英语初中语法问题 几个初中英语语法问题
\u82f1\u8bed\u521d\u4e2d\u8bed\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\u7528\u5355\u6570 some parts of\u662f\u8f85\u52a9\u5bf9\u8c61 \u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\u4e3b\u8bedit it\u662f\u6574\u4f53\u4e3b\u8bed \u8bed\u6cd5\u4e2d\u8c13\u8bed\u5e94\u4e3a\u5355\u6570
1.\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u201c\u901a\u8fc7\u611f\u89c9\u5668\u5b98\u5f97\u77e5\u67d0\u4eba\u505a\u67d0\u4e8b\u201d\uff0c
\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3a\uff1a... sb. do sth. (\u540e\u9762\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0d\u5e26to)
\u8be5\u7c7b\u52a8\u8bcd\u5305\u62ecfeel(\u611f\u77e5),see(\u770b\u5230)\uff0clook at\uff08\u77a7\u7740\uff09hear(\u542c\u5230)\uff0clisten to(\u542c\u7740)\uff0cwatch(\u6ce8\u89c6\u5230)\uff0cobserve(\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230)\uff0cnotice\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\u5230)\u7b49\u3002
\u5982\uff1a
I saw the old man get off the bus.\u6211\u770b\u5230\u90a3\u8001\u4eba\u4e0b\u4e86\u516c\u4ea4\u8f66\u3002
He heard somebody sing in the classroom.\u4ed6\u542c\u5230\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u6559\u5ba4\u91cc\u5531\u8fc7\u6b4c\u3002a\uff09
2.sometimes\uff0csometime\uff0csome times\uff0csome time
sometimes\uff1a\u526f\u8bcd\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5019
We sometimes play games on the playground.\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u5728\u64cd\u573a\u4e0a\u505a\u6e38\u620f\u3002
sometime\uff1a\u526f\u8bcd\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u3001\u67d0\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u5929
It happened sometime last month.\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4e0a\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u3002
I'll meet you sometime this afternoon.\u6211\u4eca\u5929\u4e0b\u5348\u67d0\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u89c1\u4f60
some times\uff1a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd+\u590d\u6570\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u6570\u6b21\u3001\u6570\u500d
I have told you about it some times.\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u544a\u8bc9\u8fc7\u4f60\u597d\u51e0\u6b21\u4e86\u3002
some time \u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd+\u5355\u6570\u540d\u8bcd\uff0csome time
\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4
I had waited for you for some time, but you didn't come.
3. on\uff0c\u548cfor \u7684\u533a\u522b.
\u4f60\u63d0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u7f3a\u4e4f\u79d1\u5b66\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4ecb\u8bcd\u90fd\u542b\u6709\u597d\u51e0\u79cd\u8bcd\u4e49\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u8bf4\u6e05\u695a\u62bd\u8c61\u8fd8\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u3002
\u591a\u6570\u4ecb\u8bcd\u90fd\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff1a
a\uff09\u8868\u793a\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u540e\u9762\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u90fd\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u7684\uff09
on \u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u65e5\u671f
for\u6301\u7eed\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4
b\uff09\u8868\u793a\u5904\u6240\uff08\u540e\u9762\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u7684\uff09
on \u5728...\u7684\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\uff1aon the table\uff0con the wall
for \u5230...\u76ee\u7684\u5730\uff0c\u5982\uff1aleave for Beijing
c\uff09\u5f15\u7533\u610f\u601d
on \u6709\u5173\uff0c\u5982\uff1aa book on astronomy\u6709\u5173\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d
for \u4e3a\u4e86...\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5982\uff1asend for the doctor\u53bb\u8bf7\u533b\u751f\u3002
\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u4e3e\u4e0d\u80dc\u4e3e\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u591a\u89c2\u5bdf\u3001\u591a\u5206\u6790\u5c31\u662f\u4e86
类 别 意 义 例 句
实义动词 含有实在的意义,表示动作或状态,在句子中能独立作谓语。 She has some bananas. 她吃些香蕉。
They eat a lot of potatoes. 他们常吃土豆。
I’m reading an English book now.
我现在正看一本英文书。
连系动词 本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须和表语一起构成谓语。 His father is a teacher.他父亲是教师。
Twins usually look the same.
