初中数学竞赛试题及答案 2006全国初中数学竞赛题目及答案

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2009年全国初中数学联合竞赛试题参考答案
第一试
一、选择题(本题满分42分,每小题7分)
1. 设 ,则 ( A )
A.24. B. 25. C. . D. .

2.在△ABC中,最大角∠A是最小角∠C的两倍,且AB=7,AC=8,则BC= ( C )
A. . B. . C. . D. .

3.用 表示不大于 的最大整数,则方程 的解的个数为 ( C )
A.1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.

4.设正方形ABCD的中心为点O,在以五个点A、B、C、D、O为顶点所构成的所有三角形中任意取出两个,它们的面积相等的概率为 ( B )
A. . B. . C. . D. .

5.如图,在矩形ABCD中,AB=3,BC=2,以BC为直径在矩形内作半圆,自点A作半圆的切线AE,则 CBE= ( D )
A. . B. . C. . D. .

6.设 是大于1909的正整数,使得 为完全平方数的 的个数是 ( B )
A.3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6.

二、填空题(本题满分28分,每小题7分)
1.已知 是实数,若 是关于 的一元二次方程 的两个非负实根,则 的最小值是_____ _______.

2. 设D是△ABC的边AB上的一点,作DE//BC交AC于点E,作DF//AC交BC于点F,已知△ADE、△DBF的面积分别为 和 ,则四边形DECF的面积为___ ___.

3.如果实数 满足条件 , ,则 __ ____.
4.已知 是正整数,且满足 是整数,则这样的有序数对 共有___7__对.
第二试 (A)
一.(本题满分20分)已知二次函数 的图象与 轴的交点分别为A、B,与 轴的交点为C.设△ABC的外接圆的圆心为点P.
(1)证明:⊙P与 轴的另一个交点为定点.
(2)如果AB恰好为⊙P的直径且 ,求 和 的值.
解 (1)易求得点 的坐标为 ,设 , ,则 , .
设⊙P与 轴的另一个交点为D,由于AB、CD是⊙P的两条相交弦,它们的交点为点O,所以OA×OB=OC×OD,则 .
因为 ,所以点 在 轴的负半轴上,从而点D在 轴的正半轴上,所以点D为定点,它的坐标为(0,1).
(2)因为AB⊥CD,如果AB恰好为⊙P的直径,则C、D关于点O对称,所以点 的坐标为 ,
即 .
又 ,所以
,解得 .

二.(本题满分25分)设CD是直角三角形ABC的斜边AD上的高, 、 分别是△ADC、△BDC的内心,AC=3,BC=4,求 .
解 作 E⊥AB于E, F⊥AB于F.
在直角三角形ABC中,AC=3,BC=4, .
又CD⊥AB,由射影定理可得 ,故 ,
.
因为 E为直角三角形ACD的内切圆的半径,所以 = .
连接D 、D ,则D 、D 分别是∠ADC和∠BDC的平分线,所以∠ DC=∠ DA=∠ DC=∠ DB=45°,故∠ D =90°,所以 D⊥ D, .
同理,可求得 , . 所以 = .
三.(本题满分25分)已知 为正数,满足如下两个条件:


证明:以 为三边长可构成一个直角三角形.
证法1 将①②两式相乘,得 ,
即 ,
即 ,
即 ,
即 ,
即 ,
即 ,即 ,
即 ,
所以 或 或 ,即 或 或 .
因此,以 为三边长可构成一个直角三角形.
证法2 结合①式,由②式可得 ,
变形,得 ③
又由①式得 ,即 ,
代入③式,得 ,即 .


所以 或 或 .
结合①式可得 或 或 .
因此,以 为三边长可构成一个直角三角形.

第二试 (B)
一.(本题满分20分)题目和解答与(A)卷第一题相同.
二. (本题满分25分) 已知△ABC中,∠ACB=90°,AB边上的高线CH与△ABC的两条内角平分线 AM、BN分别交于P、Q两点.PM、QN的中点分别为E、F.求证:EF‖AB.
解 因为BN是∠ABC的平分线,所以 .
又因为CH⊥AB,所以

因此 .
又F是QN的中点,所以CF⊥QN,所以 ,因此C、F、H、B四点共圆.
又 ,所以FC=FH,故点F在CH的中垂线上.
同理可证,点E在CH的中垂线上.
因此EF⊥CH.又AB⊥CH,所以EF‖AB.

三.(本题满分25分)题目和解答与(A)卷第三题相同.

第二试 (C)
一.(本题满分20分)题目和解答与(A)卷第一题相同.

二.(本题满分25分)题目和解答与(B)卷第二题相同.

三.(本题满分25分)已知 为正数,满足如下两个条件:


是否存在以 为三边长的三角形?如果存在,求出三角形的最大内角.
解法1 将①②两式相乘,得 ,
即 ,
即 ,
即 ,
即 ,
即 ,
即 ,即 ,
即 ,
所以 或 或 ,即 或 或 .
因此,以 为三边长可构成一个直角三角形,它的最大内角为90°.
解法2 结合①式,由②式可得 ,
变形,得 ③
又由①式得 ,即 ,
代入③式,得 ,即 .


所以 或 或 .
结合①式可得 或 或 .
因此,以 为三边长可构成一个直角三角形,它的最大内角为90°.

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