动名词的用法是什么。 动名词的用法?

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动名词
一. 概念
动名词是非限定动词的一种形式,由动词原形+ing构成。它既有动词的特征,又有名词的特征,故称。动名词也有时态和语态的变化,如表所示(以及物动词write为例),不及物动词没有语态的变化。
时态/语态
主动
被动
一般式
writing
being written
完成式
having written
having been written

二. 相关知识点精讲:
1.作主语。例如:
   Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。
 2.作宾语 
  a. 有些动词可以用动名词作宾语。例如:
admit 承认
appreciate 感激
avoid 避免
complete完成
consider认为
delay 耽误
deny 否认
detest 讨厌
endure 忍受
enjoy 喜欢
escape 逃脱
fancy 想象
finish 完成
imagine 想象
mind 介意
miss 想念
postpone推迟
practice 训练
recall 回忆
resent 讨厌
resume 继续
resist 抵抗
risk 冒险
suggest 建议
face 面对
include 包括
stand 忍受
understand 理解
forgive 宽恕
keep 继续

例如:Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音机音量调小一点,好吗
  The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 这松鼠幸运得很,刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。    
  b. 有些结构后面可以用动名词作宾语或其他成分。例如:
admit to
prefer…to
be used to
lead to
devote oneself to
object to
stick to
no good
no use
be fond of
look forward to
be proud of

be busy
can't help
be tired of
be capable of
be afraid of
think of

burst out
keep on
insist on
count on
set about

put off
be good at
take up
give up
be successful in

3.作表语,对主语说明、解释。例如:
Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子。
比较:She is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children.
4.作定语,一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途。例如:
a writing desk=a desk for writing 写字台
a swimming pool=a pool swimming 游泳池
有些动名词作定语,与所修饰的名词关系比较复杂。例如:
boiling point=a temperature point at which something begins to boil 沸点
a walking tractor=a tractor which a driver can operate while he or she is walking behind it 手扶拖拉机
5.动名词复合结构
物主代词/人称代词或名词所有格/普通格与动名词连用,就构成了动名词的复合结构。物主代词或名词所有格等是动名词的逻辑主语。
动名词复合结构在句中主要作主语和宾语。
The students' knowing English well will help them to learn French.学生学好了英语对学习法语有帮助。
I remember Tom's going there.我记得汤姆去过那里。
三.巩固练习
1.It’s no use __________ theory without practice.
A. to learn B. of learning C. learn D. learning
2.Talking is easier than ______.
A. more doing B. to do C. doing D. much doing
3.Seeing it, he couldn’t help _______.
A. shouting B. shouting at C. shout D. his shouting
4.We insisted on ________ a good lesson.
A. teach B. her teaching C. teaching her D. himself teaching
5.Tom has got used to _________ Chinese.
A. to speak B. speaking C. to speaking D. to saying
6.The patient has given ________.
A. smoking B. out smoking C. smoke D. up smoking
7.The book is well worth ________ a second time.
A. reading B. seeing C. looking D. watching
8.Anybody won’t stand _______ like that.
A. to laugh B. being laughed at C. being not laughed at D. to laughing at
9.He admitted _________ Mary to that fellow.
A. having married B. to have married C. marrying not D. being married
10.Do you mind _________ a little late?
A. my being B. I being C. me to be D. be
11.The beautiful flowers want ________.
A. having watered B. watering C. being watered D. waters
12.She prefers ________ at home to _______ out at night.
A. to stay; go B. going; staying C. staying; going D. to staying; go
13.Would you mind _________ alone at home?
A. left B. being left C. to be left D. leaving
14.The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _______.
A. catching B. to catch C. being caught D. caught
15.I can hardly imagine Peter ________ across the Atlantic Oceanin five days.
A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed

A.作句子的主语
句型 V-ing…+V…

例A:Smoking is a bad habit.

(吸烟是坏习惯。)

例B:taking exercise every morning helps make one healthy.

(每天早晨做运动有助于人的健康。)

例C:It isn't easy trying to please her.

