过去完成时的8个标志词
过去完成时：表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果，用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件中，时指动作发生的时间态指动作的样子和状态。它表示动作发生的时间是过的过去，侧重事情的结果。
过去完成时的8个标志词
标志词有：by + 过去的时间点；by the end of + 过去的时间点；before + 过去的时间点；肯定句：主语+had+动词过去分词+其他；否定句：主语+had+not+动词过去分词+其他；疑问句：Had+主语+动词过去分词+其他；肯定回答：Yes,主语+had.否定回答：No,主语+hadn't；特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+had+主语+过去分词+其他。
过去完成时的用法
1、在宾语从句中的运用
Lizzy asked John what the professor had said in class.
在课上，利兹问约翰，教授说了什么。（这里“said”的动作在“ask”之前）
2、在定语从句中的运用
Yesterday, I helped an old man who had lost her way.
昨天，我帮助了一个已经迷路的老人。（who引导的定语从句）
3、在以主语+had done, before/by+过去时间状语词组/从句中的运用：
Mr.Wanghad attended the conference and delivered a speech before he visited Yorkshire.
王先生在去约克郡之前已经出席了会议并发表演讲。（before引导的从句，一般过去时）
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