中国古代历史上中央政府对少数民族的管理措施是战争是 历代中央政府处理少数民族关系问题上的举措有哪些
\u600e\u6837\u770b\u5f85\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u4e8e\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8c0e\u8a00--\u5143\u671d\u4e0e\u6e05\u671d
\u8fd1 \u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u5434\u4e09\u6842\u5f15\u6e05\u5175\u5165\u5173\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u6380\u8d77\u4e86\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u7ee7\u800c\u6ce2\u53ca\u5230\u5cb3\u98de\u662f\u5426\u6c11\u65cf\u82f1\u96c4\u3002\u4e3a \u4f55\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u5462\uff1f\u5927\u6982\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c \u6211\u4eec\u8981\u6de1\u5316\u5434\u4e09\u6842\u5f15\u6e05\u5175\u5165\u5173\u662f\u5356\u56fd\u7684\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u6ee1\u65cf\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u201c\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u65cf\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u4e86\uff0c\u5434\u4e09\u6842\u5f15\u7684\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u519b\u961f\uff0c\u53c8\u4f55\u6765\u662f\u5356\u56fd \u5462\uff1f\u53e6 \u5916\uff0c\u5cb3\u98de\u6297\u91d1\uff0c\u4ed6\u6297\u7684\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u201c\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u65cf\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u7f3a\u5c11\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u90a3\u4ed6\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u6218\u4efd\u5b50\uff0c\u53c8\u4f55\u6765\u662f\u6c11\u65cf\u82f1\u96c4\u5462\uff1f\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u514b\u7f57\u9f50\u66fe \u7ecf\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u90fd\u662f\u5f53\u4ee3\u53f2\u3002 \u4ed6\u7684\u610f\u601d\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5728\u7f16\u64b0\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u81ea\u89c9\u4e0d\u81ea\u89c9\u7684\u4ee5\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u773c\u5149\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u81ea\u89c9\u4e0d\u81ea\u89c9\u7684 \u7ad9\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u53bb\u8003\u8651\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u5bf9\u4eca\u5929\u6709\u7528\u7684\u4e1c\u897f.\u3002.\u4f46\u5e76\u975e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ad9\u5728\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5984\u987e\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u4ee5\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4e3a\u51c6\u7ef3\uff0c\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u53d6\u820d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f \u6076\u610f\u7684\u6b6a\u66f2\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fce\u5408\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u9700\u8981\u3002
\u6e05\u671d\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u88ab\u901a\u53e4\u65af\u4eba\u5f81\u670d\u548c\u6b96\u6c11\u7684\u4ea1\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u671d\u4ee3
\u901a\u53e4\u65af\u4eba(\u6ee1\u4eba)\u4fb5\u7565\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c \u8c08\u53ca\u6b64\u4e8b\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u4eba\u4eec\u90fd\u4f1a\u95ee\uff1a\u201c\u6e05\u671d\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u671d\u4ee3\u5417\uff1f\u4e0d\u662f\uff01\u5be5\u5be5\u65e0\u51e0\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u4eba\u56de\u7b54\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\uff01\u7edd\u5bf9\u662f\uff01\u7acb\u5373\u6709\u65e0\u6570\u4eba\u53cd\u5bf9\u8bf4\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5462?\u8bf4\u662f\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u6ee1 \u4eba\u8bf4\u6c49\u8bed\uff0c\u6ee1\u4eba\u6700\u7ec8\u5728\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u88ab\u6211\u4eec\u540c\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6ee1\u6e05\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u671d\u4ee3\u3002
\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6ee1\u6e05\u7acb\u56fd\u5b9a\u6ee1\u8bed\u4e3a\u56fd\u8bed\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6ee1\u8bed\u624d\u662f\u5927\u6e05\u56fd\u7684 \u5b98\u65b9\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u521d\u53f6\u81f3\u4e2d\u53f6\u4e43\u81f319\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u4ef6\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4ee5\u6ee1\u6587\uff08\u6e05\u5b57\uff09\u4e66\u5199\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5c3c\u5e03\u695a\u6761\u7ea6\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u6761\u7ea6 \u4ec5\u6709\u6ee1\u3001\u4fc4\u3001\u62c9\u4e01\u4e09\u79cd\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6c49\u6587\u7248\u672c\u4ec5\u5728\u523b\u5236\u7684\u754c\u7891\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\uff08\u7891\u6587\u5171\u6709\u6ee1\u3001\u8499\u3001\u6c49\u3001\u4fc4\u3001\u62c9\u4e01\u4e94\u79cd\u6587\u672c\uff09\u300219\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u624d\u4e24\u8005\u5e76\u7528\u4e66\u5199\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u4eca \u5929\uff0cEVEN,EVENKI\uff08 \u9102\u6e29\u514b\u8bed \uff09,NANAI\uff08\u8d6b\u54f2 \u8bed\uff09,NEGIDAL,OROCH,OROK,UDIHE(UDEGE),ULCH\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6ee1\u8bed\u4ecd\u5728\u88ab\u8499\u53e4\u56fd\u548c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af \u8054\u90a6\u7684\u6ee1\u4eba\u6240\u4f7f\u7528,\u8bf4\u6ee1\u4eba\u88ab\u4e2d\u56fd\u540c\u5316\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u81ea\u6b3a\u6b3a\u4eba\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u6070\u6070\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u8bed(\u666e\u901a\u8bdd) \u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u5e74\u6ee1\u6e05\u901a\u8fc7\u6b66\u529b\u624b\u6bb5\u5f3a\u5236\u63a8\u5e7f\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u7ae0\u592a\u708e\u5c31\u66fe\u7ecf\u6279\u5224\u8fc7\u666e\u901a\u8bdd\uff0c\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a\u201c\u91d1\u9791\u864f\u8bed\u201d\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c \u4e0a\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u6309\u7167\u8bed\u8a00\u5212\u5206\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u89c4\u77e9\u3002\u4e0d\u5c11\u975e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u8bf4\u82f1\u8bed\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5417\uff1f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u548c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u4eba\u90fd\u8bf4\u6c49\u8bed\uff0c\u4f46\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5417\uff1f\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd \u8bf4\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8bed\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5417\uff1f\u65e5\u672c\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001 \u97e9\u56fd\u540c\u4e3a\u5112\u5bb6\u6587\u5316\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f46\u80fd\u8bf4\u4e2d\u65e5\u97e9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5417\uff1f\u80fd\u8bf4\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5185\u6218\u5417\uff1f\u6cd5\u3001\u5fb7\u540c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5417\uff1f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u6df7\u4e71
\u4f46\u662f\u5230 \u6b64\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u8fd8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6e05\u671d\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u671d\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53c8\u4f1a\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u6ee1\u4eba\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6ee1\u4eba\u4e5f\u5e94\u7b97\u4f5c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u3002\u201d
\u8fd9 \u79cd\u903b\u8f91\u5c31\u7b49\u4e8e\u5728\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4eca\u5929\u7f8e\u56fd\u9ed1\u4eba\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7956\u5b97\u5341\u516b\u4ee3\u90fd\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u3002\u201d \u51b5\u4e14\u6ee1\u4eba\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u5417\uff1f\u4e0d\u662f\uff0c\u6ee1\u4eba\u539f\u5148\u662f\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u897f\u4f2f\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u901a\u53e4\u65af\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4ecd \u7136\u6709\u6ee1\u4eba\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u90a3\u91cc \u3002\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u6ee1\u6d32\u5317\u90e8\u8fd8\u5728\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5883\u5185\u3002\u6ee1\u65cf\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af \u6709\uff0c \u671d\u9c9c\u4e5f\u6709\uff0c\u6ee1\u65cf\u4e5f\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u3002\u6309\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u90a3\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\u548c\u671d\u9c9c\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u66fe\u7ecf\u5f81\u670d\u5e76\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e2d\u56fd300\u5e74\u3002\u201d\uff1f\u800c \u4e14\u6309\u7167\u56fd \u9645\u60ef\u4f8b\uff0c\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u53bb\u4e16\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u56fd \u7c4d\uff0c\u4f9d\u636e\u7684\u662f\u6b64\u4eba\u751f\u524d\u7684\u56fd\u7c4d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u4ed6\u6b7b\u540e\u4ed6\u7684\u51fa\u751f\u5730\u5c5e\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u674e\u767d\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u5bd3\u788e\u53f6\uff0c\u6b64\u5730\u5728\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u5409\u5c14\u5409\u65af\u5766\u5883\u5185\u3002\u6309\u7167\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u674e\u767d\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5409\u5c14\u5409\u65af \u5766\u4eba\u4e86\uff1f
\u5b59\u4e2d\u5c71\u5728\u300a\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8bb2\u4e2d\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff1a\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u51e0\u5343\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u538b\u8feb\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u5b8c\u5168\u4ea1\u56fd\uff0c\u5df2\u6709\u4e86\u4e24\u6b21\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u662f\u5143\u671d\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u662f\u6e05\u671d\u3002\u201d
