美国有份文件叫《独立宣言》的吗？
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\u3000\u3000The Declaration of Independence
\u3000\u3000(American Memory Collection, Library of Congress)
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\u3000\u3000\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a \u6708\u6f02\u661f\u6d77 2005-4-25 09:52 \u56de\u590d\u6b64\u53d1\u8a00
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\u3000\u30002 \u56de\u590d\uff1a\u300a\u72ec\u7acb\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u5168\u6587
\u3000\u3000THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
\u3000\u3000July 4, 1776
\u3000\u3000In Congress, July 4, 1776,
\u3000\u3000THE UNANIMOUS DECLARATION OF THE THIRTEEN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
\u3000\u3000When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the Powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
\u3000\u3000We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.
\u3000\u3000That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.
\u3000\u3000That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to the m shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shown, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Des potism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.
\u3000\u3000Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world.
\u3000\u3000He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.
\u3000\u3000He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.
\u3000\u3000He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.
\u3000\u3000He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.
\u3000\u3000He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people.
\u3000\u3000\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a \u6708\u6f02\u661f\u6d77 2005-4-25 09:52 \u56de\u590d\u6b64\u53d1\u8a00
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\u3000\u3000He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the Legislative powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the mean time exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within.
\u3000\u3000He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws of Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands .
\u3000\u3000He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary powers.
\u3000\u3000He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.
\u3000\u3000He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harass our People, and eat out their substance.
\u3000\u3000He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislatures.
\u3000\u3000He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil power.
\u3000\u3000He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation:
\u3000\u3000For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:
\u3000\u3000For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from Punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States:
\u3000\u3000For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world:
\u3000\u3000For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent:
\u3000\u3000For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury:
\u3000\u3000For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offences:
\u3000\u3000For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighbouring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into t hese Colonies:
\u3000\u3000For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws, and altering fundamentally the Forms of our Governments:
\u3000\u3000For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.
\u3000\u3000He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us.
\u3000\u3000He has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the Lives of our people.
\u3000\u3000He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to compleat the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty & perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the H ead of a civilized nation.
\u3000\u3000He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands.
\u3000\u3000\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a \u6708\u6f02\u661f\u6d77 2005-4-25 09:52 \u56de\u590d\u6b64\u53d1\u8a00
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\u3000\u3000He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages, whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions.
\u3000\u3000In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A Prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.
\u3000\u3000Nor have We been wanting in attention to our British brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and sett lement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They too have been deaf t o the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War, in Peace Friends.
\u3000\u3000We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Bri tain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do. An d for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the Protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor.
\u3000\u3000JOHN HANCOCK, President
\u3000\u3000Attested, CHARLES THOMSON, Secretary
\u3000\u3000New Hampshire: JOSIAH BARTLETT, WILLIAM WHIPPLE, MATTHEW THORNTON
\u3000\u3000Massachusetts-Bay: SAMUEL ADAMS, JOHN ADAMS, ROBERT TREAT PAINE, ELBRIDGE GERRY
\u3000\u3000Rhode Island: STEPHEN HOPKINS, WILLIAM ELLERY
\u3000\u3000Connecticut: ROGER SHERMAN, SAMUEL HUNTINGTON, WILLIAM WILLIAMS, OLIVER WOLCOTT
\u3000\u3000Georgia: BUTTON GWINNETT, LYMAN HALL, GEO. WALTON
\u3000\u3000Maryland: SAMUEL CHASE, WILLIAM PACA, THOMAS STONE, CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON
\u3000\u3000Virginia: GEORGE WYTHE, RICHARD HENRY LEE, THOMAS JEFFERSON, BENJAMIN HARRISON, THOMAS NELSON, JR., FRANCIS LIGHTFOOT LEE, CARTER BRAXTON.