双胞胎通常看起来一样。
The teacher became very angry. 老师变得很生气。
助动词 本身没有词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态或其它语法形式,助动词自身有人称、单复数和时态的变化。 He doesn’t speak English. 他不说英语。
We are playing basketball. 我们在打篮球。
Do you have a brother? 你有兄弟吗？
情态动词 本身有一定的意义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和单复数的变化,有些情态动词有过去式。 You can keep the books for two weeks.
这些书你可以借两个星期。
May I smoke here? 我可以在这儿抽烟吗？
We must go now. 我们现在得走了。
★重要注解：
(1) 关于实义动词：
① 英语的实义动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词两大类：
后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的叫及物动词；本身意义完整,后面不需跟宾语的叫不及物动词。
② 有些动词通常只作不及物动词。如：go,come,happen,lie,listen,rise,arrive,hall等。
有些动词通常用作及物动词。如：say, raise, lay, find, buy等。
③ 大多数动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。如：study, sing等。
④ 有些动词作及物动词与作不及物动词时的意义有所不同。如：know, wash等。
⑤ 有些动词常和介词 、副词或其它词类一起构成固定词组,形成短语动词。如：listen,reply,wait,look.
(2) 关于连系动词：
① 连系动词用来连接主语和表语,连系动词后面常为形容词。
② 常见的连系动词有：be、become、look、feel、sound、smell、taste、seem、turn、grow、get、 go、fall、sit、stand、lie 等。
③ 有些连系动词来源于实义动词,意思也跟着变化：look(看→看起来)、feel(感觉、摸→感到)、 smell(闻、嗅→闻起来)、taste(尝→尝起来)、turn(翻转、转动→变得)、grow(生长→变得)、get(得到、到达→变得)、go(去→变得),所不同的是,作为实义动词时,后面不能跟形容词。
[注释]
become、get、go、be、grow、turn的用法区别：become表示“变成”,比较正式,通常不用将来时表示动作已经完成。get也表示动作已经完成,但是更加口语化,通常表示温度、时间、岁数等变化。go表示“变得”,常见于某些短语中,后面常有形容词bad、blind、hungry等。be表示“是、成为、当”,多用于将来时、祈使句或不定式中。grow表示“变得”,常指逐渐的变化,表示身高、岁数的增长。turn表示“变得”,指变为与原先不同的情况,通常指颜色等变化。如：I was caught in the rain and I became ill.(我淋雨感冒了)/ He has got rich.(他变富了)/ He will be a scientist in the future.(将来他将成为科学家)/ My little brother has grown much taller in the past year.(在过去的一年里我的弟弟长得高多了)/ The sandwich has gone bad.(那块三明治已经变坏)/ Her face turned red after her mother criticized(批评) her.(妈妈批评了他以后他的脸变红了)
(3) 关于助动词：
①常见的助动词有：用于进行时和被动语态的be (am, is, are ,was, were, been, being ) ;用于完成时的have(has,had,having) ;用于将来时的shall (should) ; will (would)和用于一般时的do(does,did) .
②助动词必须同主语的人称和数一致,也就是说因主语人称、数的不同而采用不同的形式,其中有些助动词也可作情态动词。如：shall, will, should, would.
(4) 关于情态动词：
①常见的情态动词有：can (could) ,may (might), must ,shall (should), will (would), dare (dared) , need等,另外,have to、had better也当作情态动词使用。情态动词后面必须加动词的原形。
②can表示体力、脑力方面的能力或客观的可能性。口语中, 在询问或说明一件事可不可以做时,常用“can”代替“may”。情态动词“can”的过去式是“could”,否定式是“cannot”通常缩写成“can’t”,“could”的否定式是“could not”,通常缩写成“couldn’t”。如：Can I help you?(要帮忙吗？)/ He can swim.(他会游泳)/ That can’t be Mr Li.(那不可能是李先生)
③ may表示允许、请求或可能性,用may提问时,肯定回答一般用Certainly或Yes,you may.;否定回答一般用can’t或mustn’t. 如：May I ask you a question?—Certainly.(可以问你一个问题吗？当然可以)/ You may go now.(现在你可以走了)/ It may be in your pocket.(它可能在你的衣袋里)
④ must表示“必须”、“一定”的意思。表示“必须”时否定形式是mustn’t；表示“一定”时,否定形式是“can’t” 如：We must be very careful when we cross the road.(我们过马路时一定要非常小心)/ It must be Jack.(那准是杰克)/ I haven’t seen Kate today. She can’t be here.(我今天没有看到过凯特,她不可能在这里)
[注意]用must(必须)进行提问时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t；用must(一定)进行提问时,肯定回答仍用must,但是否定回答用can’t.如：Must we clean the room before we leave? –Yes,you must.或No,you needn’t.(我们走之前必须要打扫房间吗？是的,必须打扫。/ 不,不需要。) / Must she be in the romm? –Yes,she must.或No,she can’t.(她一定在房间里吗？是的,一定。/ 不,不可能在。)
⑤ “have to”表示“不得不”、“必须”。We’ll have to leave now for it is very late at night.
