莆田有哪些方言？ 莆田话的方言研究
\u8386\u7530\u65b9\u8a00\u8c1a\u8bed\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u554a\uff1f\u5c0f\u5c0f\u5077\u6458\u8304\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u5077\u7275\u7f8a
\u9e2d\u6bcd\u542c\u96f7\u516c(\u9e2d\u5b50\u542c\u96f7)
\u5bfa\u8870\u65e0\u548c\u5c1a
\u5403\u7812\u971c\u62c9\u5c4e\u53bb\u900f\u72d7
\u6709\u91d1\u65e0\u788e\u94f6
\u5b59\u963f\u5b59\u3001\u9694\u4e00\u58a9
\u8001\u592a\u5a46\u6295\u6728\u5934\uff0c\u4e5e\u4e10\u5a46\u5492\u5929\u5730
\u597d\u5384\u4e00\u53e5\uff0c\u574f\u5384\u4e00\u53e5
\u5403\u9152\u5934\u8857\uff0c\u53ae\u6253\u6d41\u59bb
2\u5b57\u5bf9\uff1a\u5403\u918b\uff0c\u62c9\u7cd6\u3002\u50cf\u6837\uff0c\u9a87\u624d\u3002\u5f00\u82b1\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u6478\u8304\uff0c\u7ed3\u74dc\u3002
\u3000\u30003\u5b57\u5bf9\uff1a\u72d7\u7b11\u6708\uff0c\u9e2d\u542c\u96f7\u3002\u86c7\u541e\u8c61\uff0c\u864e\u8fce\uff08\u53fc\uff09\u732a\u3002\u624b\u90e8\u957f\uff0c\u76ee\u91cf\u6d45\u3002\u53cc\u5934\u86c7\uff0c\u4e09\u811a\u864e\u3002\u7275\u732a\u54e5\uff0c\u505a\u9e2d\u6bcd\u3002\u864e\u637a\u76ae\uff0c\u86c7\u892a\u58f3\u3002\u77f3\u5934\u864e\uff0c\u67f4\u5c3e\u9f99\u3002\u4e5e\u98df\u80da\uff0c\u6d41\u6816\u76f8\u3002\u9762\u76ae\u8584\uff0c\u8179\u809a\u6491\u3002
\u3000\u30004\u5b57\u5bf9\uff1a\u4e4c\u9f9f\u9547\u8def\uff0c\u767d\u8681\u5403\u539d\u3002\u94b1\u8f7b\u8f7f\u91cd\uff0c\u60f3\u597d\u51ff\u6b6a\u3002\u6469\uff08\u4e94\u6307\u6293\uff09\u76d0\u6492\u9171\uff0c\u98df\u94dc\u5410\u94c5\u3002\u5c3c\u59d1\u6367\u918b\uff0c\u5b64\u8001\u6495\u59dc\u3002\u547c\u9e21\u9a82\u9e1f\uff0c\u4e70\u732b\u6362\u9b48\uff08\u732b,\u4ed9\u6e38\u79f0niau\uff09\u3002\u8033\u804b\u653e\u70ae\uff0c\u9752\u76f2(\u778e\u5b50)\u6572\u949f\u3002\u6e56\u871e\u542e\u8840\uff0c\u9cab\u6bcd\u7f20\u811a\u3002\u9972\u72d7\u8892\u8d3c\uff0c\u903c\u864e\u4f24\u4eba\u3002\u6c9f\u8693\u9493\u9f99\uff0c\u5149\u997c\u63b7\u72d7\u3002
\u3000\u30005\u5b57\u5bf9\uff1a\u8001\u9e5e\u836b\u4e03\u91cc\uff0c\u597d\u732b\u7ba1\u4e5d\u5bb6\u3002\u8001\u725b\u5403\u5e7c\u7b0b\uff0c\u77ee\u72d7\u722c\u9ad8\u5899\u3002\u9ebb\u957f\u8f67\u65e0\u7e29\uff0c\u6811\u8001\u7834\u65e0\u67f4\u3002\u5e74\u5e74\u5341\u516b\u5c81\uff0c\u65e5\u65e5\u4e09\u5341\u665a\u3002\u539d\u74e6\u69fd\u732b\u72f8\uff0c\u8475\u6876\uff08\u9a6c\u6876\uff09\u91cc\u80e1\u8747\u3002\u597d\u7af9\u51fa\u597d\u7b0b\uff0c\u6b79\u94c1\u6253\u6b79\u9489\u3002\u571f\u571f\u593a\u4e00\u9f13\uff0c\u72c2\u72c2\u6253\u4e03\u66f4\u3002\u9e1f\u4ed4\u8e66\u783b\u7ce0\uff0c\u5e90\u9f20\u54ac\u7834\u68c9\u3002\u6b79\u72d7\u585e\u95e8\u6237\uff0c\u732b\u72f8\u6e29\u7076\u7a7a\u3002\u5c04\u5703\u91cc\u533e\u989d\uff0c\u57ce\u968d\u5e99\u732a\u811a\u3002\u867e\u8682\u722c\u76d0\u74ee\uff0c\u5e90\u9f20\u843d\u6cb9\u7f38\u3002\u62c5\u7897\u5403\u7897\u7f3a\uff0c\u6253\u77f3\u9047\u77f3\u94bb\u3002\u9a6c\u5feb\u623f\u7740\u8d3c\uff08\u88ab\u76d7\uff09\uff0c\u4eac\u57ce\u91cc\u8bb2\u5b98\u3002\u9b3c\u9762\u524d\u4e5e\u4ed4\uff0c\u795e\u5e10\u9876\u62fe\u67d1\u3002\u8001\u7239\u8001\u7239\u8bb2\uff0c\u4e5e\u98df\u4e5e\u98df\u51c9\u3002\u4e8c\u5413\u62d4\u9a6c\u5c3e\uff0c\u548c\u5c1a\u5403\u732a\u809d\u3002
\u3000\u30006\u5b57\u5bf9\uff1a\u9171\u867e\u5750\u6a2a\u5934\u4f4d\uff0c\u732a\u6bcd\u6e38\u56db\u57ce\u95e8\u3002\u9e21\u5634\u634f\u505a\u9e2d\u5634\uff0c\u72d7\u5934\u5047\u505a\u7f8a\u5934\u3002\u72d7\u9a82\u7334\uff0c\u7334\u9a82\u72d7\uff1b\u718a\u60ca\u9b3c\uff0c\u9b3c\u60ca\u718a\u3002\u7076\u9a7b\u4e0b\u6bd4\u8001\u5988\uff0c\u6447\u7bee\u91cc\u53eb\u53d4\u516c\u3002\u76ee\u776d\u85cf\u88e4\u811a\u91cc\uff0c\u8033\u8154\u585e\u9ad8\u5316\u68c9\u3002\u5bbd\u5f20\u62c5\uff0c\u7d27\u884c\u8def\uff1b\u957f\u4ea4\u8d22\uff0c\u77ed\u7b97\u5e10\u3002\u54d1\u53e3\u5e08\u516c\u884c\u50a9\uff0c\u9752\u76f2\u5148\u751f\u8fc7\u6865\u3002\u80f8\u574e\u9053\uff08\u62cd\uff09\uff0c\u756a\u85af\u54ac\uff1b\u76ee\u776d\u987f\uff0c\u732a\u811a\u56f5\uff08\u5543\uff09\u3002\u5403\u7897\u91cc\u6446\u7897\u5916\uff0c\u62c5\u67f4\u5356\u4e70\u67f4\u70e7\u3002\u5218\u8d3e\u8bb2\uff0c\u91d1\u5974\u4f1a\uff1b\u9648\u4e09\u9762\uff0c\u4e94\u5a18\u58f0\u3002\u5634\u7ea2\u7ea2\u8bb2\u522b\u4eba\uff0c\u811a\u4e53\u4e53\u5403\u7956\u516c\u3002\u542b\u51a4\u6253\u7c38\u7b95\u9f13\uff0c\u5e0c\u7f55\u51fa\u626b\u5e1a\u661f
