标准状态下的温度 标况下温度是0度还是25度？
\u6807\u51c6\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u548c\u538b\u5f3a\u662f\u591a\u5c11\u6807\u51c6\u72b6\u6001\u662f\uff1a\u6e29\u5ea6273.15K\uff080\u2103\uff09\uff0c\u538b\u5f3a101.325KPa\u3002\u89c4\u5b9a\u4ee5\u6e29\u5ea6288.15K\uff0815\u2103\uff09\uff0c\u538b\u5f3a101.35KPa\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8ba1\u91cf\u6c14\u4f53\u4f53\u79ef\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u6807\u6001\u3002
1\u3001\u6211\u56fd\u300a\u5929\u7136\u6c14\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5b54\u677f\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b\u89c4\u5b9a\u4ee5\u6e29\u5ea6293.15K\uff0820\u2103\uff09\uff0c\u538b\u5f3a101.325KPa\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8ba1\u91cf\u6c14\u4f53\u4f53\u79ef\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u72b6\u6001\u3002
2\u3001\u4efb\u610f\u6e29\u5ea6T\uff0c\u6807\u51c6\u538b\u529bP\u03b8=100 kPa\u4e0b\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u7406\u60f3\u6c14\u4f53\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u7eaf\u6c14\u4f53\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6ce8\uff1a\u6211\u56fd\u57281993\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\u89c4\u5b9a\u6807\u51c6\u538b\u529bP\u03b8=101.325kPa,\u4e4b\u540e\u6839\u636eGB 3102.8\u2014\u201493\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u76ee\u524dP\u03b8=100kPa\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002
3\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u4e2d\u66fe\u4e00\u5ea6\u5c06\u6807\u51c6\u6e29\u5ea6\u548c\u538b\u529b\uff08STP\uff09\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a0\u00b0C\uff08273.15K\uff09\u53ca101.325kPa\uff081atm\uff09\uff0c\u4f461982\u5e74\u8d77IUPAC\u5c06\u201c\u6807\u51c6\u538b\u529b\u201d\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a100 kPa\u3002
\u6269\u5c55\u8d44\u6599\uff1a
\u6ce8\u610f\u8981\u70b9\uff1a
\u5e94\u5f53\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6807\u51c6\u6001\u53ea\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u538b\u529bp\uff0c\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u6e29\u5ea6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0e\u6e29\u5ea6\u6709\u5173\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u72b6\u6001\u5e94\u6ce8\u660e\u6e29\u5ea6\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fbf\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u5316\u5b66\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\uff08IUPAC\uff09\u63a8\u8350\u9009\u62e9298.15K\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u8003\u6e29\u5ea6\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u57281982\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\uff0cIUPAC\u66fe\u7ecf\u91c7\u7528101.325kPa\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u538b\u529b\u3002