\u3000\u3000New York: WILLIAM FLOYD, PHILIP LIVINGSTON, FRANCIS LEWIS, LEWIS MORRIS
\u3000\u3000Pennsylvania: ROBERT MORRIS, BENJAMIN RUSH, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, JOHN MORTON, GEORGE CLYMER, JAMES SMITH, GEORGE TAYLOR, JAMES WILSON, GEORGE ROSS
\u3000\u3000Delaware: CAESAR RODNEY, GEORGE READ, THOMAS M'KEAN
\u3000\u3000North Carolina: WILLIAM HOOPER, JOSEPH HEWES, JOHN PENN
\u3000\u3000South Carolina: EDWARD RUTLEDGE, THOMAS HEYWARD, JR., THOMAS LYNCH, JR., ARTHUR MIDDLETON
\u3000\u3000New Jersey: RICHARD STOCKTON, JOHN WITHERSPOON, FRANCIS HOPKINS, JOHN HART, ABRAHAM CLARK
\u3000\u3000------------------------------------
\u3000\u3000Prepared by Gerald Murphy (The Cleveland Free-Net - aa300)
\u3000\u3000Distributed by the Cybercasting Services Division of the National Public Telecomputing Network (NPTN).
独立宣言是一份于由托玛斯·杰斐逊(1743－1826)起草，并由其它13个殖民地代表签署的最初声明北美十三个殖民地摆脱英国的殖民统治的文件。
1776年7月4日，大陆会议通过了《独立宣言》。
有，美国宣布独立的时候，向世界公布的一个文件！
绛旓細缇庡浗绔嬪浗鏂囦功鍖呮嫭銆婄嫭绔嬪瑷銆嬪拰瀹硶銆備竴銆併婄嫭绔嬪瑷銆嬨婄嫭绔嬪瑷銆嬫槸缇庡浗鐙珛鎴樹簤鏈熼棿鐢辨墭椹柉路鏉版枑閫婄瓑55鍚嶄唬琛ㄦ墍璧疯崏鐨勬枃涔︼紝鏈缁堜簬1776骞7鏈4鏃ョ缃层傚畠瀹ｅ竷缇庡埄鍧氬崄涓夊窞鑴辩鑻卞浗鐨勬畺姘戠粺娌伙紝鎴愪负鑷敱鐙珛鐨勫浗瀹躲傘婄嫭绔嬪瑷銆嬩笉浠呯‘绔嬩簡缇庡浗鐨勭嫭绔嬪湴浣嶏紝杩樺瀹氫簡缇庡浗鐨勪环鍊艰涓庡師鍒欙紝渚嬪澶╄祴浜烘潈銆佽嚜...
绛旓細銆婄嫭绔嬪瑷銆锛圱he Declaration of Independence锛夛紝鏄寳缇庢床鍗佷笁涓嫳灞炴畺姘戝湴瀹ｅ憡鑷ぇ涓嶅垪棰犵帇鍥界嫭绔嬶紝骞跺鏄庢涓炬褰撴т箣鏂囧憡銆1776骞7鏈4鏃ワ紝鏈瑷鐢辩浜屽眾澶ч檰浼氳锛圫econd Continental Congress锛変簬璐瑰煄鎵瑰噯锛岃繖涓澶╁悗鎴愪负缇庡浗鐙珛绾康鏃ャ傚瑷涔嬪師浠剁敱澶ч檰浼氳鍑哄腑浠ｈ〃鍏卞悓绛剧讲锛屽苟姘镐箙灞曠ず浜庣編鍥藉崕鐩涢】...
绛旓細鏅曪紝閭ｆ槸缇庡浗寤哄浗锛屼竴涓爣蹇楁х殑鏂囦欢锛屾澃鏂愰婅捣鑽変簡銆婄嫭绔嬪瑷銆嬬殑绗竴绋匡紝瀵屽叞鍏嬫灄绛変汉鍙堣繘琛屼簡娑﹁壊銆傚ぇ闄嗕細璁姝ょ鍙堣繘琛屼簡闀挎椂闂寸殑銆佹縺鐑堢殑杈╄锛屾渶缁堜綔鍑轰簡閲嶅ぇ鐨勪慨鏀广傜壒鍒槸鍦ㄤ綈娌讳簹鍜屽崱缃楁潵绾充唬琛ㄤ滑鐨勫潥鎸佷笅锛屽垹鍘讳簡鏉版枑閫婂鑻辩帇涔旀不涓変笘鍏佽鍦ㄦ畺姘戝湴淇濇寔濂撮毝鍒跺拰濂撮毝涔板崠鐨勬湁鍔涜按璐ｃ傝繖涓閮ㄥ垎鐨勫師鏂...
