇彔楦熺簿蹇冨仛宸 灏忕弽鐝犻笩闈炲父鍙埍銆 鐝嶇彔楦熻窡鎴戣秺鏉ヨ秺浜插瘑銆 5銆佹牴鎹佸笀缁欏嚭鐨勬彁绾,缁欒鏂囧垎娈点傜涓娈(1锝2鑺);绗簩娈(绗3鑺);绗笁娈(4锝...
绛旓細(1)璇昏璁拌涓嬪垪璇嶈:缂栭犮佺牬缁姐佸己璋冦佹暀璁侀┏鍊掋佽璇併佹潈濞併佺硦寮勩佸彈鐩娿佸嚭浜烘剰鏂欍佺洰鐬彛鍛嗐侀ザ鏈夎叮鍛炽(2)璇磋璇炬枃璁蹭簡涓浠朵粈涔堜簨銆(3)瀛︾敓鏈楄鎵惧埌鐨勬湁鍏冲彞瀛愩傜敤鑷繁鐨勮瘽璇磋鎬鐗规．鑰佸笀鏄庢牱鐨勮佸笀銆備簩銆佸啀璇昏鏂,璧拌繎鈥滄渶濂界殑鑰佸笀鈥1.鏈楄鍙ュ瓙,鈥滀粬鏄竴涓緢鏈変釜鎬х殑浜,鏁欏鏂规硶鐙壒,甯稿父鏈夊嚭...
