单片机8051的内部硬件结构包括 8051单片机的结构特点
\u6c42\u89e38051\u5355\u7247\u673a\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u7ed3\u6784\u7279\u70b9\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff01\uff0151\u5355\u7247\u673a\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u786c\u4ef6\u7ed3\u6784(CPU\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406,\u50a8\u5b58\u5668\u7ed3\u6784,51,52\u548c89C51,89S51\u578b\u53f7\u5bf9\u6bd4)2009-09-15 23:4851\u7cfb\u5217\u5355\u7247\u673a\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u7ed3\u6784
\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a CPU\u3001RAM\u3001ROM\u3001 \u56db\u4e2a\u5e76\u884cI/O\u53e3\u30011\u4e2a\u4e32\u884c\u53e3\u3001 2\u4e2a16\u4f4d\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668/\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u3001\u4e2d\u65ad\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7279\u6b8a\u529f\u80fd\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3002
----------------------------------------------------------------
\u7b80\u8ff0\u4e0bCPU\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406
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CPU\u7531\u63a7\u5236\u5355\u5143\u3001\u8fd0\u7b97\u5355\u5143\u3001\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u5355\u5143\u548c\u65f6\u949f\u7b49\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u8fd0\u7b97\u5355\u5143\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5de5\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u7b97\u672f\u903b\u8f91\u90e8\u4ef6\uff08ALU\uff1aArithmetic and Logic Unit\uff09\u3001\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7ec4\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7ec4\u6210\u3002
CPU\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\uff1a\u6307\u4ee4\u6307\u793a\u5668\u6307\u5411\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u5b58\u653e\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u53d6\u6307\u5668\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u53d6\u51fa\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u5b83\u4ea4\u7ed9\u89e3\u7801\u5668\u3002\u89e3\u7801\u5668\u89e3\u91ca\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0cALU\u6267\u884c\u6307\u4ee4\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b83\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u3001\u51cf\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5904\u7406\u3002\u5728CPU\u89e3\u91ca\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u540e\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u4f1a\u544a\u8bc9\u53d6\u6307\u5668\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u53d6\u51fa\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7eed\u7740\uff0c\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u63a5\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ee5\u4ee4\u4eba\u773c\u82b1\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u6309\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5404\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u949f\u53d1\u751f\u5668\u3002\u65f6\u949f\u53d1\u751f\u5668\u662f\u7528\u6765\u8c03\u8282CPU\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u3002\u50cf\u8282\u62cd\u5668\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5b83\u53d1\u51fa\u8c03\u6574CPU\u6b65\u4f10\u7684\u8109\u51b2\u3002
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----------------------------------------------------------------
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PC\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\uff0c\u5b58\u653e\u7740\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u5c06\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0816\u4f4d\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u5bfb\u574064KB\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u590d\u4f4d\u540e\u7684\u503c\u662f0000H\u3002CPU\u6bcf\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u5185\u5bb9\uff0cPC\u5373\u81ea\u52a8\u52a0\u4e00\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u8bfb\u6216\u4fee\u6539PC\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002
IR\u662f\u6307\u4ee4\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0cID\u662f\u6307\u4ee4\u8bd1\u7801\u5668\u3002
DPTR\u662f\u6570\u636e\u6307\u9488\uff0c16\u4f4d\u5730\u5740\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bfb\u574064KB\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002
