化学反应可视为旧键断裂和新键形成的过程．化学键的键能是形成（或拆开）1mol化学键时释放（或吸收）的能 （1）化学反应可视为旧键断裂和新键形成的过程，化学键的键能是...
\uff081\uff09\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u53ef\u89c6\u4e3a\u65e7\u952e\u65ad\u88c2\u548c\u65b0\u952e\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0e\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u7684\u952e\u80fd\u662f\u5f62\u6210\uff08\u6216\u62c6\u5f00\uff09\uff0c1mol\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u65f6\u91ca\u653e\uff08\u6216\u5438\uff081\uff09\u636e\u9898\u610f\uff0c0.5mol\u6c2e\u6c14\u548c1.5mol\u6c22\u6c14\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u62101mol\u6c28\u6c14\u65f6\u653e\u51fa46KJ\u7684\u70ed\u91cf\uff0c\u53c8\u25b3H=\u53cd\u5e94\u7269\u7684\u952e\u80fd-\u751f\u6210\u7269\u7684\u952e\u80fd\uff0c1mol\u6c28\u6c14\u4e2d\u67093molN-H\u952e\uff0c\u8bbe\u5176\u952e\u80fd\u4e3ax\uff0c\u5219\u67090.5\u00d7940+1.5\u00d7436.0-3x=-46\uff0c\u53ef\u89e3\u5f97x=390\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5N-H\u952e\u7684\u952e\u80fd\u4e3a390kJ/mol\uff0c\u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\uff1a390\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u5df2\u77e5\uff1a\u2460N2\uff08g\uff09+2O2\uff08g\uff09=2NO2\uff08g\uff09\u25b3H1=+68kJ?mol-1\uff1b\u2461N2H4\uff08g\uff09+O2\uff08g\uff09=N2\uff08g\uff09+2H2O\uff08g\uff09\u25b3H2=-534kJ?mol-1\uff1b\u2462H2O\uff08l\uff09=H2O\uff08g\uff09\u25b3H3=+44kJ?mol-1\uff0e2N2H4\uff08g\uff09+2NO2\uff08g\uff09=3N2\uff08g\uff09+4H2O\uff08l\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u53cd\u5e94\u2461\u00d72-\u2460-\u2462\u00d74\u5f97\u5230\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8be5\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u7113\u53d8=\uff08-534kJ?mol-1\uff09\u00d72-68kJ?mol-1-\uff08+44kJ?mol-1\uff09\u00d74=-1312kJ/mol\uff0c\u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\uff1a2N2H4\uff08g\uff09+2NO2\uff08g\uff09=3N2\uff08g\uff09+4H2O\uff08l\uff09\u25b3H=-1312kJ/mol\uff0e
\uff081\uff09N2\u548cH2\u5408\u6210NH3\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1aN2+3H22NH3\uff0c\u7531N2\u548cH2\u5408\u62101molNH3\u65f6\u53ef\u653e\u51fa46.2kJ\u7684\u70ed\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u751f\u62102mol\u653e\u51fa\u7684\u70ed\u91cf\u4e3a2\u00d746.2kJ=92.4kJ\uff0c1molN2\u548c3molH2\u53cd\u5e94\u65ad\u88c2\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u9700\u8981\u5438\u6536\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4e3a\uff1a1mol\u00d7948.9kJ?mol-1+3\u00d7436.0kJ?mol-1=2256.9kJ\uff0cN-H\u952e\u