\u4ece\u624b\u518c\u6216\u4e13\u8457\u67e5\u9605\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u5176\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u9020\u6210\u6570\u636e\u8bef\u7528\u3002\u5316\u5b66\u4e2d\u66fe\u4e00\u5ea6\u5c06\u6807\u51c6\u6e29\u5ea6\u548c\u538b\u529b\uff08STP\uff09\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a0\u00b0C\uff08273.15K\uff09\u53ca101.325kPa\uff081atm\uff09\uff0c\u4f461992\u5e74\u8d77IUPAC\u5c06\u201c\u6807\u51c6\u538b\u529b\u201d\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a100 kPa\u3002
\u6807\u51c6\u72b6\u51b5\u901a\u5e38\u6307\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e3a0\u2103\uff08273.15K\uff09\u548c\u538b\u5f3a\u4e3a101.325kPa\uff081\u6807\u51c6\u5927\u6c14\u538b\uff0c760mmHg\uff09\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002
\u6807\u51c6\u72b6\u51b5\uff08standard temperature and pressure, STP\uff0c\u6807\u51c6\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e0e\u6807\u51c6\u538b\u529b\uff09\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u201c\u6807\u51b5\u201d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5730\u8868\u5404\u5904\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u3001\u538b\u5f3a\u7686\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u5730\u70b9\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u538b\u5f3a\u4e5f\u968f\u6d4b\u91cf\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u76f8\u5f02\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u51fa\u63cf\u8ff0\u7269\u8d28\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u72b6\u51b5\uff1a
0 \u2103\uff08273.15 K\uff09\u3001101kPa\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u63a5\u8fd1\u6d77\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\u6c34\u7684\u51b0\u70b9\u30021\u6469\u5c14\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u6c14\u4f53\u5728STP\u4e0b\u5360\u6709\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u4e3a22.413996\uff0839\uff09L(CODATA 2002)\uff0c\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u6469\u5c14\u4f53\u79ef\uff08standard molar volume\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u533a\u522b\u4e00\u822c\u6761\u4ef6\u800c\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002
\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599
\u65b0\u7269\u7406\uff1ahttp://www.xinwuli.cn/
状态函数中热力学能U及焓H和吉布斯自由能G等热力学函数的绝对值是无法确定的。为了便于比较不同状态时它们的相对值，需要规定一个状态作为比较的标准。
对具体系统而言，纯理想气体的标准态是该气体处于标准压力p(100kPa)下的状态；混合理想气体的标准态是指任一气体组分的分压力为p的状态；纯液体（或纯固体）物质的标准态是标准压力p下的纯液体（或纯固体）。溶液中溶质的标准态，是在指定温度T和标准压力p，质量摩尔浓度1mol/kg的状态。因压力对液体和固体的体积影响恒很小，故可将溶质的标准态浓度改用c=1mol/L代替。
绛旓細鏍囧噯鐘舵佷笅娓╁害鏄細273.15K(0鈩)锛屽帇寮101.325KPa锛屾墍璋撴爣鍑嗙姸鎬侊紙standardstate锛夛紝鏄湪鎸囧畾鏍囧噯鍘嬪己p涓嬭鐗╄川鐨勭姸鎬侊紝绠绉版爣鍑嗘併備竴鑸寚鐨勬槸娓╁害T锛100kPa銆備负浜嗕究浜庢瘮杈冧笉鍚岀姸鎬佹椂瀹冧滑鐨勭浉瀵瑰硷紝闇瑕佽瀹氫竴涓姸鎬佷綔涓烘瘮杈冪殑鏍囧噯銆傜姸鎬佸嚱鏁颁腑鐑姏瀛﹁兘U鍙婄創H鍜屽悏甯冩柉鑷敱鑳紾绛夌儹鍔涘鍑芥暟鐨勭粷瀵瑰兼槸鏃...
绛旓細鏍囧噯鐘舵佹槸锛氭俯搴273.15K锛0鈩冿級锛屽帇寮101.325KPa銆傝瀹氫互娓╁害288.15K锛15鈩冿級锛屽帇寮101.35KPa浣滀负璁￠噺姘斾綋浣撶Н娴侀噺鐨勬爣鎬併1銆佹垜鍥姐婂ぉ鐒舵皵娴侀噺鐨勬爣鍑嗗瓟鏉胯绠楁柟娉曘嬭瀹氫互娓╁害293.15K锛20鈩冿級锛屽帇寮101.325KPa浣滀负璁￠噺姘斾綋浣撶Н娴侀噺鐨勬爣鍑嗙姸鎬併2銆佷换鎰忔俯搴锛屾爣鍑嗗帇鍔汸胃=100 kPa涓嬭〃鐜板嚭鐞嗘兂姘斾綋鎬...