\uff08\u8865\uff1a\u8386\u4ed9\u65b9\u8a00\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5165\u58f0\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u5f88\u591a\u53e4\u6c49\u8bed\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u53ca\u53d1\u97f3\u3002\u53d7\u5b8b\u4ee3\u767d\u8bdd\u5f71\u54cd\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u3002\uff09\u8386\u4ed9\u8bdd\u53e4\u9999\u53e4\u8272\uff0c\u8386\u4ed9\u8bdd\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bcd\u6c47\u548c\u53d1\u97f3\u5982\u4e0b\uff08\u672c\u4eba\u6c34\u5e73\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u8bf7\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u8865\u5145\uff01\uff09\u6539\u7f16\uff1a\u6211\u662f\u4e2a\u7eaf\u6b63\u7684\u8386\u7530\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u6709\u4e0d\u51c6\u7684\u6211\u4f1a\u66f4\u6539\u3002\u8386\u4ed9\u8bdd\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\u7684\uff0c\u4f1a\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5012\u8fc7\u6765\u5ff5\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5947\u602a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u53e4\u767d\u8bdd\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u516c\u9e21\u2014\u2014\u9e21\uff08ke\uff09\u516c\uff08kɒŋ\uff09\uff1b \u6bcd\u9e21\u2014\u2014\u9e21\uff08ke\uff09\u6bcd\uff08ou\uff09\uff08\u4ed9\u6e38\uff1a\u9e21\u6bcd\u2014\u2014ke \u03b2o\uff09\uff1b\u5ba2\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u4eba\uff08\u4fac\uff09\uff08naŋ\uff09\u5ba2\uff08kha\uff09\uff08\u4ed9\u6e38\uff1anan ŋau\uff09 \u7b49\u7b49\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7528\u56fd\u9645\u97f3\u6807\u6807\u8bc6\uff08\u58f0\u8c031\u81f37\u5206\u522b\u662f\u9634\u5e73\u3001\u9633\u5e73\u3001\u4e0a\u58f0\u3001\u9634\u53bb\u3001\u9633\u53bb\u3001\u9634\u5165\u3001\u9633\u5165\uff09\u98df\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u5403\u201d\uff0c\u8bfb ɬia2\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u57ce\u91cc\u4eba\u7684\u53e3\u8bed\u4e2d\u4f1a\u5c06\u5176\u5165\u58f0\u53d8\u6210ɬiah2\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u8386\u7530\u6c5f\u53e3\u3001\u5c71\u91cc\u4ee5\u53ca\u79c0\u5c7f\u533a\u4e1c\u90e8\u5730\u533a\u5e38\u5e38\u8bfb\u6210ɬie2\u3002\u543c\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u54ed\u201d \uff0chau3\uff0c\u4ed9\u6e38\u53d1\u97f3\u4e3ahaũ3\u3002\u539d\uff0c\u623f\u5b50\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u8bfb tsʰɔu4\u3002\uff08\u5f15\u7533\u4e49\u6709\u5bb6\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff09\u3002\u7bb8\uff0c\u7b77\u5b50\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u8bfbty5\uff08\u8386\u7530\uff09\uff1b\u4ed9\u6e38\u67ab\u4ead\u4e00\u5e26\u4e3a\uff1a\u9ab9\u7bb8\uff0c\u8bfbkʰɒ2 li3\uff08\u4ed9\u6e38\u5176\u4f59\u5730\u65b9\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u201c\u7bb8\u201d\uff0cty5\uff09\u3002\u518c\uff0c\u4e66\u7c4d\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u8bfbʦʰah6\u3002\u9f0e\uff0c\u716e\u996d\u7528\u7684\u9505\uff0c\u8bfbtie3\uff08\u8386\u7530\uff09\uff0ctiã3\uff08\u4ed9\u6e38\uff09\u3002\u94fa\uff0c\u5e8a\u94fa\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u52a8\u8bcd\u201c\u94fa\u8bbe\u201d\uff0c\u8bfbpʰɔu1\uff08\u8386\u4ed9\u4e00\u6837)\u4e5f\u662f\u5174\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u91cc\u7a0b\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u5927\u7ea6\u5408\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u4e94\u516c\u91cc\uff08\u5341\u91cc\uff09\uff0c\u8bfbpʰɔu4\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u53bb\u58f0\u3002㾏\u4fac\uff0c\u574f\u4eba\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u8bfbkai2 nang2\uff08\u8386\u7530\uff09\uff0ckai2 nan2\uff08\u4ed9\u6e38\uff09\u3002\u6b22\u559c\uff0c\u9ad8\u5174\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u8bfbhua2 i3\uff08\u8386\u7530\uff09\uff0chuã