\u81ea13\u4e16\u7eaa\u8499\u53e4\u7edf\u6cbb\u6ee1\u6d32\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5973\u771f\u4eba\u5f00\u59cb\u8499\u53e4\u5316\uff0c\u505a\u8499\u53e4\u58eb\u5b98\uff0c\u7528\u8499\u53e4\u8bed\u8d77\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u53f2\u89c1\u4e0d\u7edd\u3002\u52aa\u5c14\u54c8\u8d64\u548c\u7687\u592a\u6781\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u4eb2\u8fd1\u8499\u53e4\u6587\u5316\u3002\u52aa\u5c14\u54c8\u8d64\u7684\u5c0a\u53f7Sure Beile(\u6dd1\u52d2\u8d1d\u52d2)\u548cKundulen Han(\u6606\u90fd\u4ed1\u6c57)\u5747\u4e3a\u8499\u53e4\u8bed\u3002\u52aa\u5c14\u54c8\u8d64\u5f1f\u8212\u5c14\u54c8\u9f50\uff0c\u8d50\u53f7\u4e3a\u201c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6c57\u5df4\u56fe\u9c81\u201d (\u8499\u53e4\u8bed\u201c\u8363\u8a89\u7684\u52c7\u58eb\u201d)\uff0c\u5f02\u6bcd\u5f1f\u5df4\u96c5\u5587\uff0c\u8d50\u53f7\u4e3a\u5353\u91cc\u514b\u56fe(\u8499\u53e4\u8bed\u201c\u679c\u6562\u201d )\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u5f02\u6bcd\u5f1f\u7a46\u5c14\u54c8\u9f50\uff0c\u8d50\u53f7\u4e3a\u201c\u9752\u5df4\u56fe\u9c81\u201d (\u8499\u53e4\u8bed\u201c\u5fe0\u8bda\u7684\u52c7\u58eb\u201d )\u3002 \u52aa\u5c14\u54c8\u8d64\u8fd8\u7528\u8499\u53e4\u8bed\u7ed9\u513f\u5b50\u3001\u5916\u5b59\u8d77\u540d\u3002\u7687\u592a\u6781\u53ca\u5176\u5144\u4ee3\u5584\u3001\u83bd\u53e4\u5c14\u6cf0\u7b49\u4eba\u4e4b\u540d\u5c31\u662f\u8499\u53e4\u8bed\u3002
\u540e\u91d1\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u52aa\u5c14\u54c8\u8d64\u3001\u8212\u5c14\u54c8\u9f50\u4e0e\u8499\u53e4\u901a\u5a5a\u3002\u81ea\u4e07\u5386\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u5e74(1593\u5e74)\u540e\u8499\u53e4\u79d1\u5c14\u6c81\u90e8\u4e0e\u52aa\u5c14\u54c8\u8d64\u7ed3\u76df\u3002\u7687\u592a\u6781\u65f6\u7ee7\u7eed\u52a0\u5f3a\u6ee1\u8499\u519b\u4e8b\u8054\u59fb\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u7687\u592a\u6781\u5a36\u8499\u53e4\u5973\u5b50\u4e3a\u59bb\u5ba4\uff0c\u5176\u5144\u5f1f\u5b50\u4f84\u7b49\u738b\u516c\u8d1d\u52d2\u4e5f\u591a\u7eb3\u8499\u53e4\u5973\u5b50\u4e3a\u738b\u5983\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7687\u5ba4\u683c\u683c\u8fdc\u5ac1\u8499\u53e4\u8349\u539f.\u6ee1\u8499\u8054\u59fb\u5236\u5ea6\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7eed\u5230\u6e05\u672b\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u5927\u6e05\u56fd\u7687\u65cf\u90fd\u662f\u6ee1\u8499\u6df7\u8840\u513f\u3002\u6e05\u56fd\u519b\u961f\u6ee1\u671d\u904d\u91ce\u90fd\u662f\u8499\u53e4\u9a91\u5175\u3002
\u5c31\u8fde\u201c\u5927\u6e05\u201d\u56fd\u53f7\u4e5f\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u8499\u53e4\u8bed\u201cDaičin\u201d( \u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u5353\u8d8a\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5584\u6218\u201d\uff0c\u6c49\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u4ee3\u9752\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5927\u6e05\u201d)\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u90fd\u6ca1\u8bf4\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u5927\u6e05\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e2d\u56fd\u201d,\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u8d44\u683c\u8bf4\uff1f
\u6e05 \u519b\u5165\u5173\u5c60 \u6740\u6570\u5343\u4e07\u4eba\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u6bdb\u9aa8\u609a\u7136\u7684\u201c\u5609\u5b9a\u4e09\u5c60\u201d\u548c\u201c\u626c\u5dde\u5341\u65e5\u201d\u7b49\u5927\u5c60\u6740\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5f81\u670d\u8005\u5bf9\u8d1f\u9685\u987d\u6297\u8005\u7684\u60e9\u7f5a\u548c\u9547\u538b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6e05\u519b\u6740\u4eba\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6570\u5b57\u4e0a\u5c11\u4e8e\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\uff0c \u4f46\u6bd4\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u7684\u5200\u6cd5\u66f4\u201c\u7cbe\u51c6\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u7528\u6050\u6016\u6765\u5f81\u670d\u548c\u652f\u914d\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u91cf\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u6050\u6016\u7684\u201c\u5243\u53d1\u4ee4\u201d\uff0c\u7559\u53d1\u4e0d\u7559\u5934\uff0c\u7559\u5934\u4e0d\u7559\u53d1\uff01\u901a\u53e4\u65af\u4eba\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u624b \u6bb5\u5f7b\u5e95\u5f81\u670d\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u4e60\u4fd7\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\u6309\u7167\u901a\u53e4\u65af\u4eba\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u7559\u8d77\u4e86\u8fab\u5b50\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u8fd8\u6709\u4eba\u5e7c\u7a1a\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6ee1\u6d32\u4eba\u6700\u7ec8\u88ab\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u540c\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u6b8b\u9177\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5374\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u88ab\u6ee1\u6d32\u4eba\u540c\u5316\u4e86\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u6240\u8c13 \u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u8bed(\u666e\u901a\u8bdd)\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u6ee1\u4eba\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff1b\u56fd\u7cb9\u4eac\u5267\u662f\u6ee1\u4eba\u7684\u827a\u672f\uff1b\u76f8\u58f0\u548c\u5c0f\u54c1\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u6e05\u671d\u5974\u624d\u5728\u4e3b\u4eba\u9762\u524d\u4e00\u5531\u4e00\u5408\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u518d\u73b0\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u8fd8\u88ab\u5949\u4e3a\u81f3\u5b9d\u7684\u6240\u8c13 \u7684\u201c\u56fd\u670d\u5510\u88c5\u201d\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u5c31\u662f\u6ee1\u4eba\u7684\u65d7\u888d\u9a6c\u8902\u3002\u901a\u53e4\u65af\u6ee1\u6d32\u4eba\u4e5f\u6548\u4eff\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u628a\u4eba\u5206\u4e3a\u56db \u7b49\uff0c\u6ee1\u6d32\u4eba\u548c\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u9ad8\u9ad8\u5728\u4e0a\uff0c\u516b\u65d7\u5b50\u5f1f\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u65e0\u52b3\u800c\u83b7\uff0c\u5750\u4eab\u592a\u5e73\u3002\u800c\u6c49\u4eba\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u59d3\u540d\uff0c\u53eb\u505a \u201c\u5974\u624d\u201d\u3002
\u6e05\u662f\u901a\u53e4\u65af\u4eba\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u6743.\u5927\u5bb6\u8981\u641e\u6e05\u695a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5,\u6e05 \u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u88ab\u5916\u65cf\u5974\u5f79\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6b63\u7edf\u671d\u4ee3\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u4e00\u53a2\u60c5\u613f\u5730\u79f0\u6e05\u671d\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u738b\u671d\uff0c\u53ef\u60dc\u4eba\u5bb6\u6e05\u671d\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u4eec\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1 \u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u3002\u6148\u559c\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u6e05\u975e\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u8fab\u5b50\u4e0d\u80fd\u53bb\uff0c\u8fab\u5b50\u53bb\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0d\u4ea1\u5219\u5927\u6e05\u4ea1\u3002\u201d\uff0c \u201c\u4fdd\u5927\u6e05\u4e0d\u4fdd\u4e2d\u534e \u201d\uff0c"\u5b81\u8d60\u53cb\u90a6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e88\u5bb6\u5974(\u4e2d \u56fd\u4eba) "\uff0c\u201c \u91cf\u4e2d\u534e\u7269\u4e4b\u529b\uff0c\u7ed3\u4e0e\u56fd\u4e4b\u6b22\u5fc3\u3002\u201d \u96cd\u6b63\u5728\u300a\u5927\u4e49\u89c9\u8ff7\u5f55\u300b\u4e2d\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u6715\u4ee5\u5916\u56fd\u4e4b\u541b\uff0c\u4e3b\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e4b \u4e8b\u201d\u3002\u4e7e\u9686\u66f4\u76f4\u767d\uff1a\u201c\u6715\u4e43\u5937\u72c4\u4e4b\u541b\uff0c\u975e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e4b\u4eba\u3002\u201d\u51fa\u8eab\u6ee1\u65cf\u7684\u6e05\u5bab\u5973\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5fb7\u9f84\u5728\u5176\u300a\u6e05\u5bab\u4e24\u5e74\u8bb0\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u544a\u8bc9 \u5979\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u5b50\u3002
\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u4e0d\u77e5\u7f9e\u803b\u5730\u8bf4\u5f53\u5e74\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u9738 \u5360\u4e2d\u56fd \u9886\u571f\u3002\u4f46\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5360\u9886\u7684\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u9886\u571f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6e05\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u9886\u571f\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ea1\u56fd\u4e86\uff0c\u54ea\u8fd8\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u9886\u571f\uff1f\u6ee1\u4eba\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u52bf\u529b\u8303\u56f4\uff1a\u5916\u5174\u5b89\u5cad\u3001\u9ed1\u9f99\u6c5f\u4ee5\u4e1c\u548c\u5e93\u9875 \u5c9b\u8ba9\u7ed9\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6ee1\u4eba\u7684\u65e0\u5948\u4e4b\u4e3e\uff0c\u6ee1\u4eba\u9886\u571f\u7684\u4e27\u5931\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u53c8\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u8d44\u683c\u66ff\u81ea\u5df1\u5f53\u5e74\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\u7d22\u8981\u571f\u5730\u5462\uff1f
\u8499\u53e4\u5e1d\u56fd\u5e2d\u5377\u6b27\u4e9a\u5927\u9646\uff0c\u5143\u671d \u4ec5 \u4ec5\u662f\u5176\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u4e4b\u4e00
\u81f3\u4e8e\u8bf4\u5143\u671d\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u671d\u4ee3\u5c31\u66f4\u52a0\u8352\u5510\u4e86\uff0c\u8499\u53e4\u4e0d\u662f\u6ee1\u6e05\uff0c\u8499\u53e4\u53f2\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u7ea7\u7684\u5386 \u53f2\uff0c\u4e0d\u50cf\u6ee1\u6e05\u5386\u53f2\u4e00\u6837\u5bb9\u6613\u7e82\u6539\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u610f\u6deb\u8499\u53e4\u53f2\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u95f9\u6210\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u53f2\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u7b11\u67c4\u3002
