英语作文中the的用法(2)
定冠词the的用法一、用于上文提到过的或者交谈双方都知道的人、事、物的名词或代词前。例如：
1、He has a car. The car is blue. (他有一辆车，这辆车是蓝色的。)
说明：句中the car特指上句提到过的a car。
2、Open the window, please.(请打开那扇窗户。）
说明：对话双方都知道句中the window所指的窗户。
二、用于世界上独一无二的事物前。例如：
The earth revolves around the sun. (地球绕着太阳转。)
说明：句中地球the earth和太阳the sun都是自然界中独一无二的存在。
三、用于单数可数名词前，可以表示一类人或者事物。例如：
1、The tiger is dangerous to other animals.(老虎对其它动物来说非常危险。)
说明：句中the tiger表示的是老虎这个种类。
2、The car goes faster than the bike.(汽车比自行车快。）
说明：句中the car和the bike都表示一类交通工具。
四、用于序数词和形容词的最高级、特指的比较级前。例如：
1、The game is on the sixth of June.(比赛在六月六日举行。)
2、Mike is the tallest boy in his class.(迈克是他班里最高的男孩。)
3、She likes the bigger of the two cars in her family.(她喜欢她家里两辆车中比较大的那辆。)
五、用于“play+the+乐器”结构中。例如：
1、She always plays the piano after school every day.(她每天放学后总是弹钢琴。)
2、He likes playing the violin.(他喜欢拉小提琴。)
六、用于形容词或分词前，用来表示一类人或事物。例如：
1、I think the rich should help the poor.(我认为富人应该帮助穷人。)
说明：句中the加形容词rich,poor表示富人和穷人。
2、The nurses are looking after the wounded.(护士正在照看伤员。)
说明：句中the加过去分词wounded表示伤员这一类人。
七、用于“the+姓氏复数”，表示一家人或者夫妇两人。例如：
1、The Browns will go to New York next month.(布朗一家人下个月要去纽约。)
2、The Greens want their son to give the girl a hand.(格林夫妇想要他们的儿子帮一下那个女孩。)
八、用于某些由普通名词构成的专有名词前以及表示河海山川、国家政党的专有名词前。例如：
1、the Great Wall(长城)，the Red Cross(红十字会)，the World Cup(世界杯)
2、the Himalayas(喜马拉雅山脉)，the Pacific Ocean(太平洋)
3、the Communist Party of China(中国共产党)
九、用于表示时间、地点和方位的名词前。例如：
1、in the morning(在早上)
2、at the airport(在机场)
3、in the east(在东方)
十、用于“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体部位”结构里。例如：
1、A book fell off the desk and hit him on the foot.(一本书从书桌上掉下来，砸在他的脚上。）
2、He caught her by the arm for help.(他抓住她的手臂求救。)
十一、用于句型“the + 比较级...，the + 比较级...”结构中，表示“越……，就越......”。例如：
1、The harder you study, the greater progress you'll make.(你越努力学习，你取得的进步就越大。)
2、The more you eat, the fatter you'll get.(你吃得越多，你就会变得越胖。)
十二、用于一些固定短语中。例如：
1、in the end(最终)
2、at the same time(同时)
3、all the best(万事如意)
英语作文中the的用法
3.单数名词加定冠词 the 可以表示泛指
定冠词 the 与单数名词连用时，可以表示泛指，表示一个由典型的样品所代表的那个类别。
举个例子，要泛指“政府”，应该怎么说? 下面两个外刊标题给出了答案：
1.Why governments should introduce gender budgeting
2.Should the government guarantee work for everybody
这两个标题中 government 都是可数名词，可以通过 governments 或 the government 来泛指“政府”。不少人在写作文时经常出现这样的句子：
To solve this problem, the governments should ...
这种写法是错误的，因为 the governments 是特指用法，不能用来泛指政府，应该说：
To solve this problem, governments / the government should ...
4.不定冠词 a/an 加单数名词可以表示泛指
不定冠词 a/an 加单数名词可以泛指某一类事物中任何一个具有代表性的成员。举个例子，柯林斯词典对 puma 一词的定义是这样的：
A puma is a wild animal that is a member of the cat family. Pumas have brownish-grey fur and live in mountain regions of North and South America.
第一个句子 a puma 泛指美洲狮这种动物，第二个句子 pumas 同样也泛指美洲狮这种动物。
不过需要注意的一点是，a/an 加单数名词泛指主要是限于用在主语的情况，在其他位置上不表示泛指。
冠词的特指主要有下面几种情况：
1.the+不可数名词
2.the+可数名词复数
3.the+可数名词单数(需要根据语境判断)
关于第一点和第二点，我们在前面已经有解释过，第三点 the+可数名词单数表示特指要考虑语境因素，比如前面的选段：
When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.
段落中出现了两个 puma，第一个 puma 是不定指，第二个 puma 指代前面提到的那只“美洲狮”，因此是特指。
其他情况
除了上面提到的泛指和特指之外，冠词还有一些特殊用法，比如 “the+形容词”表示一类人，此时是泛指。举个例子：
There is an increasing gap between the rich and the poor.
the rich，the poor 都是“the+形容词”的泛指形式。
关于冠词的其他特殊用法可以参考语法书中对冠词的讲解部分。
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