ACC\u662f\u7d2f\u52a0\u5668\uff0c\u5e38\u7528A\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u8fd0\u7b97\u5668\u505a\u8fd0\u7b97\u65f6\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u5728ACC\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u7c7b\u6307\u4ee4\u90fd\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u5b83\u3002
B\u662f\u4e58\u9664\u8fd0\u7b97\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u5728\u505a\u4e58\u3001\u9664\u6cd5\u65f6\u653e\u4e58\u6570\u6216\u9664\u6570\u3002
SP\u662f\u5806\u6808\u6307\u9488\u3002\u5355\u7247\u673a\u7684RAM\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u662f\u5806\u6808\u533a\uff0c\u5b58\u653e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u662f\u201c\u5148\u8fdb\u540e\u51fa\uff0c\u540e\u8fdb\u5148\u51fa\u201d\u3002\u7528\u5806\u6808\u6765\u5b58\u653e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5728\u8fd0\u7b97\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
----------------------------------------------------------------
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----------------------------------------------------------------
\u4e0d\u540c\u673a\u578b\u786c\u4ef6\u7279\u6027
MCS-51\u7cfb\u5217\u5355\u7247\u673a\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u5927\u7cfb\u5217\uff0c\u537351\u5b50\u7cfb\u5217\u4e0e52\u5b50\u7cfb\u5217\u3002
51\u5b50\u7cfb\u5217\uff1a\u57fa\u672c\u578b\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u7247\u5185ROM\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u82af\u7247\u4e3a8031\u30018051\u30018751\u30018951
52\u5b50\u7cfb\u5217\uff1a\u589e\u5f3a\u578b\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u7247\u5185ROM\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u82af\u7247\u4e3a8032\u30018052\u30018752\u30018952
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ROM
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RAM
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I/O\u7279\u6027
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ROM
EPROM
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8031
8051
8751
4KB
128B
64KB
2*16
4*8
5
80C31
80C51
87C51
4KB
128B
64KB
2*16
4*8
5
8032
8052
8752
8KB
256B
64KB
3*16
4*8
6
80C32
80C52
87C52
8KB
256B
64KB
3*16
4*8
6
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1.\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u5199\u5165\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u5199\u5165\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c89C51\u53ea\u652f\u6301\u5e76\u884c\u5199\u5165\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u9700\u8981VPP\u70e7\u5199\u9ad8\u538b\u300289S51\u5219\u652f\u6301ISP\u5728\u7ebf\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u5199\u5165\u6280\u672f!\u4e32\u884c\u5199\u5165\uff0c\u901f\u5ea6\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u66f4\u597d\uff0c\u70e7\u5199\u7535\u538b\u4e5f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u9700\u89814\uff5e5V\u5373\u53ef\u3002
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3.\u5de5\u4f5c\u9891\u7387\uff1a\u76ee\u524d89S1*\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e89C5*\uff0c89S5*\u7cfb\u5217\u652f\u6301\u6700\u9ad8\u9ad8\u8fbe33MHZ\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u9891\u7387\uff0c\u800c89C51\u5de5\u4f5c\u9891\u7387\u8303\u56f4\u6700\u9ad8\u53ea\u652f\u6301\u523024M\u3002
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6.\u52a0\u5bc6\u529f\u80fd\uff1a89S5*\u7cfb\u5217\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5bf9\u4e8e89S51\u7684\u89e3\u5bc6\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4fdd\u5bc6\u6027\u5927\u5927\u52a0\u5f3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u4e0d\u88ab\u4fb5\u72af\u3002
7.\u6297\u5e72\u6270\u6027\uff1a\u5185\u90e8\u96c6\u6210\u770b\u95e8\u72d7\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u50cf89C51\u90a3\u6837\u5916\u63a5\u770b\u95e8\u72d7\u8ba1\u65f6\u5668\u5355\u5143\u7535\u8def\u3002
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绛旓細銆愮瓟妗堛戯細8051鍗曠墖鏈鏄釜瀹屾暣鐨鍗曠墖寰瀷璁＄畻鏈恒傝姱鐗鍐呴儴鍖呮嫭涓嬪垪纭欢璧勬簮锛(1) 8浣岰PU;(2) 4KB鐨勭墖鍐呯▼搴忓瓨鍌ㄥ櫒ROM銆傚彲瀵诲潃64KB绋嬪簭瀛樺偍鍣ㄥ拰64KB澶栭儴鏁版嵁瀛樺偍鍣;(3) 128B鍐呴儴 RAM;(4) 21涓 SFR;(5) 4涓8浣嶅苟琛孖/O鍙(鍏32浣岻/O绾);(6) 涓涓叏鍙屽伐鐨勫紓姝ヤ覆琛屽彛;(7) 涓や釜16浣嶅畾鏃跺櫒...
绛旓細鍖呮嫭 4K 瀛楄妭鐨 ROM銆
绛旓細8051鍗曠墖鏈虹殑纭欢缁撴瀯涓昏鍖呮嫭浠ヤ笅鍑犱釜閮ㄥ垎锛1. 涓ぎ澶勭悊鍣紙CPU锛夛細杩欐槸鍗曠墖鏈虹殑鏍稿績閮ㄤ欢锛岃礋璐ｅ鐞嗗崟鐗囨満鐨勪富瑕佸姛鑳姐侰PU鐢辩畻鏈昏緫鍗曞厓锛圓LU锛夊拰鎺у埗鍗曞厓锛圕U锛夌粍鎴愩2. 瀛樺偍鍣細8051鍗曠墖鏈洪噰鐢ㄤ簡鍝堜經缁撴瀯锛屽尯鍒嗙▼搴忓瓨鍌ㄥ櫒鍜屾暟鎹瓨鍌ㄥ櫒銆傜▼搴忓瓨鍌ㄥ櫒鐢ㄤ簬瀛樺偍鎸囦护锛屾暟鎹瓨鍌ㄥ櫒鐢ㄤ簬瀛樺偍鎿嶄綔鏁板拰涓棿缁撴灉銆傚崟鐗...
绛旓細涓銆 8051 寰鐞嗗櫒 CPU 鈼 1 銆佽繍绠楀櫒 锛氱敱绠楁湳閫昏緫鍗曞厓 ALU銆佺疮鍔犲櫒ACC銆丅瀵勫瓨鍣ㄣ佷袱涓殏瀛樺瘎瀛樺櫒銆佺▼搴忕姸鎬佸瘎瀛樺櫒缁勬垚 PSW 锛 8 浣嶏紝鍙互杩涜绠楁湳浜戠畻锛堝姞锛屽噺锛屼箻锛岄櫎锛屼箻闄よ繍绠椾笌瀵勫瓨鍣 B 鏈夊叧锛夈侀昏緫杩愮畻鍙婄Щ浣嶈繍绠楃瓑銆 鈼 2 銆佹帶鍒跺櫒锛氱敱鎸囦护瀵勫瓨鍣 IR 銆佹寚浠よ瘧鐮佸櫒 ID 銆佸畾鏃跺強鎺у埗...