\u5b8b \u5e1d\u56fd\u672b\u5e74,\u6218\u4e71\u56db\u8d77,\u5317\u65b9\u7684\u8499\u53e4\u91d1\u5e10\u6c57\u56fd\u52bf\u529b\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5927,\u7248\u56fe\u4e1c\u8d77\u671d\u9c9c\u534a\u5c9b,\u897f\u81f3\u591a\u7459\u6cb3\u7554,\u5357\u62b5\u5357\u6d77,\u5317\u5230\u897f\u4f2f\u5229\u4e9a,\u534e\u590f\u6c11\u65cf\u4e5f\u5728\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u7684\u94c1\u8e44\u4e0b\u4ea1\u56fd\u4e86,\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f3a\u608d\u7684\u4fb5\u7565\u8005--\u8499\u53e4,\u6211\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u65e0\u529b\u62b5\u6297,\u6ca6\u4e3a\u4ea1\u56fd\u5974\u3002
\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\u4e86\uff1a \u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6709\u4e2a\u8499\u53e4\u65cf\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8499\u53e4\u5386\u53f2\u5c31\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u201d
\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u7684\u94c1\u8e44\u66fe\u7ecf\u8e0f\u904d\u6b27\u4e9a\u5927\u9646\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u6709\u8499\u53e4\u540e\u88d4\u3002 \u8499\u53e4\u65cf\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u6709\uff0c\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u6709\uff0c\u82ac\u5170\u6709\uff0c\u4f0a\u6717\u6709\uff0c\u571f\u8033\u5176\u6709\uff0c\u5308\u7259\u5229\u6709\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u6709\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5f88\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u6709\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u53ea\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6709\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u8981\u62ff\u8499\u53e4\u5e1d\u56fd\u5439\u725b\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e4c \u514b\u5170\u4eba\u751a\u81f3\u5308\u7259\u5229\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bf4\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd8\u6709\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u65cf\uff0c\u54c8\u8428\u514b\u65cf\u548c\u671d\u9c9c\u65cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u53c8\u600e\u4e48\u89e3\u91ca\uff1f\u96be\u9053\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\uff0c\u54c8\u8428\u514b\u65af\u5766\u548c\u671d\u9c9c\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u90fd\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1f\u540c\u6837\u9053 \u7406\uff0c \u6c49\u65cf(\u041a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439)\u4e5f\u662f\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u6309\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u5c82\u4e0d\u662f\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4eba\u7269\u5982\u6c49\u6b66\u5e1d\uff0c\u79e6\u59cb\u7687\u7b49\u90fd\u662f\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u56fd\u7c4d\uff1f\u8352\u5510\u7a0b\u5ea6\u53ef\u60f3\u800c\u77e5
\u53c8 \u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\u4e86\uff1a\u201c\u4eca\u5929\u5185\u8499\u53e4\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8499\u53e4\u5386\u53f2\u5c31\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u201d
\u6211 \u53ea\u80fd\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u975e\u5e38\u65e0\u77e5\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u5728\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u8054\u90a6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u5e03\u91cc\u4e9a\u7279\u5171\u548c\u56fd\uff0c\u5361\u5c14\u6885\u514b \u5171 \u548c\u56fd,\u9791\u977c\u65af\u5766\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u548c\u56fe\u74e6\u5171\u548c\u56fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u90fd\u662f\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u5efa\u7acb\u7684,\u4e2d\u56fd\u624d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8499\u53e4\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u6bd4\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u6709\u8d44\u683c\u8bf4\u8499\u53e4\u662f\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\uff1f\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u8499\u53e4\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u53d1\u6e90\u5730\u4e2d\u4e9a\u548c\u897f\u4f2f \u5229\u4e9a\u5927\u8349 \u539f\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e5f\u4ece\u4e0d\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5883\u5185\u3002\u6210\u5409\u601d\u6c57\u7684\u51fa\u751f\u5730\u65a1\u96be\u6cb3 (\u041e\u043d\u043e\u043d \u0433\u043e\u043b)\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4eca\u5929\u8499\u53e4\u56fd\u548c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u4ea4\u754c\u5904\u3002
\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4eba \u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c56\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u90fd\u662f\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u4e0d \u5355\u5355\u662f\u6c49\u65cf\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u201d
\u90a3\u6211\u8bf7\u95ee\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0d\u662f\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\uff1f\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af170\u591a\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u88ab\u8499\u53e4\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8499\u53e4\u5f81\u670d\u4e2d \u56fd\uff0c\u7b97\u4e0d \u7b97\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\u7684\u8363\u8000\uff1f\u7b97\u4e0d\u7b97\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e2d\u56fd\uff1f\u4e2d\u56fd56\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u5305\u62ec\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u65cf\uff0c\u6309\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u4e5f\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u671d\u4ee3\uff1f
\u5176\u5b9e\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u65cf\u201d\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u6cbb\u8bcd\u6c47\u7f62\u4e86\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a \u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u51e0\u4e4e\u62e5\u6709\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u201c\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u65cf\u201d\u90fd\u80fd\u6210\u7acb\u7684 \u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u201c\u7f8e\u5229\u575a\u6c11\u65cf\u201d\u4e5f\u80fd\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u51e0\u4e4e\u62e5\u6709\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6309\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6240\u6709\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u90fd\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u4e00\u90e8 \u5206,\u672c\u62c9\u767b\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u8428\u8fbe\u59c6 \u4e5f\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u3002\u5475\u5475\uff0c\u5343\u4e07\u522b\u7b11\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u65b9 \u548c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u903b\u8f91
\u8bf4\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u4eba\u4e0d\u80af\u7f62\u4f11\uff0c\u751a\u81f3 \u8fd8\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8499\u53e4\u662f\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u72ec\u7acb\u51fa\u53bb\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8499\u53e4\u5386\u53f2\u5c31\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u201d\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u73b0\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u56b7\u7740\u8bf4\u8981 \u201c\u6536\u590d\u8499\u53e4\u201d\u3002
\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u8499\u53e4\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u9886\u571f\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c \u6070\u6070\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u662f\u8499\u53e4\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e2d\u56fd97\u5e74\uff081271-1368\uff09\uff0c\u7ecf\u5386\u5341\u4e8c\u4ee3\u7687\u5e1d\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u6e05\u5e1d\u56fd296\u5e74\uff08\u6ee1\u8499\u5171\u6cbb\uff09\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u8499\u53e4\u603b\u5171\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1400\u5e74\u3002\u6240\u4ee5 \u6309\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u8499\u53e4\u8bf4\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u81ea\u53e4\u662f\u8499\u53e4\u795e\u5723\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u201d\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5317\u8fb9\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6, \u5404\u4f4d\u5e94\u8be5\u8bb0\u5f97\u662d\u541b\u51fa\u585e\u548c\u82cf\u6b66\u7267\u7f8a\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u5427\u3002\u663e\u7136\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u4ee3\u4ece\u672a\u5360\u9886\u8fc7\u8499\u53e4, \u8499\u53e4\u5374\u5b8c\u5168\u5f81\u670d\u8fc7\u4e2d\u56fd. \u660e\u671d\u65f6\u4e24\u56fd\u4f9d\u7136\u4ea4\u6218, \u660e\u82f1\u5b97\u7687\u5e1d\u88ab\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u6293\u8d70\u3002\u5728\u6e05\u56fd\u65f6\u4ee3, \u6ee1\u8499\u5171\u6cbb\u4e2d\u56fd , \u6ee1\u8499\u8d35\u65cf\u76f8\u4e92\u901a\u5a5a\uff0c\u6ee1\u6e05\u7687\u5ba4\u6709\u4e00\u534a\u8499\u53e4\u8840\u7edf\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5df2\u6ca1\u6709\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e86\u3002\u8fdb\u5165\u6c11\u56fd\u4ee5\u540e, \u867d\u7136\u5317\u6d0b\u519b\u9600\u5f90\u6811\u94ee\u66fe\u77ed\u6682\u7684\u5360\u9886\u8fc7\u5e93\u4f26 (1919\u5e7411\u6708-1920\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u603b\u5171\u4e0d\u52301\u5e74) , \u4f46\u5f88\u5feb\u7684\u88ab\u9a71\u9010\u51fa\u53bb, \u8499\u53e4\u4e5f\u8d81\u673a\u6536\u590d\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5931\u571f (\u4ee5\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u90a3\u662f\u5931\u5730)\u3002\u4e8c\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u90a3\u5e74, \u8499\u53e4\u519b\u961f\u66fe\u8fdb\u5165\u5f20\u5bb6\u53e3, \u76f4\u903c\u5317\u4eac\u3002\u56e0\u6b64, \u8fd1\u767e\u5e74\u6765\u8499\u53e4\u867d\u79ef\u5f31\u4e0d\u632f, \u4f46\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e5f\u5904\u65bc\u4e0b\u98ce\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u8bf4\u8499\u53e4\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u9886\u571f, \u5373\u4f7f\u4ee5\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6765\u770b, \u4e5f\u5f88\u7275\u5f3a, \u8fd8\u5f88\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u8499\u53e4\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u6309\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8499\u53e4\u66fe\u7ecf\u5f81\u670d\u6b27\u4e9a\u5927\u9646\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6b27\u4e9a\u5927\u9646\u81ea\u53e4\u4ee5\u6765\u90fd\u662f\u8499\u53e4\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684\u9886\u571f\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u56de\u5f52\u8499 \u53e4\u624d\u5bf9