i\uff08\u4ed9\u6e38\uff09\u56f0\uff0c\u7761\u89c9\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u57ce\u91cc\u4eba\u8bfbkʰeng4\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6cbf\u6d77\u6709\u4eba\u8bfbkʰong4\u3002\u4ed9\u6e38\u662fkʰuon4\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5348\u7761\u5219\u662f\u201c\u6b47\u663c\u201d\uff0c\u8bfbhø1lau4\u3002\u5c0f\u7761\u5219\u662ftʰing3\u3002\u9f7f\uff0c1\uff09\u7259\u9f7f\uff0c\u8bfbkʰi3\uff08\u8386\u7530\uff09\u3002\u800c\u8386\u4ed9\u8bdd\u5f53\u4e2d\u201c\u7259\u201d\u4e0d\u6307\u7259\u9f7f\uff1b2\uff09\u5599\u9f7f\uff0c\u53d1\u97f3ʦʰui i3\uff0c\u4ed9\u6e38\u8bf4\u201c\u7259\u9f7f\u201d\u4e3a\u201c\u5599\u9f7f\u201d\u3002\u563b\uff0c\u7b11\uff0c\u8bfbhi2\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u7b11\u201d\u5b57\u8bfbtsʰieu4\u3002\u6c5d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4eba\u79f0\uff0c\u8bfbty3\u3002\u6211\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4eba\u79f0\uff0c\u8bfbkuo3\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8bfbkua3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e09\u4e2a\u4eba\u79f0\u7684\u8bfb\u97f3\u90fd\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5165\u58f0\u5316\u3002\u4ed9\u6e38\u4ee5\u53ca\u5fe0\u95e8\u9547\u5357\u90e8\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u4e5f\u8bf4\u3010\u4ebb\u8d21\u3011\uff0c\u8bfbkŋ3\u3002\u4f0a\uff0c \u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\uff0c\u8bfbi3\u6216\u8005i1\u3002\u6211\u8f88\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4eba\u79f0\u590d\u6570\uff0c\u8bfbkuoh1 muei4\u3002\u4e5f\u6709\u8bfbkum1 muei4\uff1b\u4ed9\u6e38\u8bf4\u7b2c\u4e00\u4eba\u79f0\u590d\u6570\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u201ckŋ3\u201d\u3002\u6c5d\u8f88\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4eba\u79f0\u590d\u6570\uff0c\u8bfbtyh1 muei4\uff1b\u4ed9\u6e38\u8bf4\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4eba\u79f0\u590d\u6570\u4f60\u4eec\u4e3a\u201ctyøn3\u201d\u3002\u4f0a\u8f88\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u590d\u6570\uff0c\u8bfbih1 muei4\u3002\u4e5f\u6709\u8bf4\u6210oem1 muei4\uff1b\u4ed9\u6e38\u8bf4\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u590d\u6570\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u201cyøn3\u201d\u3002\u7d22\uff0c\u7ef3\u5b50\uff0c\u4ed9\u6e38\u6216\u8005\u8386\u4ed9\u4ea4\u754c\u8bfbɬer5\uff0c\u800c\u8386\u7530\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u8bfbɬo5\u3002\u6d17\uff0cɬe3\u3002\u9762\uff0c\u8138\u4e4b\u610f\uff0c\u8bfbming4\u3002\u800c\u5728\u6b63\u4f53\u5b57\u5f53\u4e2d\u6709\u52a0\u201c\u9ea6\u201d\u5b57\u65c1\u7684\u5219\u662fming5\uff0c\u9762\u98df\u3002\u5375\uff0cnø5\uff0c\u4ed9\u6e38\u53d1\u97f3\u4e3anỹ5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5468\u8fb9\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u65b9\u4e5f\u8bfbne5\u3002\u886b\uff0cɬɒ1\uff08ɬɒ̃1\uff09\uff0c\u8863\u670d\u3002\u51b2\u72c2\uff0ctsʰeng2 korng2\uff0ctsʰyøn kɒn\uff0c\u751f\u6c14\u3002\u4e5f\u6709\u8bf4\u6210\u201c\u751f\u706b\uff08ɬa2 huei3\uff09\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u53d7\u6c14\u201d\uff08ɬiu kʰi\uff09\u3002\u5929\u5149\uff0c\u5929\u4eae\uff0c\u8bfbtʰing1 kung1\u3002\u5148\u751f\uff0c\u6559\u5e08\u3001\u7b97\u547d\u5148\u751f\u3001\u533b\u751f\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5982\u6b64\u79f0\u547c\uff0c\u8bfbɬɛn2 na1\u3002\u5b66\u5802\uff0c\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u8bfbhah2 torng2\u98df\u7cdc\uff0c\u5403\u996d\uff0c\u8bfbɬia2 ma2\u3002\u6b64\u8bcd\u548c\u5403\u665a\u996d\u540c\u97f3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5403\u665a\u996d\u5199\u6210\u201c\u98df\u669d\u201d\u3002\u98df\u996d\uff0c\u5403\u65e9\u996d\uff0c\u8bfbɬia4 muei5\u3002\u98df\u663c\uff0c\u5403\u5348\u996d\uff0c\u8bfbɬia1lau4\u3002\u53bb\u539d\uff0c\u56de\u5bb6\uff0c\u8bfbkʰoeh1 lou4\u3002\u4ed9\u6e38\u8bdd\u4e2d\u8be5\u8bcd\u53d1\u97f3\u8f83\u5927\u5dee\u5f02\uff1akʰy ou3\uff0c\u4ea6\u6216\u6709\u4eba\u4e3akʰy lou3\u3002\u8bfb\u4e66\uff0c\u8bfbtʰah2 tsy1\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5357\u65e5\u5c9b\u8bf4\u6210tʰat2 tu1\u3002\u4ed9\u6e38\u8bdd\u5219\u6709\u8bf4\u201c\u8bfb\u518c\u201d\uff0c\u8bfbtʰat4 