have to的疑问形式是：助动词+…+have to,否定形式是：助动词+not+have to或者用needn’t.如：Do you have to stay until 8 o’clock?(你得呆到8点钟吗？)/ You don’t have to do so.(=You needn’t do so.)(你不用这么做)
⑥ shall在问句中,可表示征求对方意见,与第一人称连用；在陈述句的第二、三人称的主语后或表示“命令”、“警告”、“允许”等。如：Shall we go to the zoo this weekend?(我们这个周末去动物园好吗？)/ He shall bring his own book next time.(他下次必须带自己的书来)
⑦ should可表示“劝告”、“建议”、“惊奇”等意思。We should speak to old people politely.(我们应该礼貌地对老人讲话)
⑧ will表示“意愿”、“决心”等意思,一般与第二人称连用。如：Will you please close the door for me?(请你替我把门关上好吗？)/ I will teach you a lesson.(我要教训你一顿)
⑨would表示过去的“意愿”、“决心”等。He would sit near the fire every time he returned home.(每次他回到家中总要坐在火炉边)
would也可以表示现在的情况,表达说话人向对方提出的要求,语气比“will”婉转、客气。在日常会话中,“我想要…”通常用“I would like to”或“I should(I’d) like to”来表示。如：Would you like to have a rest at the moment?(你现在想要休息一下吗？)
would还可以表示过去经常发生的事情。如：Every year parents would tell their children about the boy who would save his people.(每一年父母们总是向孩子们讲述这个将会拯救他的人民的男孩的事)
⑩ need表示“需要”,用于疑问句或否定句。“need”作实义动词时,在肯定、否定、疑问句中都可以用。如：He needn’t do it in such a hurry.(他不需要如此匆忙地做这件事)/ He needs some help.(他需要一些帮助)/ He doesn’t need to bring his football socks then.(那么他就无须带上足球袜了)
⑾ dare是“敢”的意思,用法几乎与“need”完全相同,即在疑问句和否定句中,可以作情态动词,后面用不带“to”的动词不定式。在肯定句中和实义动词一样,后面的动词不定式要带“to”。How dare you say I am a fool?(你竟敢说我是个傻瓜？)/ He didn’t dare to touch the red button.(他不敢触碰那个红色的按钮)
⑿ ‘d better (do)(“最好是”)一般也当作情态动词使用,否定式是：’d better not (do). 如：You’d better sit here and say nothing.(你最好坐在这儿不讲话)/ You’d better not speak because he is sleeping.(你最好不要讲话因为他正在睡觉)
2、动词词形变化一览表：
(1)规则动词变化表：
规 则变 化 原形动词结尾情况 现在时单三人称 现 在 分 词 过去式和过去分词
一般情况 +s +ing +ed
s,x,ch,sh,o结尾 +es +ing +ed
辅音字母+y结尾 y→i,+es +ing y→i,+ed
重读闭音节一元一辅结尾 +s 双写辅音字母,+ing 双写辅音字母,+ed
不发音的e结尾 +s 去掉e,+ing +d
ie结尾 +s ie→y,+ing +d
不规则变化 have→has；be→is (无) (见不规则动词变化表)
注意：①在加ing或ed时动词如果以“r”结尾,尾音节又重读的动词,“r”应双写。
②s/es的读音规则：在清辅音后读[s]；在浊辅音后和元音后读[z]；在[ s ]、[ F]、[z]、[tF]、[dV]后读[iz].
③ed的读音规则：在清辅音后读[t]；在浊辅音后和元音后读[d]；在[t]、[d]后读[id].