\u66f4\u6709\u751a\u8005\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u4eca\u5929\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u540c\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8499\u53e4\u5386\u53f2\u5c31\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u201d
\u5bf9 \u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u6211\u672c\u6765\u4e0d\u60f3\u591a\u4f5c\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u8352\u5510\u5f97\u6709\u70b9\u53ef\u7231\u3002\u4f46\u51fa\u4e4e\u6211\u610f\u6599\u7684\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u62b1\u7740\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u7684\u4eba\u5c45\u7136\u4e0d\u5728\u5c11\u6570\u3002
\u8bf4\u8499\u53e4\u88ab\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u540c\u5316\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u8bf7\u95ee\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u90fd \u8bf4\u4e2d\u6587\u5417\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8499\u53e4\u56fd\u548c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u4ecd\u7136\u8bf4\u7740\u8499\u53e4\u8bed\uff1f
\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u5728\u7edf\u6cbb\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u65f6\u671f\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5174\u5efa\u4e1c\u6b63\u6559\u5802\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u5f85\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u4ece\u6765\u90fd\u662f\u6301\u9119\u89c6\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002 \u5143\u5e1d\u56fd\u5236\u5ea6:\u4e00\u5b98\u4e8c\u540f\u4e09\u50e7\u56db\u9053\u4e94\u533b\u516d\u5de5\u4e03\u5320\u516b\u5a3c\u4e5d\u5112\u5341\u4e10\u3002\u5112\u5bb6\u4eba\u58eb\u6bd4\u5993\u5973\u4f4e\u4e00\u7b49\uff0c\u6bd4\u4e5e\u4e10\u9ad8\u4e00\u7b49\u3002
\u5f15\u7528\u8881\u817e\u98de\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u8bdd\uff1a\u5ffd\u5fc5\u70c8\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u6c49\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ea \u662f\u7c97\u901a\u6c49\u8bed\uff0c\u81ea\u4ece\u8499\u53e4\u5165\u4e3b\u4e2d\u539f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7684\u8499\u53e4\u7687\u5e1d\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u8fde\u6c49\u8bed\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bf4\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u662f\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u8499\u53e4\u6d3e\u5230\u5404\u5730\u53bb\u505a\u9547\u5b88\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fbe\u9c81\u82b1\u8d64\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bf4\u6c49\u8bed\u3002 \u8499\u53e4\u7684\u53f2\u4e66\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e3e\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c31\u662f\u6ce2\u65af\u600e\u4e48\u7740\uff0c\u4e9a\u5386\u5c71\u5927\u5927\u5e1d\u600e\u4e48\u7740\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5728\u5f81\u670d\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u63a5\u89e6\u4e86\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6587\u660e\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5112\u5bb6\u6587\u660e\u5f81\u670d\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8499\u53e4 \u4eba\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u89c1\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u6559\u90fd\u4fe1\uff0c\u8499\u53e4\u5f88\u591a\u7687\u5e1d\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u62b1\u7740\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u89c9\u5f97\u4f60\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6bd4\u522b\u4eba\u5f3a\u3002\u8499\u53e4\u8ddf\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u8499 \u53e4\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u4e0a\u5370\u7684\u662f\u6210\u5409\u601d\u6c57\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u5fc5\u8981\u628a\u4ed6\u5f53\u4f5c\u7956\u5b97\uff0c\u66f4\u6ca1\u5fc5\u8981\u628a\u4ed6\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u897f\u5f81\u770b\u505a\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u9a84\u50b2\u3002\u5047\u5982\u5f53\u521d\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5f81\u670d\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u8981\u6b4c\u9882\u65e5\u672c\uff1f\u5143\u671d\u662f\u4e2d \u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4ea1\u56fd\u706d\u79cd\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u53ef\u503c\u5f97\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7684\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u5b83\u5f53\u505a\u9a84\u50b2\u3002\u4f60\u88ab\u522b\u4eba\u706d\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd8\u8bf4\u771f\u597d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c5e\u4e8e\u606c\u4e0d\u77e5\u803b\u3002
\u81f3\u4e8e\u201c\u5927\u5143\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u4e5f\u662f\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u5f04\u51fa\u6765\u5ffd\u60a0\u4e2d\u56fd \u4eba\u7684\u3002\u5728\u8499\u53e4\u5360\u9886\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6210\u4e3a\u8499\u53e4\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u611a\u5f04\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u6b63\u7edf\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c31\u53d6\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5927\u5143\u201d\u7684\u522b\u540d\u6765\u5ffd\u60a0\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a\u201c\u62d6\u96f7 \u6c57\u56fd\u201d\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5bdf\u5408\u53f0\u6c57\u56fd\u7b49\u3002\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u771f\u662f\u82f1\u660e\uff0c\u5ffd\u60a0\u4e00\u7fa4\u8822\u4eba\u5c45\u7136\u5ffd\u60a0\u4e86700\u5e74\u3002\u3002\u3002\u3002
\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u662f\u5927\u8499 \u53e4\u5e1d\u56fd\uff08THE GREAT MONGOL EMPIRE\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7686\u77e5\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u94c1\u8e44\u4e0b\u706d\u4ea1\u7684\u65e0\u6570\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u5757\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\uff0c\u4ec5\u6b64\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u8499\u53e4\u5e1d\u56fd\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u5927\u82f1 \u5e1d\u56fd\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6210\u5409\u601d\u6c57\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u7ef4\u591a\u5229\u4e9a\u5973\u738b\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5927\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u66fe\u7ecf\u5360\u9886\u8fc7\u5370\u5ea6\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u6210\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u628a\u8499\u53e4\u5e1d\u56fd\u8bf4\u6210\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u671d\u4ee3\uff0c\u628a\u6210\u5409 \u601d\u6c57\u8bf4\u6210\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u8bf4\u5927\u82f1\u5e1d\u56fd\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u6700\u5f3a\u671d\u4ee3\uff0c\u7ef4\u591a\u5229\u4e9a\u5973\u738b\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u8352\u5510\u3002\u3002\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u8981\u8bf4\u6210\u5409\u601d\u6c57\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8499\u53e4\u56db\u5927 \u6c57\u56fd\u7684\u6240\u5728\u5730\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af(\u91d1\u5e10\u6c57\u56fd)\u8981\u8bf4\u6210\u5409\u601d\u6c57\u662f\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\uff1f\u4f0a\u6717(\u4f0a\u513f\u6c57\u56fd)\u8981\u8bf4\u6210\u5409\u601d\u6c57\u662f\u6ce2\u65af\u4eba\uff1f\u4e2d\u4e9a\u8bf8\u56fd(\u5bdf\u5408\u53f0\u6c57\u56fd)\u8981\u8bf4\u6210\u5409\u601d\u6c57\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4eba\uff1f
\u90a3\u4e48\u5ffd\u5fc5\u70c8\u7b97\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5417\uff1f\u5ffd\u5fc5\u70c8\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5efa \u7acb\u8d77\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u7684\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u5728\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4fbf\u662f\u5728\u5143\u671d\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u77ac\u95f4\u6210\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6210\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31 \u6210\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u6210\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u90a3\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u6210\u5409\u601d\u6c57\u662f\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u3001\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\u3001\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u2026\u2026\u8fd9\u6210\u7acb\u5417\uff1f\u663e\u7136\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u4e5f \u5c31\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5373\u4f7f\u5ffd\u5fc5\u70c8\u90fd\u7b97\u4e0d\u4e0a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u5ffd\u5fc5\u70c8\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u62d4\u90fd\u5c31\u662f\u4fc4\u56fd\u4eba\u4e86\uff0c\u65ed\u70c8\u5140\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u6ce2\u65af\u4eba\u4e86\u3002\u6210\u5409\u601d\u6c57\u66f4\u662f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5176\u5b9e\u54ea\u56fd\u4eba\u4e86\u3002\u5404\u4f4d\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60f3\u6cd5\u8352\u8c2c\u5417?\u4e3a\u4f55\u7528\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u8eab\u4e0a\u5c31\u5982\u4f55\u6b63\u786e\u4e86?