7684\u952e\u80fd\u4e3ax\uff0c\u5f62\u62102molNH3\u9700\u8981\u5f62\u62106molN-H\u952e\uff0c\u5219\u5f62\u62106molN-H\u952e\u653e\u51fa\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4e3a6x\uff0c\u52196mol\u00d7x-2256.9kJ=92.4kJ\uff0cx=391.6kJ/mol\uff0c\u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\uff1a391.6kJ/mol\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u5df2\u77e5\uff1a\u2460Fe2O3\uff08s\uff09+3CO\uff08g\uff09=2Fe\uff08s\uff09+3CO2\uff08g\uff09\u25b3H=-24.8kJ?mol-1\u24613Fe2O3\uff08s\uff09+CO\uff08g\uff09\u25502Fe3O4\uff08s\uff09+CO2\uff08g\uff09\u25b3H=-47.2kJ?mol-1\u2462Fe3O4\uff08s\uff09+CO\uff08g\uff09\u25503FeO\uff08s\uff09+CO2\uff08g\uff09\u25b3H=+640.5kJ?mol-1CO\u6c14\u4f53\u8fd8\u539fFeO\u56fa\u4f53\u5f97\u5230Fe\u56fa\u4f53\u548cCO2\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1aCO+FeO=CO2+Fe\uff0c\u5219\u5229\u7528\u76d6\u65af\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u5c063\u00d7\u2460?\u2461?2\u00d7\u24626\uff0c\u53ef\u5f97\uff1aCO\uff08g\uff09+FeO\uff08s\uff09=CO2\uff08g\uff09+Fe\uff08s\uff09\uff1b\u25b3H=3\u00d7(?24.8kJ/mol)?(?47.2kJ/mol)?2\u00d7(+640.5kJ/mol)6=-218.0kJ/mol\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u8be5\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u70ed\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1aCO\uff08g\uff09+FeO\uff08s\uff09=CO2\uff08g\uff09+Fe\uff08s\uff09\uff1b\u25b3H=-218.0kJ/mol\uff0e\u6545\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\uff1aCO\uff08g\uff09+FeO\uff08s\uff09=CO2\uff08g\uff09+Fe\uff08s\uff09\uff1b\u25b3H=-218.0kJ/mol\uff0e
各化学键键能为P-P 198kJ?mol-1、P-O 360kJ?mol-1、O=O 498 kJ?mol-1．反应热△H=反应物总键能-生成物总键能，
所以反应P4+3O2=P4O6的反应热△H=6×198kJ?mol-1+3×498kJ?mol-1-12×360kJ?mol-1=-1638kJ?mol-1；
放热反应说明反应物具有的总能量高于生成物的总能量，
故选B．
绛旓細A銆佲憼杩囩▼涓2molH-H閿拰1molO-O閿柇瑁锛屽惛鏀惰兘閲忎负2Q 1 +Q 2 锛屾晠A閿欒锛汢銆佲憽杩囩▼4mol姘旀丠鍘熷瓙鍜2mol姘旀丱鍘熷瓙褰㈡垚2mol姘旀丠 2 O鐨勮繃绋嬶紝鏀惧嚭鑳介噺涓4Q 3 锛屾晠B閿欒锛汣銆佲憿杩囩▼涓2molH 2 鍜1molO 2 鐢熸垚2mol姘旀丠 2 O鐨勮繃绋嬶紝鏀惧嚭鐨勮兘閲忎负4Q 3 -锛2Q 1 +Q 2 锛夛紝鏁匔...
绛旓細鍖栧鍙嶅簲涓紝鏃ч敭鏂鍚告敹鑳介噺锛屽舰鎴愭柊閿斁鍑鸿兘閲忥紝鍙嶅簲Cl2+H2=2HCl涓紝闇瑕佹柇瑁1molCl-Cl閿拰1molH-H閿紝鍒欏惛鏀惰兘閲忥細436KJ+243KJ=679KJ锛岀敓鎴2molHCl鏃堕渶鐢熸垚1molH-Cl閿紝鏀惧嚭2mol脳431KJ/mol=862KJ鑳介噺锛屾斁鍑虹殑鑳介噺楂樹簬鍚告敹鐨勮兘閲忥紝鎵浠ュ弽搴旀槸鏀剧儹鐨勶紝鏀惧嚭鐨勮兘閲忎负862KJ-679KJ=183KJ锛屽嵆...
绛旓細B 鑰冩煡鍙嶅簲鐑殑璁＄畻銆傚弽搴旂儹灏辨槸鏂敭鍚告敹鐨勮兘閲忓拰褰㈡垚鍖栧閿鎵鏀惧嚭鐨勮兘閲忕殑宸笺傛墍浠ヨ鍙嶅簲鐨勫弽搴旂儹涓衡柍H锛6脳198kJ/mol+3脳498kJ/mol锛12脳360 kJ/mol锛濓紞1638 kJ/mol锛屾墍浠ョ瓟妗堟槸B銆
绛旓細A 璇曢鍒嗘瀽锛氬悇鍖栧閿閿兘涓篜-P 198kJ?mol -1 銆丳-O 360kJ?mol -1 銆丱-O 498 kJ?mol -1 锛屾牴鎹鍙嶅簲鐑柍H=鍙嶅簲鐗╂婚敭鑳-鐢熸垚鐗╂婚敭鑳斤紝鎵浠ュ弽搴擯 4 (鐧界７)锛3O 2 =P 4 O 6 鐨勫弽搴旂儹鈻矵=6脳198kJ?mol -1 +3脳498kJ?mol -1 -12脳360kJ?mol -1 =-1638kJ?mol -1 ...