(想办法讨好她是不容易的。)

解说 动名词作主语用时是属于第三人称单数,因此要取单数形式动词。例C是表示动名词也可用“It…”的句式来表达。

B.作主语补语

句型 S+be+V-ing…

例A:My favorite sport is swimming.

(我最喜爱的运动是游泳。)

例B:Her only desire is studying music.

(她的唯一的愿望就是学音乐。)

C.作直按宾语

句型 S+Vt. +V-ing

例A:I enjoy watching TV news after supper.

(晚饭后我喜爱看电视新闻。)

例B:You'd better stop smoking.

(你最好把烟戒掉了。)

例C:It began raining heavily when we got there.

(我们到达那里时,开始下起大雨来了。)

例D:I remember seeing her somewhere before.

(我记得以前在什么地方见过她。)

例E:Do you mind mailing this letter for me ?

(替我寄这封信你介意吗?)

解说 英语的Vt. 取直接宾语时,有的习惯上要取不定式,有的则要取动名词,有的则取不定式或动名词皆可,表达的意思大致相同,但是也有些表达的意思不相同,现分别介绍如下:

①Vt. +V-ing …(习惯上取动名词为直接宾语)(如例A、B)

admit(承认),advise(劝告),avoid(避免),consider(考虑),

escape(脱逃),finish(做完),keep (on) (持续),practice(练习),quit(停止),resist(抵抗),risk(冒险),stand(忍受——否定句),stop(停止),understand(了解),etc .

注:请注意下面两句表达上的差别:

例:He stopped smoking. (他停止吸烟了。)

例:He stopped to smoke. (他抽起烟来了。)

第二句是“He stopped doing something and began to smoke. ”的意思。

②Vt. +V-ing…/to V…(动名词或不定式皆可,表达的意思大致相同。)(如例C)

begin(开始),cease(停止),continue(继续),fear(恐惧),start(开始),etc.

③Vt. +V-ing…/to V…(可取动名词,也可取不定式,但表达的意思不相同或用法不相同。)(如例D)

dislike(不喜欢),forget(忘却),hate(讨厌;恨),like(喜欢),love(爱;喜欢),need(需要),remember(记得),try(尝试),want(需要),etc.

注:本项所说的表达意义不同或用法不同,请参考词典,这里仅以“remember,”和“want”为例提供参考例句如下:

I remember seeing her somewhere before.

(我记得以前在什么地方见过她。)

I remember to see her tomorrow.

(我会记得明天去看她。)

由上例可知“remember +V-ing…”是指“对过去所做过的事记得”的意思,而“remember +to V…”是指“对将来的某一件事会记得去做”的意思。

Do you want to paint to door?

(你要油漆门吗?—“want”的意思是“要,欲”)

The door wants painting.

(这一道门需要油漆了。—“want”的意思是“需要”,即“need”,而“painting”所表达的意思是“to be painted”。)

例E的“mind +V-ing…?”通常是指说话者要请对方“来做……”的意思,若是说话者自己要做而在征求对方的同意时则使用“mind +my +V-ing…”的句式。

例:Do you mind opening the windows?

(请你把窗打开,你介意吗?)

Certainly not. (当然不介意。)

例:Do you mind me [my] smoking ?

(你会介意我吸烟吗?)

No, please do. (不会的,请便。)

“mind +V-ing”也可用于表达否定。

例:I don't mind being found going out with him.

(我不在乎被人看到和他一同出去。)

D.作介词的宾语

句型prep. +V-ing…

例A:He drove away without saying good-by.

(他没说再见就开了车走了。)

例B:It is not easy to make a living by writing .

(靠写作谋生是不容易的。)

例C:It is polite to knock before entering a room.

=It is…before one enters a room.

(进入房间之前敲门是一种礼貌。)

解说 如例C,因“before”也可作连词用,所以动名词部分可改以从句来表达。其他如“after, since”也可以仿照例C来表达。
参考:http://zhidao.baidu.com/link?url=iQ9LC0cIK0ohW7sxn5Mckczv4TxZCADgPY-Q1jbXEjDFHg341GAYxcMNScDI9re4TYETfEXqk6x4htcU-V9XWq

有名词的性质,也有动词的性质他后面可以有自己的宾语,宾补等,做伴随状语

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