在标况下,将224LHCL气体溶于635ML水中,所得盐酸的密度为1.18g/cm3，求此溶液的质量分数？
\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c06224LHCl\u6c14\u4f53\u6eb6\u4e8e635mL\u6c34\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u5f97\u76d0\u9178\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e3a1.18g/cm3\uff0e\u8bd5\u8ba1\u7b97\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u53d6\u51fa\u8fd9\u79cd\u76d0\u9178100m\uff081\uff09n\uff08HCl\uff09=224L22.4L/mol=10mol\uff0cm\uff08HCl\uff09=10mol\u00d736.5g?mol-1=365g\uff0c\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u4f53\u79efV=365g+635g1.18g/cm3=847ml=0.847L\uff0c\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u6d53\u5ea6c=10mol0.847L=11.8mol/L\uff1b\u8bbe\u7a00\u91ca\u540e\u5f97\u76d0\u9178\u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\u4e3ac1\uff0c\u7531\u7a00\u91ca\u5b9a\u5f8b\u53ef\u5f97\uff1a11.8mol/L\u00d70.1L=c1\u00d71.18L\uff0c\u89e3\u5f97\uff1ac1=1mol/L\uff0c\u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a1mol/L\uff1a\uff082\uff09n\uff08Na2CO3\uff09=0.040L\u00d70.065mol?L-1=0.0026 mol\uff0c\u8bbe\u52a0\u5165\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u6700\u591a\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7x mL\uff0c\u5219n\uff08HCl\uff09=1mol?L-1\u00d70.001x L=0.001x mol\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u53cd\u5e94Na2CO3+HCl\u2550NaHCO3+NaCl\uff0c\u53ef\u5f970.0026=0.001x\uff0c\u89e3\u5f97x=2.6\uff0c\u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\uff1a2.6\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u84b8\u53d1\u4e2d\u548c\u540e\u7684\u6eb6\u6db2\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6240\u5f97\u56fa\u4f53\u4e3aNaCl\uff0c\u6839\u636eCl\u5143\u7d20\u5b88\u6052\uff1an\uff08NaCl\uff09=n\uff08HCl\uff09=0.050L\u00d72mol?L-1=0.1mol\uff0c\u6545m\uff08NaCl\uff09=0.1mol\u00d758.5g?mol-1=5.85g\uff0c\u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\uff1a5.85\uff0e
\uff081\uff09n\uff08HCl\uff09=224L22.4L/mol=10mol\uff0cm\uff08HCl\uff09=10mol\u00d736.5g?mol-1=365g\uff0c635mL\u6c34\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3a635mL\u00d71g/mL=635g\uff0c\u76d0\u9178\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6570w=365g365g+635g\u00d7100%=36.5%\uff0cc\uff08HCl\uff09=1000\u03c1\u03c9M=1000\u00d71.18\u00d736.5%36.5mol/L=11.8mol/L\uff0c\u7b54\uff1a\u6240\u5f97\u76d0\u9178\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u6d53\u5ea6\u4e3a11.8mol/L\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u6839\u636ec\uff08\u6d53\uff09?V\uff08\u6d53\uff09=c\uff08\u7a00\uff09?V\uff08\u7a00\uff09\u53ef\u77e5\uff1ac\uff08\u7a00\uff09=11.8mol?L-1\u00d70.1L\u00f71.18L=1mol?L-1\uff0c\u7b54\uff1a\u6240\u5f97\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u6d53\u5ea6\u4e3a1mol?L-1\uff1b\uff083\uff09n\uff08Na2CO3\uff09=0.040L\u00d70.065mol?L-1=0.0026 mol\uff0c\u4f7f\u53cd\u5e94\u4e0d\u4ea7\u751fCO2\u6c14\u4f53\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u53cd\u5e94\uff1aNa2CO3+HCl\u2550NaHCO3+NaCl\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u53ef\u77e5\u6d88\u8017HCl\u4e3a0.0026mol\uff0c\u8bbe\u52a0\u5165\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u6700\u591a\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7x mL\uff0c\u5219n\uff08HCl\uff09=1mol?L-1\u00d70.001x L=0.001x mol\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u53cd\u5e94Na2CO3+HCl\u2550NaHCO3+NaCl\uff0c\u53ef\u5f970.0026=0.001x\uff0c\u89e3\u5f97x=2.6\uff0c\u7b54\uff1a\u52a0\u5165\u7a00\u76d0\u9178\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u6700\u591a\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc72.6\u6beb\u5347\uff0e
m(溶液)=m(HCl)+m(H2O)ρ(H2O)=1g/cm3
m(HCl)=[V(HCl)/Vm]*M(HCl)
=224L/(22.4L/mol) * 36.5g/mol
=365g
m(H2O0=V(H2O)ρ(H2O)
=635mL*1g/mL
=635g
所以
m(溶液)=365g+635g=1000g
ω=m(HCl)/m(溶液）
=365/1000 * 100%
=36.5%
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