tsʰah6\uff08\u6709\u5417\uff1f\uff1f\uff1f\uff09\u3002\u751a\u7269\uff0c\u8bfbɬ\u03b5ŋ2 muei1\uff0c\u8386\u7530\u4eba\u7591\u95ee\u201c\u4ec0\u4e48\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed9\u6e38\u8bdd\u6781\u5c11\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f62\u5f0f\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u6709\u201chuĩ1\u201d\u3001\u201chuĩ4 nɒʔ6\u201d\u3001\u201chuĩ4 nieu\u201d\uff08\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7684\u4ec0\u4e48\u201chuĩ1\u201d\u540e\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u63a5\u7eed\u8bcd\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u7684\u53cc\u5b57\u7684\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fd9\u6837\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u201chuĩ1\u201d\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e14\u5199\u4e3a\u201c\u4f6a\u201d\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u201c\u4f6a\u7269\u4e47\u201d\uff08\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1c\u897f\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u201c\u4f6a\u4e47\u7269\u4e47\u201d\uff0c\u201chuĩ1\u201d\u672c\u5b57\u4e0d\u660e\uff0c\u4f46\u201cnɒʔ6\u201d\u5199\u6210\u4e47\uff09\u8fd9\u91cc\u5217\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\uff1a\u666e\u901a\u8bdd\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u8981\u53bb\u5403\u996d\u3002\u201d\u8386\u4ed9\u8bdd\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u535c\u53bb\u98df\u7cdc\u3002(kuo3 p\u03b5h kih4 ɬia2ma2)\uff08\u8868\u793a\u53bb\u505a\u67d0\u4e8b\u7684\u201c\u53bb\u201d\u53d1\u97f3\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u53bb\u539f\u578b\u7684\u201ckhy\u201d\u53d1\u97f3\uff09\u3010\u52ff+\u4f1a\u3011\u7d27\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u7d27\uff0c\u8bfbpɛ2 ing3\u3002\u767d\u7d27/\u7f62\u7d27\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u7d27\uff0c\u8bfb\u201cpa in\u201d\u3002\u8700\uff0c\u8386\u4ed9\u8bdd\u7684\u201c\u4e00\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u79cd\u6bd4\u8f83\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8bfbɬ\u03b5h2\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u8386\u4ed9\u8bdd\u5f53\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u201c\u4e00\u201d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u8bfb\u201cih5\u201d\u3002\u5317\u4eac\uff0cpah1 king1\u3002\u8386\u7530\uff0cpʰou2lɛng2\u6216\u8005pʰou2 ɛng2\u3002\u798f\u5dde\uff0chorh1 tsiu1\u3002\u5f00\u6c34\uff0ckʰai2 lui3\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4e5f\u8bf4\u201c\u6cb8\u6c34\u201d\uff08pui1 lui3\uff09\u3001\u201c\u6eda\u6c34\u201d\uff08kung3 nui3\uff09\u8349\u7334\uff0c\u87b3\u8782\uff0c\u8bfbtsʰau2 kau2\u3002\u76ee\u73e0\uff0c\u4e5f\u5199\u6210\u76ee\u776d\uff0c\u773c\u775b\u3002\u8bfbmah2 tsiu1\u3002\u3010\u52ff+\u4f7f\u3011\uff0cnai5\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u3002\u77e5\uff0ctsai1\uff0c\u77e5\u9053\u3002\u4e5f\u6709\u8868\u8fbe\u6210\u201d\u77e5\u6653\uff08tsai2 hieu4\u6216\u8005tsai2 hiu4\uff09\u3001\u4e5f\u6709\u57ed\u5934\u5e73\u6d77\u9547\u8bfb\uff0ctsai2 lou4 \u201c\u3002\u3010\u52ff+\u77e5\u3011\uff0cnai1 \uff0c\u672a\u77e5\u3002\u4e5f\u8868\u8fbe\u6210\u201d\u6bcb\u77e5\uff08ng2 nai1\uff09\u201d\u3001\u201c\u3010\u52ff+\u77e5\u3011\u5411\uff08nai2 hieu4\u6216\u8005nai2 hiũ4\uff09\u201d\u3002\u540c\u4e0a\u6709\u8bfb\uff0cnai1 lou4\u3002\u65e5\u5934\uff0c\u592a\u9633\uff0c\u8bfbti2 tau2\u6216\u8005lih2 tʰau2\u3001li2 au2\uff08\u4ed9\u6e38\uff09\u7c73\uff0cpi3\u3002\u754c\u5916\u5730\u533a\u4e0d\u4ea7\u7c73\uff0c\u7a3b\u7c73\u7f3a\u4e4f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e09\u9910\u4e2d\u6709\u5403\u7c73\u996d\u4f1a\u7279\u522b\u8bf4\u6210\u201c\u98df\u7c73\uff08ɬia2 pi3\uff09\u201c\u3002\u963f\u516c,\u79f0\u7956\u7236\u548c\u5916\u7956\u7236\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u8bfba5 korng1\u3002\u963f\u5988\uff0c\u6216\u5199\u6210\u201d\u963f\u5b37\u201c\uff0c\u79f0\u5916\u7956\u6bcd\u6216\u7956\u6bcd\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u8bfba2 ma3\u3002\u795e\u7ecf\u75c5\uff0cɬing2 nging2 ma5\u3002\u4ed9\u6e38\uff0c\u8386\u7530\u4eba\u8bf4ɬin2 niu2\uff0c\u4ed9\u6e38\u4eba\u8bf4ɬɛn2 