路由器之间数据帧的传送是否也需要ARP协议？
\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\u6709\u54ea\u4e9bTCP/IP\uff0c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\u3002
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e3a\u5404\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\u5217\u8868(\u540e\u9762\u6570\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u9ed8\u8ba4\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u53e3)\uff1a
A
ARP (ARP Address Resolution Protocol)
B
BGP (\u8fb9\u7f18\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae Border Gateway Protocol)
\u84dd\u7259(Blue Tooth)
BOOTP (Bootstrap Protocol)
D
DHCP(\u52a8\u6001\u4e3b\u673a\u914d\u7f6e\u534f\u8bae Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
DNS(\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1 Domain Name Service)
DVMRP (Distance-Vector Multicast Routing Protocol)
E
EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol)
F
FTP (\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae File Transfer Protocol) 21
H
HDLC (\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u63a7\u5236\u534f\u8bae High-level Data Link Control)
HELLO(routing protocol)
HTTP \u8d85\u6587\u672c\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae 80
HTTPS \u5b89\u5168\u8d85\u7ea7\u6587\u672c\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae
I
ICMP (\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u63a7\u5236\u62a5\u6587\u534f\u8bae Internet Control Message Protocol)
IDRP (InterDomain Routing Protocol)
IEEE 802
IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol)
IGP (\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae Interior Gateway Protocol )
IMAP
IP (\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u534f\u8bae Internet Protocol)
IPX
IS-IS(Intermediate System to Intermediate System Protocol)
L
LCP (\u94fe\u8def\u63a7\u5236\u534f\u8bae Link Control Protocol)
LLC (\u903b\u8f91\u94fe\u8def\u63a7\u5236\u534f\u8bae Logical Link Control)
M
MLD (\u591a\u64ad\u76d1\u542c\u53d1\u73b0\u534f\u8bae Multicast Listener Discovery)
N
NCP (\u7f51\u7edc\u63a7\u5236\u534f\u8bae Network Control Protocol)
NNTP (\u7f51\u7edc\u65b0\u95fb\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae Network News Transfer Protocol) 119
NTP (Network Time Protocol)
P
PPP (\u70b9\u5bf9\u70b9\u534f\u8bae Point-to-Point Protocol)
POP (\u90ae\u5c40\u534f\u8bae Post Office Protocol) 110
R
RARP (\u9006\u5411\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8bae Reverse Address Resolution Protocol)
RIP (\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u534f\u8bae Routing Information Protocol)
S
SLIP (\u4e32\u884c\u94fe\u8def\u8fde\u63a5\u534f\u8baeSerial Link Internet Protocol)
SNMP (\u7b80\u5355\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u534f\u8bae Simple Network Management Protocol)
SMTP (\u7b80\u5355\u90ae\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae Simple Mail Transport Protocol) 25
SCTP(\u6d41\u63a7\u5236\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae Stream Control Transmission Protocol)
T
TCP (\u4f20\u8f93\u63a7\u5236\u534f\u8bae Transmission Control Protocol)
TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol)
Telnet (\u8fdc\u7a0b\u7ec8\u7aef\u534f\u8bae remote terminal protocol) 23
U
UDP (\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u534f\u8bae User Datagram Protocol)
\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\uff1a
ARP(Address Resolution Protocol)\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8bae
\u3000\u3000\u5b83\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u6620\u5c04\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u548c\u4e34\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u3002\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u5b83\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u534f\u8bae(\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42)\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5e76\u68c0\u67e5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u522b\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6b64\u7ed3\u70b9\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6b64\u5730\u5740\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u522b\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4f1a\u901a\u544a\u8fd9\u4e00\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u518d\u9009\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u4e86\u3002
\u3000\u3000SNMP(Simple Network Management P)\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u534f\u8bae
\u3000\u3000\u5b83\u662fTCP/IP\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3a\u672c\u5730\u548c\u8fdc\u7aef\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u7ba1\u7406\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u662f\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\u5316\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u4efd\u3002
\u3000\u3000BGP4(Border Gateway Protocol Vertion 4)\u8fb9\u754c\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae-\u7248\u672c4
\u3000\u3000\u5b83\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u81ea\u6cbb\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7f51\u5173\u4e3b\u673a(\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8def\u7531)\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea4\u6362\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u8def\u7531\u7b56\u7565\u4e0a\u914d\u7f6e\u8def\u7531\u52a0\u6743\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u65e0\u7ea7\u5185\u90e8\u57df\u540d\u8def\u7531(CIDR)\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bb9\u7eb3\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u5740\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5b83\u6bd4\u5916\u90e8\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae(EGP)\u66f4\u65b0\u3002BGP4\u7ecf\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u7f51\u5173\u4e3b\u673a\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u4e3b\u673a\u4e2d\u7684\u8def\u7531\u8868\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u5df2\u77e5\u8def\u7531\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u53ef\u8fbe\u7684\u5730\u5740\u548c\u8def\u7531\u52a0\u6743\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8def\u7531\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u597d\u7684\u901a\u8def\u4e86\u3002BGP\u5728\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u4e2d\u901a\u4fe1\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u90e8BGP(IBGP)\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aIBGP\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f88\u597d\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002