绛旓細鏍囧噯鐘舵佷笅鐨勬俯搴273.15K锛0鈩冿級锛屽帇寮101.325KPa銆傜敱浜庡湴琛ㄥ悇澶勭殑娓╁害銆佸帇寮虹殕涓嶅悓锛屽嵆浣挎槸鍚屼竴鍦扮偣鐨勬俯搴﹀帇寮轰篃闅忔祴閲忔椂闂翠笉鍚岃岀浉寮傦紝鍥犳涓虹爺绌舵柟渚匡紝鍒跺畾鍑烘弿杩扮墿璐ㄧ壒寰佺殑鏍囧噯鐘跺喌273.15K鍜101.325KPa銆傜敱浜庢爣鍑嗘俯搴﹀拰鍘嬪姏鐨勮澶氬畾涔変笌鏍囧噯瀹為獙瀹ゆ俯搴︾殑娓╁害宸紓寰堝ぇ锛屾墍浠ョ粡甯稿弬鑰冣滄爣鍑嗗疄楠屽鏉′欢鈥濄
绛旓細鍦ㄦ爣鍐典笅锛娓╁害鏄273.15寮灏旀枃锛圞锛锛岃繖鏄熀浜庢按鐨勫啺鐐癸紙273.15寮灏旀枃锛夊拰姘寸殑娌哥偣锛373.15寮灏旀枃锛変箣闂寸殑涓偣銆傚帇寮烘槸1鏍囧噯澶ф皵鍘嬶紝涔熷氨鏄101325甯曟柉鍗★紙Pa锛夈傝繖涓帇寮烘槸鍦扮悆娴峰钩闈笂鐨勫ぇ姘斿帇寮猴紝鏍规嵁杩欎釜鍊兼帹瀵煎嚭鏉ョ殑銆傞渶瑕佹敞鎰忕殑鏄紝鏍囧喌鏄竴涓悊鎯冲寲鐨勭姸鎬侊紝瀹為檯鐨勬皵浣撳拰娑蹭綋鍦ㄨ繖鏍蜂弗鏍肩殑娓╁害鍜屽帇...
绛旓細2銆佸浗闄呮爣鍑嗗寲缁勭粐鍜岀編鍥藉浗瀹舵爣鍑嗚瀹氫互娓╁害288.15K锛15鈩冿級锛屽帇寮101.325KPa浣滀负璁￠噺姘斾綋浣撶Н娴侀噺鐨勬爣鎬併3銆佹垜鍥姐婂ぉ鐒舵皵娴侀噺鐨勬爣鍑嗗瓟鏉胯绠楁柟娉曘嬭瀹氫互娓╁害293.15K锛20鈩冿級锛屽帇寮101.325KPa浣滀负璁￠噺姘斾綋浣撶Н娴侀噺鐨勬爣鍑嗙姸鎬併4銆佷换鎰忔俯搴锛屾爣鍑嗗帇鍔汸胃=100kPa涓嬭〃鐜板嚭鐞嗘兂姘斾綋鎬ц川鐨勭函姘斾綋鐘舵併傛敞锛...
绛旓細娓╁害涓0鈩冿紙273.15K锛夊拰鍘嬪己涓101.325kPa锛1鏍囧噯澶ф皵鍘嬶紝760mmHg锛夈傛鐘舵鍗崇墿鐞嗗涓庡寲瀛︾殑鐞嗘兂鐘舵佷箣涓鏍囧噯鐘跺喌銆傜敱浜庡湴琛ㄥ悇澶鐨勬俯搴銆佸帇寮虹殕涓嶅悓锛屽嵆浣挎槸鍚屼竴鍦扮偣鐨勬俯搴﹀帇寮轰篃闅忔祴閲忔椂闂翠笉鍚岃岀浉寮傦紝鍥犳涓虹爺绌舵柟渚匡紝鍒跺畾鍑烘弿杩扮墿璐ㄧ壒寰佺殑鏍囧噯鐘跺喌锛0 鈩冿紙273.15 K锛夈101kPa銆傝繖鏍风殑瀹氫箟鎺ヨ繎娴...