2004\u5e74\u8499 \u53e4\u4e4c\u5170\u5df4\u6258\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u989d\u65e5\u5fb7\u96f7\u6839\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u672c\u65f6\u63a5\u53d7\u65e5\u672cNHK\u7535\u89c6\u53f0\u91c7\u8bbf\u65f6\u9488\u5bf9\u5f53\u5e74\u4e9a\u6d32\u676f\u8db3\u7403\u8d5b\u4e0a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7403\u8ff7\u7684\u6297\u8bae\u65e5\u672c\u6d3b\u52a8\u8bf4\u5230\uff1a\u201c\u4e2d \u56fd\u4eba\u628a\u6211\u4eec\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u82f1\u96c4\uff0c\u5f81\u670d\u8fc7\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5e16\u6728\u8d1e\u5f53\u4f5c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7956\u5148\u548c\u82f1\u96c4\uff0c\u628a\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u5386\u53f2\u5f53\u4f5c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6700\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u7fa4\u62e5\u6709\u767d\u75f4\u4e00\u6837\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u6c11 \u65cf\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u8d44\u683c\u53bb\u6297\u8bae\u4f60\u4eec\u56fd\u5bb6\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u89c2\u5462\uff1f\u53c8\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u8d44\u683c\u53bb\u6297\u8bae\u4f60\u4eec\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u82f1\u96c4\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\u4fb5\u7565\u8fc7\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u2018\u7532\u7ea7\u6218\u72af\u2019\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u4e2a\u8d44\u683c\u3002\u201d
\u9c81 \u8fc5\u5728\u300a\u968f\u4fbf\u7ffb\u7ffb\u300b\u4e2d\u8bf4\u8fc7 \uff1a \u201c\u5e7c\u5c0f\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u77e5\u9053\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u2018\u76d8\u53e4\u6c0f\u5f00\u8f9f\u5929\u5730\u2019\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6709\u4e09\u7687\u4e94\u5e1d..... \u5b8b\u671d\uff0c\u5143\u671d\uff0c\u660e\u671d\uff0c\u2018\u6211\u5927\u6e05\u2019\u3002\u5230\u4e8c\u5341\u5c81\uff0c\u53c8\u542c\u8bf4\u2018\u6211\u4eec\u2019\u7684\u6210\u5409\u601d\u6c57\u5f81\u670d\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u9614\u6c14\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u5230\u4e8c \u5341\u4e94 \u5c81\uff0c\u624d\u77e5\u9053\u6240\u8c13\u8fd9\u2018\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u9614\u6c14\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u2019\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u5f81\u670d\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u505a\u4e86\u5974\u624d\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u4eca\u5e74\uff08\u63071934\u5e74-\u5f15\u8005\uff09\u516b\u6708\u91cc\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8981\u67e5\u4e00\u70b9\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u7ffb\u4e86\u4e09\u90e8\u8499\u53e4 \u53f2\uff0c\u8fd9\u624d\u660e\u767d\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u7684\u5f81\u670d\u2018\u65a1\u7f57\u601d\u2019\uff0c\u4fb5\u5165\u5308\u3001\u5965\uff0c\u8fd8\u5728\u5f81\u670d\u5168\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u90a3\u65f6\u7684\u6210\u5409\u601d\u8fd8\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6c57\uff0c\u5012\u662f\u4fc4\u4eba\u88ab\u5974\u7684\u8d44\u683c\u6bd4\u6211\u4eec\u8001\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bf4\u2018 \u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6210\u5409\u601d\u6c57\u5f81\u670d\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u9614\u6c14\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u2019\u7684\u3002 \u201d
\u8499\u53e4\u56fd\u548c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u662f\u8499\u53e4\u5e1d\u56fd\u4f20\u627f\u8005\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0d\u662f
\u8499\u53e4\u7edf\u6cbb\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af250\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u4e4b\u540e\u957f\u8fbe400\u591a \u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u548c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\u5927\u91cf\u6df7\u8840\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u81f3\u4eca\u8fd8\u79f0\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\u662f\u201c\u6210\u5409\u601d\u6c57\u7684\u5b50\u5b59\u201d\u3002\u6b27\u6d32\u6709\u53e5\u4fd7\u8bed\u201cScratch a Russian and find a Tatar.\u201d\u610f\u601d\u662f\u5265\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u770b\u89c1\u4e00\u4e2a\u9791\u977c\u4eba(\u8499\u53e4\u4eba)\u3002\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\u5f6a\u608d\u5c1a\u6b66\u7684\u6c11\u98ce\u5c31\u662f\u6df1\u53d7\u8499\u53e4\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u76f4\u523019\u4e16\u7eaa\u897f\u65b9\u8fd8\u754f\u60e7\u7684\u5c06\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u79f0 \u4e3a\u201c\u767d\u8272\u8499\u53e4\u201d\u3002
\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u548c\u514b\u91cc\u59c6\u6797\u90fd\u662f\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u7684\u6770\u4f5c\u3002\u9791\u977c\u8499\u53e4\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5728\u57fa\u8f85\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u7247\u7530\u91ce\u548c\u68ee\u6797\u3002\u5728\u8499\u53e4\u7684 \u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\uff0c\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u6e10\u6e10\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u5b83\u5728\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u53ca\u8d22\u529b\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u65b0\u5174\u52bf\u529b\uff0c\u514b\u91cc\u59c6\u6797\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u201c\u514b\u91cc\u59c6\u6797\u201d\u7684\u5b57\u6e90 \u6765\u81ea\u8499\u53e4\u8bed\uff0c\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u8981\u585e\u201d\u3002\u201c\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u4e5f\u662f\u7531\u8499\u53e4\u8bed\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u610f\u6307\u201c\u8fb9\u5883\u201d\u3002
\u5728\u8499\u53e4\u56db\u5927\u6c57\u56fd\u8870\u8d25\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u524d\u91d1\u5e10\u6c57\u56fd\u5c5e\u56fd\u7684\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5d1b\u8d77\u5e76\u5360\u9886\u4e86\u4ece\u524d\u8499\u53e4\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u5f53\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4fc4\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u66fe\u7ecf\u4ee3\u8868\u8499\u53e4\u8fdb\u884c\u6536\u7a0e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u5f88\u5c11\u89c6\u5bdf\u4ed6\u4eec\u5360\u6709\u7684\u571f\u5730\u3002\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5f53\u5e74\u8499\u53e4\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u514b\u67f3\u5207\u592b\u65af\u57fa\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u8499\u53e4\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u534a\u529f\u52b3\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u6b27\u4e9a\u4e3b\u4e49\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7279\u9c81\u522b\u8328\u79d1\u4f0a\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u8457\u4f5c\u3008\u8bba\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u56fe\u5170\u6210\u4efd\u3009\u6307\u51fa\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u8981\u611f\u8c22\u8499\u53e4\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5728\u5360\u9886\u5580\u5c71\u4e0e\u963f\u65af\u7279\u62c9\u7f55\u540e\u624d\u6210\u4e3a\u5f3a\u56fd\u3002\u5728\u4f0a\u51e1\u6c99\u7687\u767b\u57fa\u65f6\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5bab\u5ef7\u4e2d\u5df2\u6709\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u4eba\u5177\u6709\u8499\u53e4\u8840\u7edf\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u4e5f\u662f\u8499\u53e4\u5f0f\u7684\u3002\u4ece\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e1c\u6b63\u6559\u8499\u53e4\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u6df1\u53d7\u8499\u53e4\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u8499\u53e4\u8bed\u501f\u5b57\u3001\u90ae\u653f\u3001\u7a0e\u6536\u3001\u670d\u9970\u4e5f\u53d7\u8499\u53e4\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u519b\u5236\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5236\u662f\u4ece\u8499\u53e4\u5b66\u7684\u3002\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\u4e5f\u88ab\u56fe\u5170\u5316\u3002