\u3000\u3000DHCP(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)\u52a8\u6001\u4e3b\u673a\u914d\u7f6e\u534f\u8bae
\u3000\u3000\u5b83\u662f\u5728TCP/IP\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u4f7f\u5ba2\u6237\u673a\u83b7\u5f97\u914d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u57fa\u4e8eBOOTP\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5e76\u5728BOOTP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u81ea\u52a8\u5206\u914d\u53ef\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u534f\u8bae\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u673a\u5236\u4e92\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002DHCP\u534f\u8bae\u5728\u5b89\u88c5TCP/IP\u534f\u8bae\u548c\u4f7f\u7528TCP/IP\u534f\u8bae\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u8fc5\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u914d\u7f6eIP\u5730\u5740\u3001\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u3001\u7f3a\u7701\u7f51\u5173\u4e09\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u624b\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528DHCP\u81ea\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e\u3002
FTP(File Transfer Protocol)\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae
\u3000\u3000\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea4\u6362\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8c61\u4f20\u9001\u53ef\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684HTTP\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u7684SMTP\u4e00\u6837\uff0cFTP\u4e5f\u662f\u5e94\u7528TCP/IP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u534f\u8bae\u6807\u51c6\u3002FTP\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u7f51\u9875\u4ece\u521b\u4f5c\u8005\u4e0a\u4f20\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u4f9b\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u4e0b\u4f20\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u666e\u904d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u7684DOS\u754c\u9762\u6765\u4f7f\u7528FTP\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7531\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762\u7684FTP\u6765\u66f4\u65b0(\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u91cd\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u79fb\u52a8\u548c\u590d\u5236)\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u652f\u6301\u533f\u540d\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528FTP\u548cANONYMOUS\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u540d\u8fdb\u884c\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u53e3\u4ee4\u6216\u53ea\u6309\u56de\u8f66\u952e\u3002
\u3000\u3000HDLC(High-Level Data Link Control)\u9ad8\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u534f\u8bae
\u3000\u3000\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u70b9\u95f4\u4f20\u9001\u6570\u636e\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u5728HDLC\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u7ec4\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u7684\u5355\u5143(\u79f0\u4e3a\u5e27)\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u53d1\u9001\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u786e\u8ba4\u6536\u5230\u3002HDLC\u534f\u8bae\u4e5f\u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u548c\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u95f4\u9694\u65f6\u95f4\u3002HDLC\u662f\u5728\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u4e2d\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6700\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u4f5c\u4e3aISO\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0cHDLC\u662f\u57fa\u4e8eIBM\u7684SDLC\u534f\u8bae\u7684\uff0cSDLC\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4e8eIBM\u7684\u5927\u578b\u673a\u73af\u5883\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u5728HDLC\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8eSDLC\u7684\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u901a\u54cd\u5e94\u6a21\u5f0f(NRM)\u3002\u5728\u901a\u5e38\u54cd\u5e94\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u57fa\u7ad9(\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5927\u578b\u673a)\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u7ed9\u672c\u5730\u6216\u8fdc\u7a0b\u7684\u4e8c\u7ea7\u7ad9\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684HDLC\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528X.25\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u5e27\u4e2d\u7ee7\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u534f\u8bae\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u6216\u5e7f\u57df\u7f51\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u6b64\u7f51\u662f\u516c\u5171\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u79c1\u4eba\u7684\u3002
\u3000\u3000HTTP1.1(Hypertext Transfer Protocol Vertion 1.1)\u8d85\u6587\u672c\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae-\u7248\u672c1.1
\u3000\u3000\u5b83\u662f\u7528\u6765\u5728Internet\u4e0a\u4f20\u9001\u8d85\u6587\u672c\u7684\u4f20\u9001\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u8fd0\u884c\u5728TCP/IP\u534f\u8bae\u65cf\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684HTTP\u5e94\u7528\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u4f7f\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9664\u4e86\u5305\u62ecHTML\u6587\u4ef6\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aHTTP\u9a7b\u7559\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u54cd\u5e94\u7528\u7528\u6237\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u60a8\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u662fHTTP\u5ba2\u6237\uff0c\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5f53\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u59cb\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u70b9\u51fb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u7ea7\u94fe\u63a5\u65f6\uff0c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5c31\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u4e86HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u6b64\u8bf7\u6c42\u88ab\u9001\u5f80\u7531IP\u5730\u5740\u6307\u5b9a\u7684URL\u3002\u9a7b\u7559\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u540e\u56de\u9001\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002
\u3000\u3000HTTPS(Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol)\u5b89\u5168\u8d85\u6587\u672c\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae
\u3000\u3000\u5b83\u662f\u7531Netscape\u5f00\u53d1\u5e76\u5185\u7f6e\u4e8e\u5176\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u538b\u7f29\u548c\u89e3\u538b\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u4f20\u9001\u56de\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002HTTPS\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5e94\u7528\u4e86Netscape\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u5c42(SSL)\u4f5c\u4e3aHTTP\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u7684\u5b50\u5c42\u3002(HTTPS\u4f7f\u7528\u7aef\u53e3443\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8c61HTTP\u90a3\u6837\u4f7f\u7528\u7aef\u53e380\u6765\u548cTCP/IP\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u3002)SSL\u4f7f\u752840 \u4f4d\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u4f5c\u4e3aRC4\u6d41\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5546\u4e1a\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u662f\u5408\u9002\u7684\u3002HTTPS\u548cSSL\u652f\u6301\u4f7f\u7528X.509\u6570\u5b57\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8bdd\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u8ba4\u53d1\u9001\u8005\u662f\u8c01\u3002
\u3000\u3000ICMP(Internet Control Message Protocol)Internet\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u606f\u534f\u8bae
\u3000\u3000\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u7f51\u5173\u4e4b\u95f4\u6d88\u606f\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u5dee\u9519\u62a5\u544a\u534f\u8bae\u3002ICMP\u4f7f\u7528IP\u6570\u636e\u62a5\uff0c\u4f46\u6d88\u606f\u7531TCP/IP\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u3002\u5728\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3aCatenet\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0cIP\u534f\u8bae\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u4e3b\u673a\u5230\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u8bbe\u5907\u79f0\u4e3a\u7f51\u5173\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f51\u5173\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u5173\u5230\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae(GGP)\u76f8\u4e92\u4ea4\u6362\u7528\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u8d61\u517b\u6216\u76ee\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u5c06\u548c\u6e90\u4e3b\u673a\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e3a\u62a5\u544a\u5728\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u7684\u624d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86ICMP\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528IP\u505a\u4e8e\u5e95\u5c42\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u597d\u8c61\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u800c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5b83\u662fIP\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u7531\u5176\u5b83IP\u6a21\u5757\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002ICMP\u6d88\u606f\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53d1\u9001:\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u4e0d\u80fd\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u65f6\uff0c\u5f53\u7f51\u5173\u7684\u5df2\u7ecf\u5931\u53bb\u7f13\u5b58\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5f53\u7f51\u5173\u80fd\u591f\u5f15\u5bfc\u4e3b\u673a\u5728\u66f4\u77ed\u8def\u7531\u4e0a\u53d1\u9001\u3002IP\u5e76\u975e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e3a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e3a\u7edd\u5bf9\u53ef\u9760\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f53\u7f51\u7edc\u51fa\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8fd4\u56de\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f7fIP\u534f\u8bae\u53d8\u5f97\u7edd\u5bf9\u53ef\u9760\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u6216\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u606f\u80fd\u591f\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u4ecd\u5c06\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e22\u5931\u3002
\u3000\u3000IPv6(Internet Protocol Version 6)Internet\u534f\u8bae-\u7248\u672c6
\u3000\u3000\u5b83\u662fInternet\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5df2\u4f5c\u4e3aIP\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5e76\u88ab\u8bb8\u591a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u652f\u6301\u3002IPv6\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201cIpng\u201d(\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3IP)\uff0c\u5b83\u5bf9\u73b0\u884c\u7684IP(\u7248\u672c4)\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\u3002\u4f7f\u7528IPv4\u548cIPv6\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u4e2d\u95f4\u7ed3\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406IP\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u5305\u3002\u7528\u6237\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5546\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5b89\u88c5IPv6\u800c\u4e0d\u7528\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u4ec0\u4e48\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7248\u672c4\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6539\u8fdb\u5728\u4e8e\u5c06IP\u5730\u5740\u4ece32\u4f4d\u6539\u4e3a128\u4f4d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6539\u8fdb\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9002\u5e94\u7f51\u7edc\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5bf9IP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4e5f\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u6539\u53d8\u4e86IP\u5730\u5740\u77ed\u7f3a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7b80\u5316IPv4\u9996\u90e8\u5b57\u6bb5\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u6216\u8005\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u9009\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5305\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5f00\u9500\u4ee5\u53caIPv6\u9996\u90e8\u5360\u7528\u7684\u5e26\u5bbd\u3002\u6539\u8fdbIP \u9996\u90e8\u9009\u9879\u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u5bfc\u81f4\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u5728\u9009\u9879\u957f\u5ea6\u65b9\u9762\u66f4\u5c11\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c06\u6765\u5f15\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u9009\u9879\u65f6\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u3002\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u90a3\u4e9b\u53d1\u9001\u8005\u8981\u6c42\u7279\u6b8a\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7279\u522b\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u6d41\u7684\u5305\u80fd\u591f\u8d34\u4e0a\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u975e\u7f3a\u7701\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u6216\u8005\u5b9e\u65f6\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u4e3a\u652f\u6301\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca(\u53ef\u9009\u7684)\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5bc6\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u90fd\u5728IPv6\u4e2d\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u672c\u6587\u63cf\u8ff0IPv6\u57fa\u672c\u9996\u90e8\u4ee5\u53ca\u6700\u521d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684IPv6 \u6269\u5c55\u9996\u90e8\u548c\u9009\u9879\u3002\u8fd8\u5c06\u8ba8\u8bba\u5305\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u6807\u7b7e\u548c\u4f20\u8f93\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caIPv6\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002IPv6 \u5730\u5740\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u8bed\u6cd5\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5355\u72ec\u8bf4\u660e\u3002IPv6\u7248\u7684 ICMP \u662f\u6240\u6709IPv6\u5e94\u7528\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5305\u542b\u7684\u3002
\u3000\u3000OSPF(Open Shortest Path First)\u5f00\u653e\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u4f18\u5148
\u3000\u3000OSPF\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u578b\u81ea\u4e3b\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u66ff\u4ee3\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u8c61RIP\u4e00\u6837\uff0cOSPF\u4e5f\u662f\u7531IETF\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7528\u4f5c\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\u65cf\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528OSPF\u65f6\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6734\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u7acb\u5373\u5728\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e0a\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u4e0d\u8c61RIP\uff0cOSPF\u4e0d\u662f\u5168\u90e8\u5f53\u524d\u7ed3\u70b9\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u8def\u7531\u8868\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u4f18\u5148\u7b97\u6cd5\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u77ed\u8def\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u91cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u719f\u6089\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u4f18\u5148\u7b97\u6cd5\u5c31\u4f1a\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u53ea\u5173\u5fc3\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6734\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u5176\u5b83\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5982\u4f18\u5148\u6743\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0cOSPF\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f7f\u5b83\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u7ed9\u67d0\u4e9b\u901a\u8def\u4ee5\u4f18\u5148\u6743\u3002
\u3000\u3000POP3(Post Office Protocol Version 3)\u90ae\u5c40\u534f\u8bae-\u7248\u672c3
\u3000\u3000\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u63a5\u6536\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u7684\u5ba2\u6237/\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u7531\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63a5\u6536\u5e76\u4fdd\u5b58\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7531\u5ba2\u6237\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u63a5\u6536\u7a0b\u5e8f\u68c0\u67e5\u90ae\u7bb1\u5e76\u4e0b\u8f7d\u90ae\u4ef6\u3002POP3\u5b83\u5185\u7f6e\u4e8eIE\u548cNetscape\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u66ff\u4ee3\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u4ea4\u4e92\u90ae\u4ef6\u8bbf\u95ee\u534f\u8bae(IMAP)\u3002\u4f7f\u7528IMAP\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u90ae\u4ef6\u89c6\u4e3a\u672c\u5730\u5ba2\u6237\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u90ae\u4ef6\u3002\u5728\u672c\u5730\u673a\u4e0a\u5220\u9664\u7684\u90ae\u4ef6\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u627e\u5230\u3002E-mail \u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u627e\u56de\u3002
\u3000\u3000PPP(Point to Point Protocol)\u70b9\u5bf9\u70b9\u534f\u8bae
\u3000\u3000\u5b83\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u4e32\u884c\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u4e24\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u8bdd\u7ebf\u8fde\u63a5\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u800c\u5f7c\u6b64\u901a\u4fe1\u800c\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u60a8\u70b9\u5bf9\u70b9\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u54cd\u5e94\u60a8\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5c06\u60a8\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u63a5\u6536\u5e76\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u9001\u56de\u3002PPP\u662f\u4f7f\u7528IP\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5b83\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662fTCP/IP\u534f\u8bae\u65cf\u7684\u4e00\u5458\u3002PPP\u534f\u8bae\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u4ecb\u8d28\u4e0a\u5305\u62ec\u53cc\u7ede\u7ebf\uff0c\u5149\u7ea4\u548c\u536b\u661f\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528HDLC\u8fdb\u884c\u5305\u7684\u88c5\u5165\u3002PPP\u534f\u8bae\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u540c\u6b65\u901a\u4fe1\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u6b65\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5141\u8bb8\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u5171\u4eab\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u8def\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u53d1\u8fdb\u884cSLIP\u534f\u8bae\u6240\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u5dee\u9519\u63a7\u5236\u3002
\u3000\u3000RIP(Routing Infomation Protocol)\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u534f\u8bae
\u3000\u3000RIP\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u73b0\u5728\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u4ece\u7c7b\u522b\u4e0a\u5e94\u8be5\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae(IGP)\u7c7b\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u8ddd\u79bb\u5411\u91cf\u8def\u7531\u5f0f\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u534f\u8bae\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e24\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u65f6\u53ea\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u6570\u76ee\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u76ee\u6807\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u7b49\u901f\u6216\u5e26\u5bbd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u4e2a\u6570\u4e00\u6837\uff0cRIP\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e24\u8005\u8ddd\u79bb\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u800c\u5b9e\u9645\u4f20\u9001\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5feb\u4e00\u4e2a\u6162\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662fRIP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u800cOSPF\u5728\u5b83\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u514b\u670d\u4e86RIP\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u3002