绛旓細銆愮瓟妗堛戯細B 銆婄編鍥界嫭绔嬪瑷銆锛屼负鍖楃編娲插崄涓変釜鑻卞睘娈栨皯鍦板鍛婅嚜澶т笉鍒楅鐜嬪浗鐙珛锛屽苟瀹ｆ槑姝や妇姝ｅ綋鎬т箣鏂囧憡銆傛瀹ｈ█涓虹編鍥芥渶閲嶈鐨勭珛鍥芥枃涔︿箣涓銆傜嫭绔嬪瑷鏄竴浠戒簬1776骞7鏈4鏃ョ敱鎵橀┈鏂紟鏉版枑閫婅捣鑽夛紝骞剁敱鍏朵粬13涓畺姘戝湴浠ｈ〃绛剧讲鐨勬渶鍒濆０鏄庣編鍥戒粠鑻卞浗鐙珛鐨勬枃浠锛屽瑷缁ф壙骞跺彂灞曚簡娲涘厠鐨勫ぉ璧嬩汉鏉冨璇达紝鎶...
绛旓細鍥炵瓟锛缇庡浗銆婄嫭绔嬪瑷銆(The Declaration of Independence) 鐙珛瀹ｈ█鏄竴浠戒簬鐢辨墭鐜涙柉路鏉版枑閫(1743-1826)璧疯崏,骞剁敱鍏跺畠13涓畺姘戝湴浠ｈ〃绛剧讲鐨勬渶鍒濆０鏄庡寳缇庡崄涓変釜娈栨皯鍦版憜鑴辫嫳鍥界殑娈栨皯缁熸不鐨鏂囦欢銆 1776骞7鏈4鏃,澶ч檰浼氳閫氳繃浜嗐婄嫭绔嬪瑷銆嬨 鍦ㄦ暣涓18涓栫邯60骞翠唬鍜18涓栫邯70骞翠唬涔嬮棿,鑻卞浗鍜屽叾鍖楃編娈栨皯鍦颁箣闂...
绛旓細銆愮瓟妗堛戯細B A椤归敊璇紝銆婄嫭绔嬪瑷銆涓哄寳缇庢床鍗佷笁涓嫳灞炴畺姘戝湴瀹ｅ憡鑷ぇ涓嶅垪棰犵帇鍥界嫭绔嬶紝骞跺鏄庢涓炬褰撴т箣鏂囧憡锛汢椤规纭紝銆婄嫭绔嬪瑷銆嬩负缇庡浗鏈閲嶈鐨勭珛鍥芥枃涔︿箣涓锛屽畠鐨勬壒鍑嗕箣鏃ュ嵆7鏈4鏃ユ垚涓缇庡浗鐙珛绾康鏃ワ紱C椤归敊璇紝銆婄嫭绔嬪瑷銆嬫槸鐢辨墭椹柉路鏉版枑閫婅捣鑽夛紝骞剁敱鍏朵粬13涓畺姘戝湴浠ｈ〃绛剧讲鐨勬渶鍒濈敵鏄庣編鍥...
绛旓細鏄湡鐨勩傚ぇ闄嗕細璁姇绁ㄩ氳繃浼楁畺姘戝湴鐙珛鏄湪7鏈2鏃ワ紝鐩稿簲鐨勫瑷鏂囦功銆婄嫭绔嬪瑷銆鍒欐槸7鏈4鏃ヨ〃鍐抽氳繃鐨勩傚彲浠ヨ繖涔堢悊瑙ｏ細1776骞7鏈2鏃ワ紝鍖楃編鍚勬畺姘戝湴鍐冲畾鐙珛锛屼袱鏃ュ悗鍙戣〃姝ｅ紡鏂囧憡鍚戜笘鐣屽瑷銆
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绛旓細銆婄嫭绔嬪瑷銆棰佸竷鏃堕棿锛1776骞7鏈4鏃ャ銆婄編鍥鐙珛瀹ｈ█銆嬶紙United States Declaration of Independence锛夛紝涓哄寳缇庢床鍗佷笁涓嫳灞炴畺姘戝湴瀹ｅ憡鑷ぇ涓嶅垪棰犵帇鍥界嫭绔嬶紝骞跺鏄庢涓炬褰撴т箣鏂囧憡銆1776骞7鏈4鏃ワ紝鏈瑷鐢辩浜屾澶ч檰浼氳锛圫econd Continental Congress锛変簬璐瑰煄鎵瑰噯锛岃繖涓澶╁悗鏉ユ垚涓缇庡浗鐨鐙珛绾康鏃ャ傘...