(2)不规则动词变化表：( 原形 → 过去式 → 过去分词)
be(am,is) was been lose lost lost
be(are) were been make made made
beat beat beaten may might
become became become mean meant meant
begin began begun meet met met
blow blew blown mistake mistook mistaken
break broke broken must must
bring brought brought pay paid paid
build built built put put put
buy bought bought read read Read
can could ride rode ridden
catch caught caught ring rang rung
choose chose chosen rise rose risen
come came come run ran run
cost cost cost say said said
cut cut cut see saw seen
dig dug dug sell sold sold
do did done send sent sent
draw drew drawn set set set
drink drank drunk shall should
drive drove driven shine shone shone
eat ate eaten show showed shown
fall fell fallen shut shut shut
feel felt felt sing sang sung
find found found sink sank/sunk sunk/sunken
fly flew flown sit set set
forget forgot forgot/forgotten sleep slept slept
freeze froze frozen smell smelt smelt
get got got speak spoke spoken
give gave given spend spent spent
go went gone spill spilt spilt
grow grew grown spoil spoilt spoilt
hang hung/hanged hung/hanged stand stood stood
have(has) had had sweep swept swept
hear heard heard swim swam swum
hide hid hidden take took taken
hit hit hit teach taught taught
hold held held tell told told
hurt hurt hurt think thought thought
keep kept kept throw threw thrown
know knew known understand understood understood
lay laid laid wake woke/waked woken/waked
learn learnt/learned learnt/learned wear wore worn
leave left left will would
lend lent lent win won won
let let let write wrote witten
lie lay lain
3、be(“是/存在”)动词的各种时态变化：
一 般 现 在 时 一 般 将 来 时 现 在 完 成 时
I am….
You are.…
He/She/It is….
We/You/They are…. (I等各人称) will be….
I am
He/She/It is going to be…
We/You/They are I have been….
You have been….
She/he/It has been….
We/You/They have been….
一 般 过 去 时 过 去 将 来 时 过 去 完 成 时
I was….
You were.…
He/She/It was….
We/You/They were…. (I等各人称) would be….
I was
He/She/It was going to be…
We/You/They were I had been….
You had been….
She/he/It had been….
We/You/They had been….
注意：句型变化时,
否定句在am /is /are /will /have /has /was /were /had /would 后面加not,而且not都可以缩写为n’t (am后面not不可以缩写)；
疑问句将am /is /are /will /have /has /was /were /had /would 提前到句首。
http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/133360703.html
参考这个 感觉总结得非常全
much修饰不可数名词。many修饰可数的，a lot of 和lots of 两者都可以修饰
建议你再买本语法书来看
many修饰可数名词复数，much修饰不可数名词
many修饰可数名词复数
much修饰不可数名词
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绛旓細There is something wrong with my watch.鎴戠殑琛ㄥ嚭闂浜嗐 2) 褰撲富璇槸涓鏈功鎴栦竴鏉℃牸瑷鏃,璋撹鍔ㄨ瘝甯哥敤鍗曟暟銆 渚嬪:The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.>鏄鑻辫鐖卞ソ鑰呯啛鎮夌殑涓鏈ソ涔︺ 3) 琛ㄧず閲戦挶,鏃堕棿,浠锋牸鎴栧害閲忚 鐨勫鍚堝悕璇嶄綔涓昏鏃,閫氬父鎶婅繖浜涘悕璇嶇湅浣滀竴涓暣浣,璋撹涓鑸敤鍗曟暟...
绛旓細1锛庡湪鍙ヤ腑鎷呭綋瀹捐鐨勪粠鍙ュ彨瀹捐浠庡彞锛屽璇粠鍙ュ彲浣滆皳璇姩璇嶇殑瀹捐锛屼篃鍙仛浠嬭瘝鐨勫璇俥g, He said he was good at drawing. (鍔ㄨ瘝瀹捐)He asks him how long Mike has been down . (鍔ㄨ瘝瀹捐)Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (浠嬭瘝瀹捐)2锛 瀹捐浠庡彞鐨勫紩瀵艰瘝鏈変笁绫伙細(1) 浠ha...
绛旓細1.鍙嶄箟鈥橀棶鍙ワ紝瑕佸墠鍚庝竴鑷达紝鐢╥sn't.鏉ュ弽闂2.My parents can't even afford a new refrigerator...鎴戠埗姣嶇敋鑷充拱涓嶈捣涓鍙版柊鍐扮銆俆he arts should be available to more people at prices they can afford...鑹烘湳鍝佸簲璇ヤ互浜轰滑鑳藉鎵垮彈鐨勪环鏍奸潰鍚戞洿澶氱殑浜哄嚭鍞俛fford to do something 姝ょ煭璇腑...