niu2\u6216ɬɛn2 iu2\u3002\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u53d1\u97f3\u4e2d\u7684s\u5728\u8386\u7530\u8bdd\u4e2d\u53d1\u6210 ɬ \u3002) \u5728\u8386\u4ed9\u65b9\u8a00\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u53d1\u97f3\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u97f3\u6807\u4e2d\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u97f3\u6807\u4e2d\u7684\u6e05\u9f7f\u9f88\u8fb9\u64e6\u97f3 ɬ \u3002\u6e05\u9f7f\u9f88\u8fb9\u64e6\u97f3\u662f\u8f85\u97f3\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u97f3\u6807\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u97f3\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u662f ɬ\uff0cX-SAMPA\u7b26\u53f7\u5219\u662fK\u3002\u8be5\u97f3\u4e3b\u8981\u89c1\u4e8e\u7f8e\u6d32\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u8bed\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u8bf8\u8bed\u4e2d\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u97f3\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u77e5\u540d\u3002\u5728\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u8bed\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u97f3\u4ee5\u201cLL\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u82d7\u8bed\u3001\u58ee\u8bed\u3001\u4e34\u9ad8\u8bed\u3001\u9ece\u8bed\u3001\u7ca4\u8bed\u56db\u9091\u65b9\u8a00\u548c\u95fd\u8bed\u8386\u4ed9\u8bed\u3001\u6d77\u5357\u8bdd\u4e5f\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u97f3\u3002\u53e6\u5728\u9b54\u6212\u4f5c\u8005\u6258\u5c14\u91d1\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u7cbe\u7075\u8bed\u8f9b\u8fbe\u6797\u4e0e\u6606\u96c5\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u5206\u522b\u4ee5lh\u548chl\u8868\u793a\u6b64\u97f3\u3002\u666e\u901a\u8bdd\u4e2d\u53d1s\u548csh\u7684\u97f3\u5728\u8386\u7530\u8bdd\u4e2d\u5ff5\u505a ɬ \u3002\u6e05\u9f7f\u9f88\u8fb9\u64e6\u97f3\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u7279\u5f81\uff1a\u53d1\u97f3\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u6469\u64e6\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8981\u8ba9\u6c14\u6d41\u901a\u8fc7\u4f4d\u4e8e\u53d1\u97f3\u90e8\u4f4d\u7684\u72ed\u7a84\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u6e4d\u6d41\u3002\u53d1\u97f3\u90e8\u4f4d\u662f\u9f7f\u9f88\uff0c\u5373\u4ee5\u820c\u5c16\u6216\u8005\u820c\u5c16\u540e\u7684\u6241\u5e73\u9762\uff08\u820c\u53f6\uff09\u62b5\u4f4f\u4e0a\u9f7f\u9f88\u810a\u53d1\u97f3\u3002\u53d1\u58f0\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u6e05\u97f3\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u53d1\u97f3\u65f6\u58f0\u5e26\u4e0d\u98a4\u52a8\u3002\u672c\u8f85\u97f3\u662f\u53e3\u8154\u8f85\u97f3\uff08\u53e3\u97f3\uff09\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u53d1\u97f3\u65f6\u7a7a\u6c14\u4ece\u53ea\u4ece\u53e3\u91cc\u6d41\u51fa\u3002\u672c\u8f85\u97f3\u662f\u8fb9\u8f85\u97f3\uff0c\u6c14\u6d41\u4ece\u820c\u4e24\u4fa7\u6d41\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ece\u4e2d\u90e8\u6d41\u8fc7\u3002\u6c14\u6d41\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u4ece\u80ba\u90e8\u76f4\u63a5\u6d41\u51fa\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u53e3\u8154\u6216\u5589\u95e8\u6d41\u51fa\u3002 \u60ef\u7528\u8bed\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u6bd4\u8f83\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u6bd4\u55bb\u6027\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u77ed\u8bed\uff0c\u8386\u7530\u8bdd\u4e2d\u7684\u60ef\u7528\u8bed\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e09\u5b57\u683c\u548c\u56db\u5b57\u683c\u4e24\u7c7b\uff0c\u4e09\u5b57\u683c\u7684\u591a\u542b\u8d2c\u4e49\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u4ee5\u8ff0\u5bbe\u5f0f\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u56db\u5b57\u683c\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u542b\u4e49\u7565\u4f3c\u6210\u8bed\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5206\u522b\u4f8b\u4e3e\uff1a1.