\u5361\u5c14•\u9a6c\u514b\u53f8\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u7684\u5174\u76db\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u9791\u977c\u67b7\u9501\uff0c\u800c\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\u3002\u201d\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u5e1d\u738b\uff0c\u5bf9\u897f\u65b9\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6c99\u7687\u201d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e1c\u65b9\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u624e\u6839\u6c57\u201d(\u8499\u53e4\u8bed\uff0c\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u767d\u8272\u5927\u6c57\u201d)\uff0c\u8fb9\u5229\u7528\u8499\u53e4\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u6743\u52bf\uff0c\u5f00\u62d3\u4e2d\u4e9a\u548c\u897f\u4f2f\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u7586\u571f\u3002\u5580\u5c71\u6c57\u56fd\uff0c\u963f\u65af\u7279\u62c9\u6c57\uff0c\u897f\u4f2f\u5229\u4e9a \u6c57\uff0c\u514b\u91cc\u7c73\u4e9a\u6c57\uff0c\u8bfa\u76d6\u6c57\u7684\u8499\u53e4\u9791\u977c\u8d35\u65cf\u4eec\u540e\u6765\u90fd\u4f9b\u804c\u4e8e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u516c\u56fd\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5f88\u591a\u5927\u516c\uff0c\u738b\uff0c\u8d35\u65cf\u7684\u59d3\u6c0f\u8d77\u6e90\u3002\u6c99\u7687\u5bb6\u65cf\u6709\u8499\u53e4\u8840\u7edf\uff0c\u4f0a\u51e1\u5927\u5e1d\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u6930\u5217\u5a1c\u662f\u6210\u5409\u601d \u6c57\u7684\u76f4\u7cfb\u540e\u88d4\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u5f7c\u5f97\u5927\u5e1d\u8138\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u8499\u53e4\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u5217\u5b81\u6709\u7740\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u5361\u5c14\u6885\u514b\u8499\u53e4\u8840\u7edf\u3002\u8499\u53e4\u9791\u977c\u4eba\u4e0d\u4ec5\u628a\u8840\u7edf\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f20\u7ed9\u4e86\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u628a\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u7a0e \u6536\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u6d77\u5173\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u5236\u5ea6\u4e5f\u4f20\u7ed9\u4e86\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\uff0c\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u4e3a\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u8d21\u732e\u4e86\u9c8d\u91cc\u65af\u548c\u8d39\u5fb7\u5c14\u6208\u675c\u8bfa\u592b\u4e24\u4f4d\u6c99\u7687\u3002\u516d\u4f4d\u7687\u540e\uff1a\u6240\u7f57\u95e8\u5c3c\u5a05•\u8428\u5e03\u6d1b\u5a03\uff1b\u6930\u5217\u5a1c•\u683c\u6797\u65af\u5361 \u5a03\uff1b\u4f0a\u7433\u5a1c•\u6208\u675c\u8bfa\u5a03\uff1b\u7eb3\u5854\u5229\u5a05•\u7eb3\u96f7\u4ec0\u91d1\u5a1c\u9a6c\u5c14\u6cd5•\u963f\u666e\u62c9\u514b\u5e0c\u5a1c\uff1b\u53f6\u592b\u591a\u57fa\u5a05•\u8428\u5e03\u7f57\u5a03\u3002\u8499\u53e4\u9791\u977c\u4eba\u8fd8\u628a\u9a7f\u7ad9\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u6218\u7565\u6218\u672f\u4f20\u7ed9\u4e86\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\u3002\u5982\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5c24 \u91cc•\u6885\u8c22\u5c14\u65af\u57fa\u6c57\u5c06\u519b\uff0c\u5b89\u5fb7\u70c8•\u8c22\u5c14\u57fa\u4f50\u592b\uff0c\u53f6\u5c14\u83ab\u6d1b\u592b\uff0c\u591a\u8d6b\u56fe\u6d1b\u592b\uff0c\u9a6c\u79cb\u4ec0\u91d1\uff0c\u83ab\u5c14\u5fb7\u7ef4\u8bfa\u592b\uff0c\u53f6\u6f58\u94a6\uff0c\u6bd4\u91cc\u5217\u592b\uff0c\u65e5\u6797\u65af\u57fa\uff0c\u8c22\u5c14\u5df4\u5207\u592b\u7b49\u5c06\u519b\u4eec\u4ee5\u53ca\u79d1\u5b66 \u5de8\u5320\u4eec\u5982\u95e8\u6377\u5217\u592b\uff0c\u6885\u5947\u5c3c\u79d1\u592b\uff0c\u5df4\u752b\u6d1b\u592b\uff0c\u5b63\u7c73\u91cc\u4e9a\u6cfd\u592b\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u574e\u6377\u7c73\u5c14\uff0c\u5361\u62c9\u59c6\u6d25\u4ee5\u53ca\u6781\u5730\u5b66\u5bb6\u5207\u67f3\u65af\u91d1\uff0c\u5947\u91cc\u79d1\u592b\u7b49\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u8499\u53e4\u9791\u977c\u8840\u7edf\u3002\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u8c1a\u8bed \u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6df1\u7a76\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u9791\u977c\uff08\u8499\u53e4\uff09\u4eba\u3002\u201d\u5fb7\u8fc8\u65af\u7279\u4e5f\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff1a\u201c\u6293\u4f24\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\uff0c\u5c31\u7b49\u4e8e\u6293\u4f24\u4e00\u4e2a\u9791\u977c\u4eba\u3002\u201d \u8499\u53e4\u9791\u977c\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u662f\u6781\u5176\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u4e1c\u65b9\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u4e1c\u65b9\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u3002\u6b64\u5916\u8499\u53e4\u9791\u977c\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u6587\u5316\u548c \u827a\u672f\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u6df1\u6df1\u7684\u5370\u8ff9\u3002\u5728\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u6587\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u4e09\u4f4d\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7684\u9640\u601d\u59a5\u8036\u592b\u65af\u57fa\u548c\u5c60\u683c\u6d85\u592b\u5c31\u6709\u8499\u53e4\u8840\u7edf\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u8499\u53e4\u8840\u7edf\u7684\u5c60\u683c\u6d85\u592b\u624d\u80fd\u5199\u4e0b\u300a\u767d\u51c0\u8349\u539f\u300b\u8fd9 \u6837\u4e3e\u4e16\u65e0\u53cc\u7684\u5bf9\u8349\u539f\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3002\u821e\u8e48\u5bb6\u6709\u4e4c\u5170\u8bfa\u5a03\uff1b\u5b89\u5a1c•\u5df4\u6d66\u6d1b\u5a03\u90fd\u62e5\u6709\u8499\u53e4\u9791\u977c\u8840\u7edf\u3002 ------\u6458\u81ea\u300a\u6e38\u7267\u6587\u660e\u53f2\u300b
\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u624d\u6709\u8d44\u683c\u8bf4\u8499\u53e4\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u8fde\u5439\u725b\u7684\u8d44\u683c\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u3002
\u8fd8\u5386\u53f2\u771f\u76f8
\u6210\u5409\u601d\u6c57\u548c\u52aa\u5c14\u54c8\u8d64\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba,\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u786e\u5b9e\u4e5f\u6709\u8840\u7f18\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u540e\u4eba\uff0c\u5f13\u867d\u5973\u5e72\uff0c\u6740\u5bb3\uff0c\u4fae\u8fb1\u8fc7\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7956\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8eab\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6d41\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8840\u3002\u8499\u53e4\u5e1d\u56fd\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5883\u5185\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u706d\u7edd\uff0c\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7a7a\u524d \u7edd\u540e\u7684\u3002\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u7684\u4eba\u6570\uff0c\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u653e\u5728\u300a\u5409\u5c3c\u65af\u4e16\u754c\u8bb0\u5f55\u5927\u5168\u300b1985\u5e74\u7248\u3002\u7efc\u89c2\u4e2d \u56fd\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5c48\u8fb1\u53f2\uff0c\u627f\u8ba4\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba,\u662f\u5904\u4e8e\u4e8b\u5b9e,\u4f46\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7f9e\u8fb1,\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e0d\u8981\u4e3a\u4e86\u9003\u907f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7f9e\u8fb1,\u5c31\u8ba4\u8499\u53e4\u4eba\u548c\u6ee1\u4eba\u4e3a\u7956\u5b97,\u8fd9\u6837\u66f4\u52a0\u53ef\u803b\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u56e0\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e2d\u56fd\u957f\u671f\u88ab\u8650\uff0c\u5fc3\u91cc\u88ab\u6253\u51fb\uff0c\u770b \u89c1\u4e66\u4e0a\u5199\u7740\u67d0\u4eba\u66fe\u7ecf\u51fa\u53bb\u6253\u4ed7\u591a\u4e48\u7684\u725bB,\u8fde\u5bf9\u65b9\u662f\u54ea\u91cc\u4eba\u90fd\u6ca1\u641e\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u5c31\u8dd1\u8fc7\u53bb\u5f80\u4ed6\u5927\u817f\u4e0a\u62b1\u3002
\u5047\u82e5\u5f53\u5e74\u6297\u6218\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86"\u548c \u671d"\uff0c\u90a3 \u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u8981\u62dc\u4e1c\u6761 \u82f1\u673a\u4e3a\u7edf\u4e00\u201c\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u65cf\u201d\u7684\u5927\u82f1\u96c4\uff1f\u4fb5\u534e\u6218\u4e89\u662f\u201c\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u65cf\u201d\u7684\u5185\u6218\uff1f\u6297\u65e5\u519b\u961f\u662f\u963b\u788d\u6c11\u65cf\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u5927\u6c49\u5978\uff1f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5143\u671d\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u6574\u5929\u558a\u7740\u8981\u65e5\u672c\u5411\u4e2d\u56fd\u9053\u6b49\u8c22\u7f6a\uff0c\u90a3\u4f60\u4eec\u600e\u4e48\u4e0d\u5148\u4e3a\u5143\u671d\u4fb5\u7565\u65e5\u672c\u800c\u5411\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u6c11\u9053\u6b49\u8c22\u7f6a\u5462\uff1f
\u9a6c\u514b\u53f8\u54f2\u5b66\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff1a\u610f\u8bc6\u80fd\u591f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u53cd\u6620\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u67d0\u4e9b\u65f6\u671f\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u771f\u7406\u5c06\u88ab\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u4e2d \u56fd\u4eba\u7ec8\u5c06\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u5143\u6e05\u4fb5\u7565\u8005\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u8fd8\u5386\u53f2\u4ee5\u5ba2\u89c2\u3002
[The main claims used in Chinese history distortion]:
1. All historical events that took place within the current borders of the Peoples Republic of China is "Chinese history". So Yuan and Qing are China, and Tibet was "part of China".