绛旓細鐗囧唴128B鐨勬暟鎹瓨鍌ㄥ櫒RAM锛沑n\n 鍙鍧澶栭儴绋嬪簭瀛樺偍鍣ㄥ拰鏁版嵁瀛樺偍鍣ㄧ┖闂村悇64KB鐨勬帶鍒剁數璺紱\n\n 21涓壒娈婂姛鑳藉瘎瀛樺櫒SFR锛沑n\n 4涓8浣嶅苟琛孖/O鍙0~P3锛屽叡32鏍笽/O绾匡紱\n\n 1涓叏鍙屽伐鐨勪覆琛屽彛锛沑n\n 2涓16浣嶅畾鏃跺櫒/璁℃暟鍣紱\n\n 5涓腑鏂簮锛屾湁2涓紭鍏堢骇宓屽涓柇缁撴瀯锛沑n\n 鐗囧唴...
绛旓細1.89C51鍗曠墖鏈虹殑鍐呴儴纭欢缁撴瀯鍖呮嫭浜咰PU銆佹暟鎹瓨鍌ㄥ櫒銆佺▼搴忓瓨鍌ㄥ櫒銆佸拰 浠ュ強骞惰I/O鍙ｃ佷覆琛屽彛銆佷腑鏂帶鍒剁郴缁熴佹椂閽熺數璺佷綅澶勭悊鍣ㄧ瓑閮ㄤ欢銆 2. 89C51鍗曠墖鏈虹殑鍐呴儴鍚勭‖浠堕氳繃鍗曠墖鏈哄唴閮鎬荤嚎鐩歌繛鎺,鍐呴儴鎬荤嚎鏍规嵁鍏跺姛鑳藉張鍒嗕负鏁版嵁鎬荤嚎銆佸湴鍧鎬荤嚎鍜 ... 灞曞紑 灏
绛旓細8051鍗曠墖鏈锛1銆佹湁涓涓狢PU鐢ㄦ潵杩愮畻鍜屾帶鍒讹紝2銆佹湁鍥涗釜骞惰IO鍙ｏ紝鍒嗗埆鏄疨0銆丳1銆丳2銆丳3锛3銆佹湁ROM锛岀敤鏉ュ瓨鏀剧▼搴忥紝4銆佹湁RAM锛岀敤鏉ュ瓨鏀句腑闂寸粨鏋滐紝5銆佸畾鏃惰鏁板櫒锛6銆佷覆琛孖O鍙ｏ紝7銆佷腑鏂郴缁燂紝8銆佷竴涓鍐呴儴鐨勬椂閽熺數璺
绛旓細鈼 2 銆佹帶鍒跺櫒锛氱敱鎸囦护瀵勫瓨鍣 IR 銆佹寚浠よ瘧鐮佸櫒 ID 銆佸畾鏃跺強鎺у埗閫昏緫鐢佃矾銆佺▼搴忚鏁板櫒 PC 缁勬垚锛屼娇鍗曠墖鏈鐨勮繍琛屾帶鍒朵腑蹇冦侾C 鐨缁撴瀯涓庡姛鑳斤細 16 浣嶇殑绋嬪簭瀵勫瓨鍣紝鎺у埗绋嬪簭鐨勬墽琛屻侷R 锛 ID 鐨勫姛鑳斤紱浜屻 8051 鐨鐗囧唴瀛樺偍鍣 鈼 ROM 锛 4KB 锛屽湴鍧 0000H--0FFFH 锛堜娇鐢ㄦ椂锛夆梿 RAM 锛 128B ...
绛旓細8051鍗曠墖鏈涓昏鏈変互涓嬮儴鍒缁勬垚锛1銆佷腑澶鐞嗗崟鍏僀PU锛8浣嶏級鐢ㄤ簬鏁版嵁澶勭悊銆佷綅鎿嶄綔锛堜綅娴嬭瘯銆佺疆浣嶃佸浣嶏級2銆佸彧璇诲瓨鍌ㄥ櫒ROM锛4KB鎴8KB锛夌敤浜庢案涔呮у瓨鍌ㄥ簲鐢ㄧ▼搴忥紝鎺╄啘ROM銆丒PROM銆丒EPROM 3銆侀殢鏈哄瓨鍙栧瓨鍙栧櫒RAM锛128B/256B锛夌敤浜庣▼搴忚繍琛屼腑瀛樺偍宸ヤ綔鍙橀噺鍜屾暟鎹 4銆佸苟琛岃緭鍏/杈撳嚭鍙/O锛32绾匡級鐢ㄤ綔绯荤粺鎬荤嚎...