\u4e09\u5b57\u683c\u7684\u5982\uff0c\u98df\u4e09\u6208\uff0c\u53c8\u4f5c\u98df\u4e09\u5148[\u8c13\u5360\u5c0f\u4fbf\u5b9c]\u3002\u98df\u5927\u62c5{\u72b9\u6311\u5927\u6881]\u843d\u5927\u94fa[\u72b9\u9ad8\u6795\u65e0\u5fe7]\u642d\u5927\u8239[\u5403\u5927\u9505\u996d]\u62d7\u624b\u9aa8[\u4e0d\u7ed9\u9762\u5b50]\u63ba\u6e05\u6c34[\u72b9\u6cfc\u51b7\u6c34]\u62cd\u5634\u82b1[\u6709\u53e3\u65e0\u5fc3]\u65e0\u5473\u9053[\u65e0\u4eba\u7406\u776c]\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e3a\u8ff0\u5bbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u975e\u8ff0\u5bbe\u5f0f\u7684\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u4e09\u6708\u65f6[\u7acb\u573a\u6216\u4e3b\u610f\u4e0d\u575a\u5b9a\u5982\u4e09\u6708\u5929\u6c14\u53d8\u5e7b\u65e0\u5e38]\u9c7c\u7092\u867e[\u55bb\u6df7\u4e71]\u76ee\u5149\u6d45[\u5c0f\u5fc3\u773c]\u80ba\u82b1\u5f00[\u5f00\u5fc3,\u5fc3\u60c5\u597d]2.\u56db\u5b57\u683c\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u4e09\u5c81\u4e24\u79cb[\u5e74\u9f84\u5e7c\u5c0f]\u539d\u8fb9\u9694\u58c1[\u5de6\u90bb\u53f3\u820d]\u5b64\u9762\u72ec\u76f8[\u6027\u683c\u5b64\u50fb]\u5927\u8154\u5c0f\u6c14[\u8a00\u8bed\u5927\u65b9\uff0c\u884c\u52a8\u5c0f\u6c14]\u5355\u4e01\u5b64\u59d3[\u5c0f\u6237\u4eba\u5bb6]\u65e5\u66dd\u96e8\u6c83[\u98ce\u5439\u96e8\u6253]\u8d77\u65e9\u51a5\u6697[\u65e9\u665a\u65f6\u4faf]\u5f20\u5f62\u505a\u72b6[\u865a\u5f20\u58f0\u52bf]\u62c9\u7ea2\u6cc4\u767d[\u80e1\u8bf4\u516b\u9053]\u56f0\u4e45\u68a6\u957f[\u591c\u957f\u68a6\u591a]\u5634\u6b6a\u76ee\u8e51[\u72e1\u733e\u795e\u6001]\u6491\u6208\u821e\u624b[\u624b\u821e\u8db3\u8e48]\u725b\u7b4b\u9a6c\u529b[\u529b\u6c14\u5f88\u5927] \u25cf\u6709\u4eba\u6551\u5218\u5bff\uff0c\u6ca1\u4eba\u6551\u4e09\u5a18\u8bed\u51fa\u8386\u4ed9\u620f\u300a\u534e\u5cb3\u4e09\u5a18\u300b\uff0c\u6b64\u8bed\u6bd4\u55bb\u522b\u4eba\u5bb6\u6709\u4eba\u53bb\u6551\uff08\u6216\u5e2e\u52a9\uff09\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u6765\u6551\uff08\u6216\u5e2e\u52a9\uff09\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u25cf\u9648\u4e09\u78e8\u955c\u8bed\u51fa\u8386\u4ed9\u620f\u300a\u9648\u4e09\u4e94\u5a18\u300b\u3002\u9648\u4e09\u56e0\u7231\u6155\u4e94\u5a18\u7f8e\u8272\uff0c\u4fbf\u5047\u626e\u78e8\u955c\u5320\u5230\u4e94\u5a18\u5e9c\u4e2d\u78e8\u955c\uff0c\u4ed6\u6545\u610f\u628a\u955c\u6253\u7834\u800c\u8d54\u4e0d\u8d77\uff0c\u5356\u8eab\u4e3a\u5974\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u5929\u5929\u89c1\u5230\u4e94\u5a18\u3002\u6b64\u8bed\u7c7b\u4f3c\u201c\u9879\u5e84\u821e\u5251\uff0c\u610f\u5728\u6c9b\u516c\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u53e6\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u25cf\u76ca\u6625\u7559\u4f1e\u8bed\u51fa\u8386\u4ed9\u620f\u300a\u9648\u4e09\u4e94\u5a18\u300b\u4e2d\u4e00\u6bb5\u60c5\u8282\u3002\u76ca\u6625\u4e3a\u4e94\u5a18\u7684\u4e2b\u73af\uff0c\u6b64\u8bed\u610f\u4e3a\u501f\u7269\u7559\u4eba\u3002\u25cf\u4f2f\u5588\u4e00\u5fc3\u6302\u53cc\u5934\u8bed\u51fa\u8386\u4ed9\u620f\u300a\u8521\u4f2f\u5588\u300b\u3002\u4f2f\u5588\u65e2\u601d\u5ff5\u65e7\u4eba\u53c8\u7231\u604b\u65b0\u4eba\uff0c\u6b64\u8bed\u6bd4\u55bb\u67d0\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e24\u65b9\u90fd\u6000\u6709\u611f\u60c5\uff0c\u4f9d\u4f9d\u4e0d\u820d\uff0c\u6302\u5ff5\u5fc3\u5934\u3002\u6b64\u8bed\u4e5f\u610f\u540c\u201c\u4e00\u811a\u8e29\u4e24\u8239\u201d\u3002\u25cf\u5f90\u6c38\u5e74\u4eb2\u773c\u89c1\u8fc7\u8bed\u51fa\u8386\u4ed9\u620f\u4f20\u7edf\u5267\u76ee\u300a\u9ad8\u7ee7\u7956\u300b\u3002\u5f90\u6c38\u5e74\u662f\u9ad8\u7ee7\u7956\u7684\u8001\u4ec6\u4eba\uff0c\u7ee7\u7956\u4e00\u5bb6\u88ab\u5bb3\uff0c\u4ed6\u90fd\u4eb2\u773c\u770b\u89c1\u8fc7\u3002\u6b64\u8a00\u6bd4\u55bb\u67d0\u4eba\u5bf9\u67d0\u4ef6\u4e8b\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u90fd\u770b\u5f97\u4e00\u6e05\u4e8c\u695a\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bc1\u4eba\u3002\u25cf\u5305\u9f99\u56fe\u6349\u98ce\u5305\u9f99\u56fe\u5373\u5305\u516c\u3001\u5305\u62ef\uff0c\u5317\u5b8b\u5927\u81e3\uff0c\u4efb\u76d1\u5bdf\u5fa1\u53f2\uff0c\u77e5\u5f00\u5c01\u5e9c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3a\u5b98\u5ec9\u6d01\uff0c\u6267\u6cd5\u4e25\u5cfb\uff0c\u4e0d\u754f\u6743\u8d35\u3002\u4f20\u8bf4\u4e00\u6b21\u5f80\u9648\u5dde\u653e\u7cae\u65f6\uff0c\u98ce\u5439\u6389\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u5e3d\uff0c\u4fbf\u6d3e\