\u3000\u3000SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)\u7b80\u5355\u90ae\u4ef6\u4f20\u9001\u534f\u8bae
\u3000\u3000\u5b83\u662f\u7528\u6765\u53d1\u9001\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u7684TCP/IP\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u7531IETF\u7684RFC 821\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u548cSMTP\u76f8\u540c\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u662fX.400\u3002SMTP\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4f20\u9001\u4e2d\u63a5\u529b\u4f20\u9001\u90ae\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f20\u9001\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u73af\u5883(IPCE)\uff0c\u6b64\u73af\u5883\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u51e0\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u5230\u4f20\u9001\u7cfb\u7edf(\u6216IPCE)\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u5bf9\u4e00\u7684\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u8fdb\u7a0b\u901a\u8fc7\u5df2\u77e5\u7684IPCE\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u90ae\u4ef6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6216\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u90ae\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u4e0d\u540cIPCE\u4e0a\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8de8\u7f51\u7edc\u8fdb\u884c\u90ae\u4ef6\u4f20\u9001\u3002\u66f4\u7279\u522b\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u90ae\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u63a5\u529b\u5f0f\u4f20\u9001\u3002
\u3000\u3000TCP/IP(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)\u4f20\u8f93\u63a7\u5236\u534f\u8bae/Internet\u534f\u8bae
\u3000\u3000TCP/IP\u534f\u8bae\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u9632\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7814\u7a76\u8ba1\u5212\u5c40\u3002\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u9760\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u79f0\u4e3a\u4f20\u8f93\u63a7\u5236\u534f\u8baeTCP\uff0c\u597d\u6bd4\u8d27\u7269\u88c5\u7bb1\u5355\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931;\u63d0\u4f9b\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u79f0\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8baeIP\uff0c\u597d\u6bd4\u6536\u53d1\u8d27\u4eba\u7684\u5730\u5740\u548c\u59d3\u540d\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u5230\u8fbe\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5730\u70b9\u3002TCP/IP\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528TCP/IP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u56e0\u7279\u7f51\u7b49\u7f51\u7edc\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u670d\u52a1\u6709:\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u9001\u3001\u8fdc\u7a0b\u767b\u5f55\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7535\u89c6\u4f1a\u8bae\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u4e07\u7ef4\u7f51\u3002\u5b83\u662fInterent\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5728\u5e7f\u57df\u7f51\u5185\u7684\u8def\u7531\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4f7fInternet\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4e3b\u673a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e92\u8054\u3002\u4ece\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u56db\u5c42:\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u5c42\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42\u8d1f\u8d23\u5728\u7ebf\u8def\u4e0a\u4f20\u8f93\u5e27\u5e76\u4ece\u7ebf\u8def\u4e0a\u63a5\u6536\u5e27;Internet\u5c42\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e86IP\u534f\u8bae\uff0cIP\u534f\u8bae\u751f\u6210Internet\u6570\u636e\u62a5\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8def\u7531\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0cIP\u534f\u8bae\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u90e8\u5206:ARP\uff0cICMP\uff0cIGMP\u548cIP;\u518d\u4e0a\u5411\u5c31\u662f\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ba1\u7406\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u95f4\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c42\u5305\u62ec\u4e24\u4e2a\u534f\u8baeTCP\u548cUDP\uff0c\u7531\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u4e0d\u540c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1;\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5c42\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u719f\u6089\u7684FTP\uff0cDNS\uff0cTELNET\u7b49\u3002\u719f\u6089TCP/IP\u662f\u719f\u6089Internet\u7684\u5fc5\u7531\u4e4b\u8def\u3002
\u3000\u3000TELNET Protocol\u865a\u62df\u7ec8\u7aef\u534f\u8bae
\u3000\u3000TELNET\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u901a\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u53cc\u5411\u7684\uff0c\u9762\u5411\u516b\u4f4d\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5141\u8bb8\u63a5\u53e3\u7ec8\u7aef\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u9762\u5411\u7ec8\u7aef\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u662f\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u5728\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u5bf9\u5916\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8d44\u6e90\u3002
\u3000\u3000Time Protocol\u65f6\u95f4\u534f\u8bae