=> India was a colony of the British Empire. So, the British Empire is Indian history? Can India claim that USA was part of India because of the British Empire, or can India claim next door Burma?
=> Alaska was once a Russian territory. So can Russian history be part of US history? then Stalin can be American!
2. All ethnics' history in current China is Chinese history.
=> Some USA people are from Mexico. Does it mean that Mexican history is necessarily (United States of) American history (besides Albuquerque and San Diego)?
3. China is not just Han ethnics!: Chinese means 56 ethnics (no longer a "race"- now it's a "nationality"!)
=> "US people" includes a lot of ethnics, so can all world history become USA history?
=> Russian, Uzbek, Mongolian, Korean are included in the 56 Chinese ethnics. So, Russia, Uzbekistan, Mongolia, Korea are all part of China now? Really?
4. The majority of ethnic Manchus are living in China (Manchuria), so . . . Manchu history is "Chinese" history (and Nurhachi was "Chinese"!!).
=> The majority of USA people are of German origin. If the population of German Americans is bigger than the population of Germany, then can German history be USA history? Woops, then the Kaiser (and Hitler) becomes American!
It is not a joke- Chinese seriously claims that Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan are "Chinese". China has included Genghis Khan as a "Chinese" national hero!
\u2460\u6211\u56fd\u5883\u5185\u5404\u6c11\u65cf\u7ecf\u8fc7\u957f\u671f\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6587\u5316\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u878d\u5408\u4e0d\u65ad\u52a0\u5f3a\uff0c\u5317\u65b9\u5404\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u5411\u5c01\u5efa\u793e\u4f1a\u8fc7\u6e21\uff0c\u4e0e\u6c49\u65cf\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u7f29\u5c0f\uff1b\u2461\u6211\u56fd\u5c01\u5efa\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5357\u5317\u65b9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8054\u7cfb\u52a0\u5f3a\uff1b\u2462\u79e6\u6c49\u4ee5\u6765\u6211\u56fd\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u6743\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0d\u65ad\u5b8c\u5584\uff1b\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u2460\u5185\u90e8\u5206\u88c2\u5272\u636e\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u53db\u4e71\u3002\u63aa\u65bd\uff1a\u6b66\u88c5\u5e73\u5b9a\u53db\u4e71\uff0c\u6d88\u706d\u5272\u636e\u52bf\u529b\u3002\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u6e05\u653f\u5e9c\u5e73\u5b9a\u4e09\u85e9\u4e4b\u4e71\uff1b\u8fdb\u5175\u53f0\u6e7e\uff1b\u5e73\u5b9a\u845b\u5c14\u4e39\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u5353\u7b49\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u4e0a\u5c42\u8d35\u65cf\u5206\u88c2\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u53db\u4e71\u3002\u2461\u5916\u56fd\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u4fb5\u7565\u3002\u63aa\u65bd\uff1a\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u53cd\u4fb5\u7565\u6597\u4e89\u3002\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u660e\u671d\u621a\u7ee7\u5149\u6297\u502d\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u5de9\u56fa\u4e1c\u5357\u6cbf\u6d77\uff1b\u6e05\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u6b21\u96c5\u514b\u8428\u4e4b\u6218\u6253\u8d25\u6c99\u4fc4\u4fb5\u7565\u8005\uff0c\u7b7e\u8ba2\u300a\u4e2d\u4fc4\u5c3c\u5e03\u695a\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u3002\u2462\u7edf\u6cbb\u6c11\u65cf\u672c\u8eab\u76f8\u5bf9\u843d\u540e\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u77db\u76fe\u7a81\u51fa\u3002\u63aa\u65bd\uff1a\u8499\u53e4\u65cf\u6ee1\u65cf\u76f8\u5bf9\u843d\u540e\uff0c\u5143\u6e05\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u5b66\u4e60\u6c49\u65cf\u5c01\u5efa\u7edf\u6cbb\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u5b9e\u884c\u201c\u6c49\u6cd5\u201d\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u81ea\u8eab\u5c01\u5efa\u5316\u3002\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u6e05\u91cd\u89c6\u519c\u4e1a\uff1b\u6e05\u671d\u57fa\u672c\u6cbf\u7528\u660e\u671d\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u2463\u5982\u4f55\u7edf\u6cbb\u8fbd\u9614\u7684\u7586\u57df\u3002\u63aa\u65bd\uff1a\u6539\u9769\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u5bf9\u8fb9\u7586\u5730\u533a\u7684\u7ba1\u8f96\u3002\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u5143\u671d\u5b9e\u884c\u884c\u7701\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u5bf9\u897f\u85cf\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u7ba1\u8f96\uff1b\u6e05\u671d\u8bbe\u9a7b\u85cf\u5927\u81e3\u8bbe\u53f0\u6e7e\u5e9c\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u5bf9\u897f\u85cf\u548c\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u7ba1\u8f96\u3002
\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u95ee\u53ef\u7ed3\u5408\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u7ebf\u7d22\u5f52\u7eb3\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u95ee\u89e3\u7b54\u65f6\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u201c\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u653f\u6cbb\u4e3e\u63aa\u201d\u7684\u9650\u5236\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u95ee\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u5386\u53f2\u5fc5\u7136\u539f\u56e0\u201d\uff0c\u5e94\u4ece\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u6587\u5316\u4ea4\u6d41\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u5206\u6790\u5f52\u7eb3\u3002\u201c\u5a01\u80c1\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c40\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u5e94\u4ece\u5185\u5fe7\u3001\u5916\u60a3\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u7ba1\u8f96\u8fbd\u9614\u7586\u57df\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u5165\u624b\u5206\u6790\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u53ca\u53f2\u4f8b\uff0c\u53ef\u8054\u7cfb\u6559\u6750\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u201c\u5a01\u80c1\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c40\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u53bb\u5f52\u7eb3\u3002
绛旓細閫氳繃姝﹀姏寰佹湇锛屽Щ浜叉媺鎷傚繀瑕佹椂绂婚棿鎸戞嫧灏戞暟姘戞棌涔嬮棿鍐呴儴鍥㈢粨锛屽墛寮卞湴鏂瑰弽鎶楀姏閲忋傛柦浠ユ仼鎯狅紝鏀跺叾蹇冦傚浠诲畼鍛橈紝澶哄叾鏉冦
绛旓細鍦熷徃鐨勬剰鎬濇槸鎸囧湪涓浗鍙や唬瀵硅竟鐤嗗湴鍖哄皯鏁版皯鏃忕殑涓绉嶅畼鑱岃亴绉般傚湡鍙稿埗搴﹀湪涓浗鍘嗗彶涓鏈夌潃鎮犱箙鐨勫巻鍙诧紝鏄鍙や唬涓ぎ鏀挎潈瀵瑰皯鏁姘戞棌鍦板尯杩涜鏈夋晥娌荤悊鐨勪竴绉嶇壒娈婃柟寮忋傚湡鍙哥殑鑱屼綅鐢卞綋鍦扮殑灏戞暟姘戞棌棣栭鎷呬换锛岃礋璐ｇ鐞嗗湴鏂逛簨鍔″苟缁存姢褰撳湴绀句細绉╁簭銆傚悓鏃讹紝鍦熷徃涔熸槸鍦版柟瀹樺憳涓殑鐗规畩闃跺眰锛屼粬浠湪缁存姢鍥藉缁熶竴鍜岃竟鐤嗙ǔ瀹氭柟闈...