绛旓細1銆丯o news are good news锛燂紙鏀归敊锛夌瓟妗堬細are鏀筰s.闂锛氬悗闈㈢殑good news鏄鏁帮紝涓轰粈涔堣繕瑕佺敤is鍛紵2銆乀here are (five glasses of)water on the table.(灏辨嫭鍙峰唴閮ㄥ垎鎻愰棶锛夌瓟妗堬細How much water is there on the table.闂锛氫互鍓嶅彧瑕佹嫭鍙峰唴閮ㄥ垎鏀圭壒娈婄枒闂瘝锛屽啀鍔ㄨ瘝鎻愬墠灏卞彲浠ヤ簡銆備负浠涔堣繖棰...
绛旓細鑻辫鏋勮瘝娉曚富瑕佹湁锛氬悎鎴愭硶銆佹淳鐢熸硶鍜岃浆鎹㈡硶銆1銆佸悎鎴愭硶锛氬锛歴paceship, headache, basketball, playground绛夌瓑銆2銆佹淳鐢熸硶锛(1)娲剧敓鍚嶈瘝锛氣憼鍔ㄨ瘝+er/or 鈶″姩璇+ing 鈶㈠姩璇+(t)ion 鈶ｅ舰瀹硅瘝+ness 鈶ゅ叾浠,濡傦細inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge (2)娲剧敓...
绛旓細1. 鐢眛hat寮曞鐨勫璇粠鍙ャ俆hat鍙湁璇硶浣滅敤锛屾病鏈夊疄鍦ㄧ殑鎰忎箟锛屽湪鍙ｈ 鍜岄潪姝ｅ紡鏂囦綋涓彲浠ョ渷鐣ャ備緥濡傦細He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.2. 鐢辫繛鎺ヤ唬璇峸ho, whom, whose, what, which鍜岃繛鎺ュ壇璇峸hen, where, why, how寮曞鐨勫璇粠鍙ャ傝繖浜涜繛鎺ヤ唬璇嶅拰杩炴帴鍓瘝鍦ㄥ璇粠鍙ヤ腑鍏呭綋鏌愪釜鎴愬垎銆
绛旓細鍒濅腑鑻辫璇硶澶у叏 涓銆佽瘝绫汇佸彞瀛愭垚鍒嗗拰鏋勮瘝娉: 1銆佽瘝绫:鑻辫璇嶇被鍒嗗崄绉: 鍚嶈瘝銆佸舰瀹硅瘝銆佷唬璇嶃佹暟璇嶃佸啝璇嶃佸姩璇嶃佸壇璇嶃佷粙璇嶃佽繛璇嶃佹劅鍙硅瘝銆 1銆佸悕璇(n.):琛ㄧず浜恒佷簨鐗┿佸湴鐐规垨鎶借薄姒傚康鐨勫悕绉般傚:boy,morning,bag,ball,class,orange. 2銆佷唬璇(pron.):涓昏鐢ㄦ潵浠ｆ浛鍚嶈瘝銆傚:who,she,you,it. 3銆佸舰瀹硅瘝...
绛旓細鍒濅腑鑻辫璇硶闂 瀹氳浠庡彞涓富鍙ュ拰浠庡彞瑕佷笉瑕佷繚鎸佹椂鎬佷竴鑷?鍐嶅府鎴戣涓涓嬪璇粠鍙ヤ腑涓诲彞鐨勫悇绉嶆椂鎬佷粠鍙ュ垎鍒敤閭ｇ鏃舵?甯垜璇︾粏璁蹭竴涓媬~路... 瀹氳浠庡彞涓富鍙ュ拰浠庡彞瑕佷笉瑕佷繚鎸佹椂鎬佷竴鑷?鍐嶅府鎴戣涓涓嬪璇粠鍙ヤ腑涓诲彞鐨勫悇绉嶆椂鎬佷粠鍙ュ垎鍒敤閭ｇ鏃舵?甯垜璇︾粏璁蹭竴涓媬~路 灞曞紑 2涓洖绛 #鐑# 涓轰粈涔堢幇鍦ㄦ儏鏅枩鍓...