\u3000\u3000\u8be5\u534f\u8bae\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u7ad9\u70b9\u7684\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u53ef\u8bfb\u7684\u65e5\u671f\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\u670d\u52a1\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u662f\u4ee5\u79d2\u6570\uff0c\u662f\u4ece1900\u5e741\u67081\u65e5\u5348\u591c\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u79d2\u6570\u3002\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u4e3b\u673a\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u4e00\u60f3\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u4e1c\u4eac\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5982\u4f55\u5206\u5462?\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5f80\u5f80\u53ef\u4ee5\u4eba\u4e3a\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u56e0\u4e3a\u673a\u5668\u65f6\u949f\u5185\u7684\u8bef\u5dee\u800c\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u95f4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u8fc7\u9009\u4e3e\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f97\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8ba9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u5c0f\u770b\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ee5\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7b80\u5355\u662f\u592a\u91cd\u8981\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u534f\u8bae\u53ef\u4ee5\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728TCP\u548cUDP\u534f\u8bae\u4e0b\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u753132\u4f4d\u8868\u793a\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u81ea1900\u5e741\u67081\u65e50\u65f6\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u79d2\u6570\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u534f\u8bae\u53ea\u80fd\u8868\u793a\u52302036\u5e74\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u77e5\u9053\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u53d1\u5c55\u901f\u5ea6\u8fd9\u4e48\u5feb\uff0c\u5230\u65f6\u5019\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u4f1a\u6709\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u4ee3\u66ff\u8fd9\u4e2a\u534f\u8bae\u3002
\u3000\u3000TFTP(Trivial File Transfer Protocol)\u5c0f\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae
\u3000\u3000\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5b83\u6bd4FTP\u7b80\u5355\u4e5f\u6bd4FTP\u529f\u80fd\u5c11\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528UDP\u534f\u8bae\u800c\u4e0d\u662fTCP\u534f\u8bae\u3002
\u3000\u3000UDP(User Datagram Protocol)\u7528\u6237\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u534f\u8bae
\u3000\u3000\u5b83\u662f\u5b9a\u4e49\u7528\u6765\u5728\u4e92\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u5305\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u6b64\u534f\u8bae\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7f51\u8def\u534f\u8bae(IP)\u662f\u5176\u4e0b\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u3002UDP\u662fTCP\u7684\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8c61TCP\u4e00\u6837\uff0cUDP\u4f7f\u7528IP\u534f\u8bae\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u6570\u636e\u5355\u5143(\u53eb\u505a\u6570\u636e\u62a5)\uff0c\u4e0d\u8c61TCP\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u5305(\u6570\u636e\u62a5)\u7684\u5206\u7ec4\u548c\u7ec4\u88c5\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u5bf9\u5305\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5fc5\u987b\u81ea\u5df1\u786e\u5b9a\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u5426\u5b8c\u5168\u5730\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7f51\u7edc\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8981\u52a0\u5feb\u5904\u7406\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u90a3\u4f7f\u7528UPD\u5c31\u6bd4TCP\u8981\u597d\u3002UDP\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u7531IP\u5c42\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u6765\u533a\u522b\u4e0d\u540c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u5947\u5076\u6821\u9a8c\u3002\u5728OSI\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0cUDP\u548cTCP\u4e00\u6837\u5904\u4e8e\u7b2c\u56db\u5c42\uff0c\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u3002
\u901a\u8fc7\u697c\u4e3b\u7684\u5206\u6790\u77e5\u9053\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5e73\u65f6\u542c\u8bf4\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f51\u7edc\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\u6216\u8005\u53ea\u662f\u770b\u4e86\u4e00\u70b9\u4e66\u3002
\u8981\u60f3\u5f62\u6210\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u6982\u5ff5\u90a3\u5c31\u8981\u53bb\u770b\u4e00\u4e9b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u6216\u6587\u6863\u4e86\u3002
\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e00\u822c\u5206\u4e3a7\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u4e3a
1\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5c42--\u4f20\u8f93\u7535\u4fe1\u53f7010101\uff1b
2\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42--\u4f20\u9001\u6570\u636e\u5e27\uff08\u4e00\u822c\u8fd9\u6837\u53eb\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5MAC\u4e3a\u6e90\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff1b
3\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42--\u4f20\u9001IP\u6570\u636e\u62a5\uff0c\u4ee5IP\u5730\u5740\u4e3a\u6e90\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff1b
4\uff0c\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42--TCP\u6240\u5728\u7684\u5c42\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709UDP arp icmp\u7b49\u534f\u8bae
......
\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u66fe\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u7f51\u7edc\u67b6\u6784\u800c\u4eba\u4e3a\u5212\u5206\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e5f\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u63a5\u53e3\u4e4b\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u90a3\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u5404\u4e2a\u534f\u8bae\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u3002
\u5404\u4e2a\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u662f\u4e32\u884c\u8fd8\u662f\u5e76\u884c\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u4e0d\u505a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u770b\u4f60\u7528\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bbe\u5907-\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u8def\u7531\u5668==\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u8bbe\u5907\u652f\u6301\u5e76\u884c\u4f20\u8f93\u3002
\u4f60\u8bf4\u7684MII\u53ea\u662fIEEE802.3\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u768410M/100M/1000M\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u90fd\u53eb\u505aMII\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u8981\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u3002
\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5185\u5bb9\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u90a3\u5c31\u81f3\u5c11\u8981\u5b66\u597d\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff1a
\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784--\u5305\u88f97\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u6570\u636e\u5982\u4f55\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002
\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae--\u6bd4\u5982STP/RSTP,IGMP\uff0c\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae==
还是通过ARP+ICMP来实现的!