绛旓細鍙﹀,鏄鏀垮簻涔熼紦鍔灏戞暟姘戞棌涓庢眽鏃忎箣闂村湪缁忔祹鏂囧寲涓婄殑寰鏉,濡傜Щ姘戝悲鍨︺佽锤鏄撲簰甯傘佸叴寤哄鏍°佹帹琛屽剴瀛︾瓑绛変妇鎺,閮藉彇寰椾簡鏄庢樉鐨勬垚鏁堛傛槑鏈濇斂搴滅殑杩欎簺鎺柦,浣胯竟鐤嗗皯鏁版皯鏃忓湴鍖轰笌涓ぎ鐜嬫湞鐨勫叧绯绘棩鐩婂瘑鍒,浠庤屽疄鐜颁簡涓ぎ鐜嬫湞涓庤竟鐤嗗湴鍖虹湡姝ｆ剰涔変笂鐨勭粺涓銆傛竻鏈:涓崕姘戞棌鍏卞悓浣撴洿杩涗竴姝ョǔ鍥哄彂灞曠敱婊℃棌寤虹珛鐨勬竻鏈濇槸涓浗鍘嗗彶涓缁у厓鏈...
绛旓細鎬讳箣锛岀緛绺绘槸涓浗鍙や唬涓绉嶉噸瑕佺殑缁熸不绛栫暐锛屼富瑕佺敤浜庡灏戞暟姘戞棌鍦板尯鐨勯棿鎺ョ鐞嗐傝繖绉嶆斂绛栭氳繃鎵胯骞惰祴浜堝皯鏁版皯鏃忓湴鍖洪棰嗕竴瀹氱殑鑷不鏉冿紝瀹炵幇浜嗕腑澶斂搴滃杈圭枂鍦板尯鐨勬帶鍒讹紝鏈夊姪浜庣淮鎶ゅ浗瀹剁殑缁熶竴鍜岀ǔ瀹氥
绛旓細鍙や唬瀵鏂扮枂閲囧彇鐨勬帾鏂斤細1銆佸叕鍏冨墠60骞达紝瑗挎眽鏀垮簻鍦ㄨタ鍩熻缃タ鍩熼兘鎶わ紝杩欐槸浠婃柊鐤嗗湴鍖烘寮忓綊灞涓ぎ鐨勫紑濮嬨傝タ姹夌粺涓瑗垮煙鍚庯紝寤虹珛浜嗚タ鍩熼兘鎶ゅ簻銆傚叕鍏冨墠108骞达紝瑗挎眽鍑哄叺鏀荤牬妤煎叞銆佽溅甯堬紝鎵撹触澶у疀鍚庯紝鍦ㄨ疆鍙般佹笭鐘侀┗鍏靛悲鐢帮紝寤虹珛浜嗏滀娇鑰呮牎灏夆濓紝绠＄悊灞敯浜嬪疁銆傝繖鏄タ姹夊湪瑗垮煙璁剧疆鐨勬渶鏃╃殑琛屾斂鏈烘瀯銆傚叕鍏冨墠68骞...
绛旓細鏈鑰冩煡鐨勬槸涓浗鍙や唬涓ぎ鏀垮簻涓灏戞暟姘戞棌鍦板尯鍏崇郴銆傗滈噾濂斿反鐡垛濆弽鏄犵殑鏄竻鏈濅咕闅嗙殗甯濆湪瑗胯棌瀹炶鐨勨滈噾鐡舵帲绛锯濆埗搴︺傝嚜娓呮湞浠ユ潵锛岃棌浼犱經鏁欐椿浣涜揪璧栧拰鐝杞笘鐏电闇鍦ㄤ腑澶唬琛ㄧ洃鐫ｄ笅锛岀粡閲戠摱鎺ｇ璁ゅ畾銆鍘嗗彶涓锛岀鍗佷笘銆佸崄涓涓栥佸崄浜屼笘杈捐禆鍠囧槢鍜岀鍏笘銆佷節涓栥佸崄涓涓栫彮绂呴灏斿痉灏间互鍙婄浜斾笘銆佸叚涓栥佷竷...
绛旓細娓呮湞锛氫腑鍗庢皯鏃忓叡鍚屼綋鏇磋繘涓姝ョǔ鍥哄彂灞 鐢辨弧鏃忓缓绔嬬殑娓呮湞鏄涓浗鍘嗗彶涓缁у厓鏈濅箣鍚庯紝鍙堜竴涓敱灏戞暟姘戞棌寤虹珛鐨勭粺涓鐜嬫湞銆傜敱鏂兼弧鏃忕粺娌昏呴噰鍙栦簡璁稿閲嶅ぇ鎺柦绋冲畾杈圭枂锛屽苟瀵规眽鏂囧寲鍜屽悇灏戞暟姘戞棌鏂囧寲閲囧彇浜嗘洿涓哄瀹广佸紑鏀剧殑鎬佸害鍜屾斂绛栵紝浣挎皯鏃忓叧绯汇佹皯鏃忚瀺鍚堝緱鍒版洿杩涗竴姝ョ殑鍙戝睍锛屼粠鑰屽姞寮轰簡鍚勬皯鏃忕殑鐩镐簰璁ゅ悓鎰熴傛竻鏈濓細...
绛旓細鍦ㄦ槑鏈濈殑鏃跺欙紝鍥藉閲嶈瀵瑰皯鏁姘戞棌鐨勭鐞嗗拰缁熸不銆傛槑鏈濊櫧鐒舵槸姹夋棌鐨勬斂鏉冿紝浣嗘槸锛屾斂搴滃崄鍒嗛噸瑙嗗皯鏁版皯鏃忕殑绠＄悊銆傚皯鏁版皯鏃忓湴鍖哄厛瀹炶鍏冩湞浠ユ潵鐨勫湡鍙稿埗搴︺傜劧鍚庯紝瀵规姇闄嶇殑灏戞暟姘戞棌棣栭锛岃浠栦滑涓栬瀹樿亴锛岃浠栦滑鑷繁绠＄悊鎵缁熸不鐨勫尯鍩熴傜劧鍚庢妸杩欑墖鍖哄煙鍒椾负涓ぎ鏀垮簻鐨勭粺娌昏寖鍥淬傛墍浠ヨ锛屾槑鏈濇槸涓崕姘戞棌鐪熸鎰忎箟涓婄殑缁熶竴...
绛旓細銆佷粠绀句細鍙戝睍鐨勮搴︿笂璁叉槸灏戞暟姘戞棌鐨勫皝寤哄寲杩涚▼銆傦紙2 锛夈佷粠缁忔祹鍙戝睍鐨勮搴︿笂璁叉槸娓哥墽鍚戝啘鑰曟枃鏄庣殑杞寲銆2 銆涓浗鍙や唬姘戞棌铻嶅悎鐨勪竴鑸斿緞 锛1 锛夈涓ぎ鏀垮簻鐨勭粺涓绠¤緰 锛2 锛夈佺粺娌绘斂绛栫殑寮哄埗鎺ㄨ繘 锛3 锛夈佹斂鏉冧箣闂寸殑鍜屽ソ浣滅敤 锛4 锛夈佸悇鏃忎汉姘戝叡鍚屽弽鎶楀帇杩墺鍓婄殑鏂椾簤 锛5 锛夈侀暱鏈熺殑鐗╄川銆佹枃鍖...
绛旓細鍦熷徃鐨勬剰鎬濇槸鎸囧湪涓浗鍙や唬瀵杈圭枂鍦板尯灏戞暟姘戞棌鐨勪竴绉嶇粺娌诲埗搴﹀拰绠＄悊鏂瑰紡锛屽叿浣撹〃鐜颁负瀵瑰綋鍦伴棰嗙殑鍐屽皝鍜屽鍏舵墍杈栧湴鍖虹殑琛屾斂銆佸啗浜嬬瓑鏂归潰鐨勭鐞嗐傝繖绉嶅埗搴﹀湪涓浗鍘嗗彶涓瀛樺湪鏃堕棿杈冮暱锛屽浜庣淮鎶よ竟鐤嗗湴鍖虹殑绋冲畾鍜屽彂灞曡捣鍒颁簡閲嶈浣滅敤銆傚湡鍙稿埗搴︾殑璧锋簮鍙互杩芥函鍒板彜浠ｏ紝鐗瑰埆鏄湪灏佸缓绀句細鐨勪腑鍚庢湡锛岄殢鐫涓ぎ闆嗘潈鍒跺害鐨...