u5dee\u5f79\u53bb\u6349\u98ce\uff0c\u7adf\u7834\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5947\u6848\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u98ce\u662f\u6349\u4e0d\u4f4f\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6b64\u8a00\u662f\u6bd4\u55bb\u53eb\u4eba\u53bb\u529e\u7684\u4e8b\uff08\u6216\u627e\u7684\u4eba\uff09\u662f\u6839\u672c\u529e\u4e0d\u5230\uff08\u6216\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\uff09\u7684\u3002\u25cf\u5c01\u795e\u699c\uff0c\u65e0\u4eba\u89c1\u5c01\u795e\u699c\u5373\u53e4\u4ee3\u5c0f\u8bf4\u300a\u5c01\u795e\u6f14\u4e49\u300b\uff0c\u6240\u63cf\u5199\u4eba\u7269\u80fd\u547c\u98ce\u5524\u96e8\uff0c\u4e0a\u5929\u9041\u5730\uff0c\u7384\u800c\u53c8\u7384\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u795e\u5947\u4eba\u7269\u8c01\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u89c1\u8fc7\u3002\u6b64\u8a00\u8bbd\u55bb\u67d0\u4eba\u6240\u8a00\u4e43\u65e0\u7a3d\u4e4b\u8c08\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u76f8\u4fe1\u3002\u25cf\u6d77\u745e\u8859\u95e8\u6d77\u745e\u662f\u660e\u671d\u6e05\u5b98\uff0c\u66fe\u88ab\u6355\u5165\u72f1\u548c\u9769\u804c\u95f2\u5c45\u3002\u4e07\u5386\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\uff081585\u5e74\uff09\u518d\u8d77\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u4efb\u5357\u4eac\u540f\u90e8\u53f3\u4f8d\u90ce\u548c\u5357\u4eac\u53f3\u4f65\u90fd\u5fa1\u53f2\uff0c\u60e9\u6cbb\u8d2a\u6c61\uff0c\u63d0\u5021\u52e4\u4fed\uff0c\u4e00\u751f\u4e3a\u5b98\u6e05\u5ec9\uff0c\u5e73\u53cd\u8bb8\u591a\u51a4\u72f1\u3002\u4ed6\u75c5\u6b7b\u65f6\u5bb6\u65e0\u957f\u7269\uff0c\u7531\u540c\u50da\u51fa\u8d44\u529e\u4e27\u3002\u6b64\u8a00\u6bd4\u55bb\u67d0\u4eba\u6b63\u6d3e\uff0c\u5bb6\u5f92\u56db\u58c1\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6e05\u6c34\u8859\u95e8\u201d\u3002\u25cf\u5468\u575a\u66ff\u6b7b\uff0c\u590f\u83b2\u8865\u7f3a\u5468\u575a\u4e0e\u590f\u83b2\u662f\u8386\u4ed9\u620f\u4f20\u7edf\u5267\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u6b64\u8a00\u6bd4\u55bb\u67d0\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e86\u66ff\u7f6a\u7f8a\uff0c\u67d0\u4eba\u8d70\u4e86\u597d\u8fd0\u3002\u25cf\u7a0b\u54ac\u91d1\u4e09\u4e0b\u65a7\u3002\u7a0b\u54ac\u91d1\uff0c\u968b\u672b\u4ece\u674e\u5bc6\uff0c\u4efb\u5185\u519b\u9aa0\u9a91\uff0c\u5bc6\u8d25\uff0c\u5c5e\u738b\u4e16\u5145\uff0c\u540e\u6295\u5510\uff0c\u4efb\u79e6\u738b\u5e9c\u5de6\u4e09\u7edf\u519b\uff0c\u56e0\u529f\u5347\u6cf8\u5dde\u90fd\u7763\u3001\u5de6\u9886\u519b\u5927\u5c06\u519b\uff0c\u5c01\u5bbf\u56fd\u516c\uff0c\u7384\u6b66\u95e8\u4e4b\u53d8\u540e\uff0c\u6539\u5c01\u5362\u56fd\u516c\u3002\u53e4\u5178\u5c0f\u8bf4\u300a\u968b\u5510\u6f14\u4e49\u300b\u5199\u7a0b\u54ac\u91d1\u6240\u7528\u5175\u5668\u4e3a\u516b\u5366\u5ba3\u82b1\u65a7\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u529b\u6c14\u8fc7\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u62db\u6570\u53ea\u6709\u4e09\u677f\u3002\u6b64\u8a00\u8bbd\u55bb\u67d0\u4eba\u672c\u9886\u53ea\u6709\u4e8c\u4e09\u4e0b\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u6301\u4e45\u6218\u3002
莆田话在整个语言体系中占有重要地位。开始出现于南北朝时，在隋唐形成，来源以隋唐中原正统语言为主体。兴化方言俗称“莆仙话”兰骄语。兴化方言的特色是：八 音（包括白阳入）分明，保存着较多的唐以前中原古汉语。国际音标中边擦清音（舌尖前音）就是兴化方言的独特标志，有人认为这是古百越族的底层语言遗存。莆田话尽管受福州话影响但在文白对应、语音结构、基本词汇、语法等还是保持和泉州话大体相同的。兴化方言的特色是：八 音（包括白阳入）分明，保存着较多的唐以前中原古汉语。国际音标中边擦清音（舌尖前 音）就是兴化方言的独特标志
兴化方言
绛旓細鑾嗙敯鏂硅█鏈夛細1銆佷笁宀佷袱绉锛屾璇敤鏉ヨ鍒烘煇浜哄浜屼笁宀佺殑骞肩涓鏍凤紝涓嶆噦浜嬶紝涓嶇煡缇烇紱2銆佸帩杈归殧澹侊紝鑾嗙敯浜虹О鎴垮瓙涓哄帩锛屾璇嵆宸﹂偦鍙宠垗锛3銆佸褰㈢嫭鐩革紝鎸囨煇浜哄枩娆㈠崟鐙鍔紝鎬ф牸瀛ゅ兓锛屼笌浼椾笉鍚岋紱4銆佸崟涓佸濮擄紝鎸囨棫鏃舵煇鎴蜂汉瀹跺湪鏉戦噷鏄敮涓濮撴皬锛屽閲屽張鍙湁涓涓敺瀛愶紝甯稿彈鍒颁粬濮撳ぇ鎴蜂汉瀹剁殑娆轰井锛屾璇...
绛旓細鑾嗙敯璇濆張绉颁负鑾嗕粰璇濄佸叴鍖栬锛屾槸鍒嗗竷浜庝腑鍥界寤哄崡閮ㄦ部娴风殑鏂硅█锛屽睘姹夎鏂硅█绯婚椊娴锋柟瑷缇ゃ傝巻鐢拌瘽鍒嗗竷浜庤巻鐢板競銆佷粰娓稿幙 浠ュ強娉夋腐銆佺娓呫佹案娉扮殑閮ㄥ垎鍦板尯锛屽睘浜庢眽钘忚绯婚椊璇傚湪鑾嗙敯鍜屽懆杈瑰湴鍖猴紝鑾嗙敯璇濈殑浣跨敤浜哄彛绾500涓囷紝鍥犲巻鍙蹭笂璇ュ湴鍖哄睘浜庡叴鍖栧啗銆佸叴鍖栧簻锛屾晠鑾嗕粰璇濆張绉颁负鍏村寲璇濄傝巻鐢拌瘽姣忎釜璇婚煶閮借兘瀵...
绛旓細鏄叴鍖栨柟瑷锛屽叴鍖栨柟瑷灞炴眽璇柟瑷绯婚椊娴锋柟瑷缇ゃ鑾嗙敯璇鍦ㄦ暣涓瑷浣撶郴涓崰鏈夐噸瑕佸湴浣嶃傚紑濮嬪嚭鐜颁簬鍗楀寳鏈濇椂锛屽湪闅嬪攼褰㈡垚锛屾潵婧愪互闅嬪攼涓師姝ｇ粺璇█涓轰富浣撱傚叴鍖栨柟瑷淇楃О鈥滆巻浠欒瘽鈥濆叞楠勮銆傚叴鍖栨柟瑷鐨勭壒鑹叉槸锛氬叓 闊筹紙鍖呮嫭鐧介槼鍏ワ級鍒嗘槑锛屼繚瀛樼潃杈冨鐨勫攼浠ュ墠涓師鍙ゆ眽璇傚浗闄呴煶鏍囦腑杈规摝娓呴煶锛堣垖灏栧墠闊筹級灏辨槸鍏村寲...
绛旓細鎴垮瓙 cou 锛堝搴旀眽瀛楋細鍘濓級绛峰瓙 dv 锛堝搴旀眽瀛楋細绠革級涔 ca 锛堝搴旀眽瀛楋細鍐岋級閿 dia 锛堝搴旀眽瀛楋細榧庯級搴 pou 锛堝搴旀眽瀛楋細閾猴級楂樺叴 hua yi 锛堝搴旀眽瀛楋細娆㈠枩锛夌潯瑙 kun 锛堝搴旀眽瀛楋細鍥帮級鐗欓娇 ki (瀵瑰簲姹夊瓧锛氬帩绉)鍝 hao 锛堝搴旀眽瀛楋細鍤庯級绗 qiao 锛堝搴旀眽瀛楋細鍢伙級浣 dv (瀵瑰簲姹夊瓧锛氭睗)鎴 ...