绛旓細濡傛灉鍩轰簬 IP 鐨勬柟寮忕殑璇濓紝纭疄浼氭湁 ARP璇锋眰鍑虹幇 锛璺敱鍣鏄洿鏂拌矾鐢变俊鎭殑锛屼細鍖呭惈涓嬩竴璺矷P銆傚氨鏄鍙寰楀埌 瀵规柟璁惧鐨凪AC 鎴栦簩灞傚皝瑁呭湴鍧锛屽氨涓嶉渶瑕佸彂閫丄RP璇锋眰浜嗭紝鐩存帴鍙鏁版嵁缁欓偦灞呫傚箍鍩熺綉涓繕鏈 甯涓户鍜 鍏朵粬浜屽眰灏佽鏂瑰紡銆
绛旓細鐢变簬缃戞ˉ鏄湪鏁版嵁甯涓婅繘琛岃浆鍙戠殑,鍥犳鍙兘杩炴帴鐩稿悓鎴栫浉浼肩殑缃戠粶(鐩稿悓鎴栫浉浼肩粨鏋勭殑鏁版嵁甯),濡備互澶綉涔嬮棿銆佷互澶綉涓庝护鐗岀幆(token ring)涔嬮棿鐨浜掕繛,瀵逛簬涓嶅悓绫诲瀷鐨勭綉缁(鏁版嵁甯х粨鏋勪笉鍚),濡備互澶綉涓嶺.25涔嬮棿,缃戞ˉ灏辨棤鑳戒负鍔涗簡銆 缃戞ˉ鎵╁ぇ浜嗙綉缁滅殑瑙勬ā,鎻愰珮浜嗙綉缁滅殑鎬ц兘,缁欑綉缁滃簲鐢ㄥ甫鏉ヤ簡鏂逛究,鍦ㄤ互鍓嶇殑缃戠粶涓,缃戞ˉ鐨...
绛旓細璺敱鍣鍦ㄧ綉缁滃眰澶у睍韬墜,渚濋潬IP鍦板潃绮剧‘杞彂鏁版嵁銆傝岀綉妗,鍒欏湪鏁版嵁閾捐矾灞傞粯榛樿繛鎺ヤ袱涓狶AN,鐢∕AC鍦板潃杞绘澗杞彂甯,绠鐩存槸鈥滀綆璋冨ア鍗庘濈殑璺敱鍣ㄥ憿!杩炴帴涓や釜LAN缃戞ˉ鑳藉宸у鍦拌繛鎺ヤ袱涓狶AN,鐢∕AC鍦板潃杞绘澗杞彂甯с傚畠骞朵笉娣卞叆鎺㈢┒杞彂甯т腑鐨勯珮灞傚崗璁瀵,杩欎娇寰楀畠鑳芥父鍒冩湁浣欏湴澶勭悊IP銆両PX绛夊崗璁缃戠粶灞傚ぇ灞曡韩鎵嬭矾鐢...
绛旓細浜ゆ崲鏈哄皝瑁呯殑鏄簩灞侻AC鍦板潃锛屼紶杈撶殑鏄鏁版嵁甯銆璺敱鍣灏佽鐨勬槸涓夊眰IP鍦板潃锛屼紶杈撶殑鏄暟鎹寘銆備氦鎹㈡満涓涓鍙ｄ负涓涓啿绐佸煙锛屾墍鏈夌鍙ｄ负涓涓箍鎾煙銆傝矾鐢卞櫒涓涓鍙ｄ负涓涓箍鎾煙銆
绛旓細瀹冧笉澶勭悊缃戠粶灞傜殑IP鍦板潃,涓嶅鐞嗛珮灞傚崗璁殑璇稿TCP銆乁DP鐨勭鍙ｅ湴鍧,瀹冨彧闇瑕佹暟鎹鍖呯殑鐗╃悊鍦板潃鍗矼AC鍦板潃,鏁版嵁浜ゆ崲鏄潬纭欢鏉ュ疄鐜扮殑,鍏堕熷害鐩稿綋蹇,杩欐槸浜屽眰浜ゆ崲鐨勪竴涓樉钁楃殑浼樼偣銆備絾鏄,瀹冧笉鑳藉鐞嗕笉鍚孖P瀛愮綉涔嬮棿鐨勬暟鎹浜ゆ崲銆備紶缁熺殑璺敱鍣鍙互澶勭悊澶ч噺鐨勮法瓒奍P瀛愮綉鐨勬暟鎹寘,浣嗘槸瀹冪殑杞彂鏁堢巼姣斾簩灞備綆,鍥犳瑕佹兂鍒╃敤浜...