绛旓細鏍囧噯澶ф皵鍘嬫槸鍘嬪己鐨勪竴绉嶉潪鍥介檯鍗曚綅鍒跺崟浣嶏紝鍗曚綅绗﹀彿atm銆傚叾鍏蜂綋鏁板兼湁涓嶅悓鐨勫畾涔夈傛爣鍑嗗ぇ姘斿帇涓鑸畾涔変负101.325kPa銆傚浗闄呮皯鑸粍缁囥佸浗闄呮爣鍑嗗寲缁勭粐绛夌粍缁囦娇鐢ㄨ繖涓鏁板笺1954骞寸鍗佸眾鍥介檯璁￠噺澶т細(CGPM)鍗忚鐨勬爣鍑嗙姸鎬佹槸锛氭俯搴273.15K锛0鈩冿級锛屽帇寮101.325KPa銆備笘鐣屽悇鍥界鎶棰嗗煙骞挎硾閲囩敤杩欎竴鏍囨併傚浗闄呮爣鍑...
绛旓細1銆1954骞寸鍗佸眾鍥介檯璁￠噺澶т細(CGPM)鍗忚鐨勬爣鍑嗙姸鎬佹槸锛氭俯搴273.15K锛0鈩冿級锛屽帇鍔101.325KPa銆備笘鐣屽悇鍥界鎶棰嗗煙骞挎硾閲囩敤杩欎竴鏍囨併2銆佸浗闄呮爣鍑嗗寲缁勭粐鍜岀編鍥藉浗瀹舵爣鍑嗚瀹氫互娓╁害288.15K锛15鈩冿級锛屽帇鍔101.325KPa浣滀负璁￠噺姘斾綋浣撶Н娴侀噺鐨勬爣鎬併3銆佹垜鍥姐婂ぉ鐒舵皵娴侀噺鐨勬爣鍑嗗瓟鏉胯绠楁柟娉曘嬭瀹氫互娓╁害293.15K锛...
绛旓細涓銆佸惈涔変笉鍚岋細鏃犳満鍖栧鐑姏瀛﹂噷锛鏍囧噯鐘舵鎸囩殑鏄細娓╁害298k锛25鎽勬皬搴︼級锛屼竴涓爣鍑嗗ぇ姘斿帇锛101325pa锛夈 鐞嗘兂鐘舵佹槸鍋囨兂鍑烘潵鐨勩傚疄闄呬笉鍙兘瀛樺湪鐨勭姸鎬侊紝鐞嗘兂鐘舵佹槸鎸囨皵浣撳垎瀛愪箣闂存病鏈夌浉浜掍綔鐢ㄧ殑寮曞姏鎴栨枼鍔涳紝涔熷氨鏄姘斾綋鐨勫唴鑳藉彧鏈夊垎瀛愬姩鑳借屾病鏈夊垎瀛愬娍鑳斤紝鐞嗘兂鐘舵佷笅锛屾皵浣撶殑鐑姏瀛﹁兘鍙笌娓╁害鏈夊叧锛...
绛旓細鏃娓╁害闄愬畾銆傜浉鍏崇煡璇嗭細涓銆佺儹鍔涘鏍囧噯鐘舵锛屾寚鍦100鍗冨笗鐨勫帇鍔涳紝鍗虫爣鍑嗗帇鍔涗笅绾墿璐ㄧ殑鐗╃悊鐘舵侊紝绠绉版爣鍑嗘侊紝閮ㄥ垎鏂囩尞涓101銆325鍗冨笗銆備簩銆佺儹鍔涘鏍囧噯鐘舵佸鍏蜂綋鐗╄川鐘舵佹湁涓ユ牸瑙勫畾锛岃瀹氬涓嬶細1銆佹皵浣撶墿璐細璇ユ皵浣撶殑鍘嬪姏锛屾垨鍦ㄦ贩鍚堟皵浣撲腑鐨勫垎鍘嬪间负100鍗冨笗锛岄儴鍒嗘枃鐚负101銆325鍗冨笗銆2銆佹憾娑诧細婧舵恫涓...