绛旓細楦崪绠￠箙銆傛瘮鍠诲皬鐨勮鎸囨尌澶х殑锛屼笉鑷噺鍔涖傜墰鍥(浜讳笉)鍒檸銆傛瘮鍠诲勾杞讳汉涓嶇煡鍗遍櫓锛屾棤鎵鐣忔儳銆傜墰鍥濆嬁鏇炬榧汇傛瘮鍠诲勾杞绘湭缁忔尗鎶橈紝涓嶆檽寰楀帀瀹炽傚崐鐩潄锛屽崐鐩瀸銆備笌鈥滅潄涓鍙溂闂竴鍙溂鈥濆悓涔夈傛瘮鍠荤湅鍒颁簡浣嗕笉鎯宠鐪熷幓璁¤緝銆佸共娑夈傞緹绗戝洟楸兼棤姣涖傛瘮鍠绘鐚滅己灏戣嚜鐭ヤ箣鏄庯紝浜斿崄姝ョ瑧鐧炬銆傛柊绮睜锛屽ソ鎷夊睅...
绛旓細鑾嗙敯璇濆嵆鍏村寲鏂硅█,鍏村寲鏂硅█灞炴眽璇柟瑷绯婚椊娴锋柟瑷缇,涓虹寤虹渷鍗佷釜姹夎鏂硅█涔嬩竴,鍦ㄦ暣涓瑷浣撶郴涓崰鏈変竴瀹氬湴浣嶃傚叴鍖栨柟瑷淇楃О鈥滆巻浠欒瘽鈥濄傚叴鍖栨柟瑷鐨勭壒鑹叉槸:鍏煶(鍖呮嫭鐧介槼鍏)鍒嗘槑,淇濆瓨鐫杈冨鐨勫攼浠ュ墠涓師鍙ゆ眽璇傚浗闄呴煶鏍囦腑杈规摝娓呴煶(鑸屽皷鍓嶉煶)灏辨槸鍏村寲鏂硅█鐨勭嫭鐗规爣蹇,鏈変汉璁や负杩欐槸鍙ょ櫨瓒婃棌鐨勫簳灞傝瑷閬楀瓨銆 鑾嗙敯璇濆湪...
绛旓細鑾嗙敯璇濆張绉拌巻浠欒瘽銆佸叴鍖栬锛屽綋鍦颁汉鍙堢О涓烘湰鍦拌瘽锛屾槸鍒嗗竷浜庝腑鍥界寤哄崡閮ㄦ部娴风殑鏂硅█銆傚垎甯冧簬鑾嗙敯甯傘佷粰娓稿幙浠ュ強娉夋腐銆佺娓呫佹案娉扮殑閮ㄥ垎鍦板尯锛屽睘浜庢眽钘忚绯婚椊璇傚洜鍘嗗彶涓婅鍦板尯灞炰簬鍏村寲鍐涖佸叴鍖栧簻锛屾晠鑾嗕粰璇濆張绉颁负鍏村寲璇銆備互鑾嗕粰璇濅负杞戒綋鐨勯潪鐗╄川鏂囧寲閬椾骇鏈夎巻浠欐垙绛夈鍏村寲鏂硅█灞炴眽璇柟瑷绯婚椊娴锋柟瑷缇ゃ備互...
绛旓細鑾嗙敯璇 鑾嗙敯璇濆嵆鍏村寲鏂硅█锛屽叴鍖栨柟瑷灞炴眽璇柟瑷绯婚椊娴锋柟瑷缇わ紝涓虹寤虹渷鍗佷釜姹夎鏂硅█涔 涓锛屽湪鏁翠釜璇█浣撶郴涓崰鏈変竴瀹氬湴浣嶃傚叴鍖栨柟瑷淇楃О鈥滆巻浠欒瘽鈥濄傚叴鍖栨柟瑷鐨勭壒鑹叉槸锛氬叓 闊筹紙鍖呮嫭鐧介槼鍏ワ級鍒嗘槑锛屼繚瀛樼潃杈冨鐨勫攼浠ュ墠涓師鍙ゆ眽璇傚浗闄呴煶鏍囦腑杈规摝娓呴煶锛堣垖灏栧墠 闊筹級灏辨槸鍏村寲鏂硅█鐨勭嫭鐗规爣蹇楋紝鏈変汉璁や负杩欐槸鍙...
绛旓細鏄殑锛岃巻鐢拌瘽鍏跺疄鏈変竴灏忔鏉ョ敱锛屽睘浜庢眽钘忚绯婚椊璇紝鍦ㄨ巻鐢板拰鏃佽竟鐨勪娇鐢ㄤ汉鍙ｇ害500涓囷紝鍥犲巻鍙蹭笂璇ュ湴鍖哄睘浜庡叴鍖栧啗銆佸叴鍖栧簻锛屾晠鑾嗕粰璇濆張绉颁负鍏村寲璇銆備互鑾嗕粰璇濅负杞戒綋鐨勯潪鐗╄川鏂囧寲閬椾骇鏈夎巻浠欐垙绛夈鍏村寲鏂硅█灞炴眽璇柟瑷绯婚椊娴锋柟瑷缇ゃ傛疆姹曞湴鍖烘湁涓嶅皯浜烘槸鐢辫巻鐢拌繖涓湴鍖虹Щ姘戣繃鍘荤殑銆傝巻鐢拌瘽鏄彜浠ｆ繁鍙楃宸炶瘽褰卞搷鑰...
绛旓細鑾嗙敯璇 鑾嗙敯璇濓紝鏄眽钘忚绯绘眽璇棌闂借鏀巻浠欒锛堣巻浠欒瘽锛夌殑涓绉嶆柟瑷銆傝巻浠欒锛屽張绉板叴鍖栬銆佸叴鍖栬瘽锛屽綋鍦颁汉鍙堢О涔嬩负鏈湴璇濓紝鑾嗙敯璁茬殑鏈湴璇濈О涓鸿巻鐢拌瘽锛屼粰娓稿幙璁茬殑鏈湴璇濅篃绉颁负浠欐父璇濓紝鏄垎甯冧簬绂忓缓娌挎捣涓笢閮ㄧ殑鍦版柟璇█銆傝巻浠欒瘽鍒嗗竷浜庤巻鐢板競杈栧尯锛堣崝鍩庡尯銆佹兜姹熷尯銆佸煄鍘㈠尯銆佺灞垮尯銆佷箤涓樺笨锛夈...