绛旓細璺敱鍣鏍规嵁ip鍦板潃閫夎矾锛屼氦鎹㈡満鏍规嵁mac鍦板潃閫夎矾銆傝矾鐢卞櫒涓湁涓矾鐢辫〃锛鏁版嵁鍖呬腑鍖呭惈鐩殑ip鍦板潃鍜屾簮ip鍦板潃锛岃矾鐢卞櫒鏌ユ壘鍘荤洰鐨刬p鍦板潃鐨勮矾鐢辫〃锛岀劧鍚庤繘琛岃浆鍙戙
绛旓細鏁版嵁鍦ㄧ綉缁滃唴浼犻鏃 浼氱粡杩囪澶氫笉鍚岀殑璁惧鍜屼粙璐 鍏朵腑浜ゆ崲鏈哄睘浜庣浜屽眰 璺敱鍣灞炰簬绗笁灞 涓轰簡閫氳繃缃戠粶鍐呬笉鍚岀殑缃戠粶璁惧 鏁版嵁鍖呴渶瑕佺粺涓鐨勫皝瑁 鍏朵腑 鏈澶栭儴鐨勬槸2灞傚皝瑁 鍗甯澶 鐒跺悗鏄3灞傚皝瑁 鍗矷P鎶ュご 鍐嶆槸4灞傜殑鍗忚灏佽绛 鐒跺悗鎵嶆槸payload鏈夋晥璐熻浇 鏈鍚庢槸CRC鏍￠獙鍜 褰撴暟鎹氳繃2灞傝澶囧浜ゆ崲鏈虹殑...
绛旓細鎸囨暟鎹粠缃戠粶(鎴栭摼璺)鐨勪竴绔浼犻鍒板彟涓绔墍闇鐨勬椂闂淬 涓绘満鎴璺敱鍣鍙戦鏁版嵁甯鎵闇瑕佺殑鏃堕棿銆 鐢电娉㈠湪淇￠亾涓渶瑕佷紶鎾竴瀹氱殑璺濈鑰岃姳璐圭殑鏃堕棿銆 缁撶偣缂撳瓨闃熷垪涓垎缁勬帓闃熸墍缁忓巻鐨勬椂寤躲 浜ゆ崲缁撶偣涓哄瓨鍌ㄨ浆鍙戣岃繘琛屼竴浜涘鐞嗘墍璐圭殑鏃堕棿銆 淇￠亾鍒╃敤鐜囨寚鍑烘煇淇￠亾鏈夌櫨鍒嗕箣鍑犵殑鏃堕棿鏄鍒╃敤鐨(鏈夋暟鎹氳繃)銆傚畬鍏ㄧ┖闂茬殑淇￠亾...
绛旓細鏃跺欢鎸囨暟鎹(涓涓姤鏂囨垨鑰呭垎缁)浠庣綉缁(鎴栭摼璺)鐨勪竴绔浼犻鍒板彟涓绔墍闇鐨勬椂闂淬傛椂寤舵槸涓涓潪甯搁噸瑕佺殑鎬ц兘鎸囨爣锛屼篃鍙互绉颁负寤惰繜鎴栬呰繜寤躲傜綉缁滀腑鐨勬椂寤剁敱浠ヤ笅鍑犻儴鍒嗙粍鎴愶細(1)鍙戦佹椂寤 鍙戦佹椂寤舵槸涓绘満鎴璺敱鍣鍙戦佹暟鎹抚鎵闇瑕佺殑鏃堕棿锛屼篃灏辨槸浠庡彂閫鏁版嵁甯х殑绗竴涓瘮鐗圭畻璧凤紝鍒拌甯х殑鏈鍚庝竴涓瘮鐗瑰彂閫佸畬姣...
绛旓細绛旀锛氶敊璇 鐩稿叧鐭ヨ瘑锛氫粈涔堟槸璺敱锛熺櫨搴︾櫨绉戜腑璺敱鏄寚璺敱鍣浠庝竴涓帴鍙ｄ笂鏀跺埌鏁版嵁鍖咃紝鏍规嵁鏁版嵁鍖呯殑鐩殑鍦板潃杩涜瀹氬悜骞惰浆鍙戝埌鍙︿竴涓帴鍙ｇ殑杩囩▼銆傚鍥炬墍绀猴紝浠嶱C1鍘诲線PC2锛涓棿缁忚繃璺敱鍣紝璺敱鍣≧TA鏍规嵁鐩殑IP鎸囧鏁版嵁鍖呰浆鍙戠殑杩囩▼灏辩О涓鸿矾鐢便傝矾鐢卞櫒璐熻矗涓烘暟鎹寘閫夋嫨涓鏉℃渶浼樿矾寰勶紝骞惰繘琛岃浆鍙戙傛暟鎹寘鍦...