绛旓細缁撴瀯鍙煡1mol鐧界７鍒嗗瓙涓惈鏈6molP-P閿紝1molP4O6鍒嗗瓙涓湁12molP-O閿紝P-P閿兘涓198kJ/mol锛孭-O閿兘涓360kJ/mol锛孫=O閿兘涓498kJ/mol锛鍙嶅簲鐑=鍙嶅簲鐗╃殑鎬婚敭鑳-鐢熸垚鐗╃殑鎬婚敭鑳斤紝鏁呭弽搴擯4锛堢櫧纾凤級+3O2=P4O6鐨勫弽搴旂儹鈻矵=6脳198kJ/mol+3脳498kJ/mol-12脳360kJ/mol=-1638kJ/mol锛屾晠閫堿锛
绛旓細鍙嶅簲鏂圭▼寮忎负锛欻2+Cl2=2HCl锛岀敓鎴2molHCl锛岄渶鍚告敹鑳介噺锛436kJ+243kJ=679kJ锛屾斁鍑鸿兘閲忥細2脳432kJ=864kJ锛屾斁鍑虹殑鑳介噺澶т簬鍚告敹鐨勮兘閲忥紝鍒欒鍙嶅簲鏀剧儹锛岀創鍙樹负璐熷彿锛屼笖鏀惧嚭鐨勭儹閲忎负锛864kJ-679kJ=185kJ锛屾墍浠モ柍H=-185KJ/mol锛庢晠绛旀涓猴細-185KJ/mol锛
绛旓細鍚鍖栧閿閿兘涓猴細P-P 198kJ?mol-1銆丳-O 360kJ?mol-1銆丱=O 498 kJ?mol-1锛屽弽搴旂儹鐨勭創鍙樷柍H=鍙嶅簲鐗╂婚敭鑳-鐢熸垚鐗╂婚敭鑳斤紝鍒欏弽搴擯4锛堢櫧纾凤級+3O2鈫扨4O6鐨勫弽搴旂儹涓猴細鈻矵=6脳198kJ?mol-1+3脳498kJ?mol-1-12脳360kJ?mol-1=-1638kJ?mol-1锛岃鏄庤鍙嶅簲涓鏀剧儹鍙嶅簲锛岄噴鏀1638kJ鑳介噺锛屾晠閫...
绛旓細锛1锛夋嵁棰樻剰锛1mol姘皵鍜3mol姘㈡皵鍙嶅簲鐢熸垚2mol姘ㄦ皵鏃舵斁鍑92.4KJ鐨勭儹閲忥紝鍙堚柍H=鍙嶅簲鐗╃殑閿兘-鐢熸垚鐗╃殑閿兘锛1mol姘ㄦ皵涓湁3molN-H閿紝璁惧叾閿兘涓簒锛屽垯鏈948.9+3脳436.0-2脳3x=-92.4锛屽彲瑙ｅ緱x=391.6锛屾墍浠-H閿殑閿兘涓391.6KJ/mol锛屾晠绛旀涓猴細391.6KJ/mol锛涳紙2锛夊凡鐭ワ細鈶燦2锛坓...
绛旓細A 鐢鍙嶅簲鏂圭▼寮忕煡锛岃鍙嶅簲鐨勮兘閲忓彉鍖栧寘鎷 1mol P 4 銆3mol O 2 鏂閿鍚告敹鐨勮兘閲忓拰1mol P 4 O 6 鎴愰敭鏀惧嚭鐨勮兘閲忋傜敱鍚勭墿璐ㄧ殑鍒嗗瓙缁撴瀯鐭1mol P 4 鍚6mol P鈥擯閿紝3mol O 2 鍚3mol O=O閿紝1mol P 4 O 6 鍚12mol P鈥擮閿紝鏁呂擧锛濓紙198kJ/mol 脳6锛498kJ/mol脳3锛夛紞3...
绛旓細锛1锛塏2鍜孒2鍚堟垚NH3鐨勬柟绋嬪紡涓猴細N2+3H22NH3锛岀敱N2鍜孒2鍚堟垚1molNH3鏃跺彲鏀惧嚭46.2kJ鐨勭儹閲忥紝鍒欑敓鎴2mol鏀惧嚭鐨勭儹閲忎负2脳46.2kJ=92.4kJ锛1molN2鍜3molH2鍙嶅簲鏂鍖栧閿闇瑕佸惛鏀剁殑鑳介噺涓猴細1mol脳948.9kJ?mol-1+3脳436.0kJ?mol-1=2256.9kJ锛孨-H閿殑閿兘涓簒锛屽舰鎴2molNH3闇瑕佸舰鎴6molN-H...
