炔基，烯基，烷基碳负离子怎么判断sp几杂化
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\u5bcc\u53f3\u65cb\u53cd\u5f0f\u70ef\u4e19\u83ca\u916f
\u901a\u7528\u540d\u79f0 \uff1a \u751f\u7269\u4e19\u70ef\u83ca\u916f
\u5176\u5b83\u540d\u79f0 \uff1a \u53f3\u65cb\u53cd\u5f0f\u4e19\u70ef\u83ca\u916f\uff0c\u53f3\u65cb\u4e19\u70ef\u83ca\u916f
\u5316\u5b66\u540d\u79f0 \uff1a \u53f3\u65cb-\u53cd\u5f0f-2\uff0c2-\u4e8c\u7532\u57fa-3-(2-\u7532\u57fa-1-\u4e19\u70ef\u57fa)\u73af\u4e19\u70f7\u7fa7\u9178-(R\uff0cS)-2-\u7532\u57fa-3-\u70ef\u4e19\u57fa-4-\u6c27\u4ee3-\u73af\u620a -2-\u70ef\u57fa\u916f
\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f : C19H26O3
\u5206\u5b50\u91cf \uff1a 302.42
\u7406\u5316\u6027\u8d28 :
\u5916\u89c2: \u6e05\u4eae\u6de1\u9ec4\u81f3\u7425\u73c0\u8272\u7c98\u7a20\u6db2\u4f53
\u542b\u91cf: 94%
\u5bc6\u5ea6: 1.01
\u84b8\u6c7d\u538b: 0.0056Pa/20\u2103; 46.7Pa/136\u2103
\u6cb8\u70b9/\u95ea\u70b9: 281.5\u2103/130\u2103
\u6eb6\u89e3\u6027: \u6eb6\u4e8e\u5df1\u70f7\u3001\u82ef\u3001\u6c2f\u7532\u70f7\u3001\u4e59\u9187\u3001\u4e19\u916e\u3001\u7cbe\u5236\u7164\u6cb9\u7b49\u6709\u673a\u6eb6\u5242\uff1b\u4e0d\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c34
\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027:\u6b63\u5e38\u3001\u4e2d\u6027\u3001\u5f31\u9178\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u5f3a\u9178\u548c\u78b1\u6027\u4ecb\u8d28\u4e2d\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a
\u6025\u6027\u6bd2\u6027: \uff08\u5927\u9f20\uff09 \u53e3 \u670d LD50 440-730mg/kg
\u7ecf \u76ae LD50 5000mg/kg
\u5438 \u5165 LC50 > 2000mg/ m3
\u6162\u6027\u6bd2\u6027: \u5bf9\u72d7\u65e0\u4f5c\u7528\u5242\u91cf4000ppm
\u523a \u6fc0 \u6027: \u65e0
\u6bd2\u6027\u7b49\u7ea7: WHO (a.i.) \u2161
\u5e94\u7528 \uff1a
\u5bcc\u53f3\u65cb\u70ef\u4e19\u83ca\u916f\u4ea7\u54c1\u6027\u72b6\u4e0e \u53f3\u65cb\u70ef\u4e19\u83ca\u916f\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u836f\u6548\u7ecf\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e3a\u53f3\u65cb\u4e19\u70ef\u83ca\u916f\u76841.1\u500d\u3002
\u5bcc\u53f3\u65cb\u70ef\u4e19\u83ca\u916f\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u89e6\u6740\u548c\u51fb\u5012\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u9632\u6cbb\u5bb6\u8747\u3001\u868a\u866b\u3001\u8671\u3001\u87d1\u8782\u7b49\u5bb6\u5ead\u5bb3\u866b\uff0c\u8fd8\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9632\u6cbb\u732b\u3001\u72d7\u7b49\u5ba0\u7269\u4f53\u5916\u5bc4\u751f\u7684\u8df3\u86a4\u3001\u4f53\u8671\u7b49\u5bb3\u866b\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u836f\u5242\u6df7\u914d\u4f5c\u519c\u573a\u3001\u755c\u820d\u3001\u725b\u5976\u623f\u55b7\u5c04\u5242\u9632\u6cbb\u98de\u7fd4\u3001\u722c\u884c\u5bb3\u866b\u3002
\u5bcc\u53f3\u65cb\u70ef\u4e19\u83ca\u916f\u5177\u5408\u9002\u7684\u84b8\u6c7d\u538b\uff0c\u6545\u9002\u4e8e\u52a0\u5de5\u868a\u9999\u3001\u7535\u70ed\u868a\u9999\u548c\u55b7\u96fe\u5242\u3002
\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\uff08\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u6210\u4efd\u8ba1\uff09
\u4ee5\u91cd\u91cf\u8ba1:
\u868a\u9999:
\u9ad8\u6863\u868a\u9999: 0.3%
\u6807\u51c6\u868a\u9999: 0.2%
\u666e\u901a\u868a\u9999: 0.1%
\u7535\u70ed\u868a\u9999: \u542b\u672c\u54c140mg/\u7247\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u7535\u52a0\u70ed\u5668\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6e29\u5ea6150-165\u2103\u3002
\u6c14\u96fe\u5242: \u672c\u54c10.1- 0.2%\uff0c\u914d\u52a0\u9002\u91cf\u81f4\u6b7b\u5242\uff0c\u589e\u6548\u5242\uff0c\u4e73\u5316\u5242\u3002
\u70b9\u71c3\u7684\u868a\u9999\u6697\u542b4\u7c7b\u6709\u5bb3\u7269\u8d28
\u636e\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u868a\u9999\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6210\u5206(0.2%\u20140.4%)\u662f\u9664\u866b\u83ca\u8102\u6740\u866b\u5242\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4ece\u4e00\u79cd\u4e19\u83ca\u916f\u7684\u6740\u866b\u5242\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\uff0c99%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u8d28\u662f\u6709\u673a\u586b\u6599\u3001\u9ecf\u5408\u5242\u3001\u67d3\u6599\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6dfb\u52a0\u5242\uff0c\u4f7f\u868a\u9999\u53ef\u4ee5\u65e0\u7130\u95f7\u70e7\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u868a\u9999\u71c3\u70e7\u7684\u70df\u91cc\u542b\u67094\u7c7b\u5bf9\u4eba\u4f53\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u5373\u8d85\u7ec6\u5fae\u7c92(\u76f4\u5f84\u5c0f\u4e8e2.5\u5fae\u7c73\u7684\u9897\u7c92\u7269\u8d28)\u3001\u591a\u73af\u82b3\u9999\u70c3(PAHs)\u3001\u7fb0\u57fa\u5316\u5408\u7269(\u5982\u7532\u919b\u548c\u4e59\u919b)\u548c\u82ef\u3002
\u4e25\u91cd\u8005\u53ef\u5f15\u53d1\u764c\u75c7
\u70b9\u4e00\u76d8\u868a\u9999\u91ca\u653e\u51fa\u7684\u8d85\u7ec6\u5fae\u7c92\u548c\u70e775\u2014137\u652f\u9999\u70df\u7684\u91cf\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5176\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u8d85\u7ec6\u5fae\u7c92\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u5165\u5e76\u7559\u5728\u80ba\u91cc\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u77ed\u671f\u5185\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u54ee\u5598\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u764c\u75c7\u3002
\u6709\u5173\u4e13\u5bb6\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u868a\u9999\u91ca\u653e\u51fa\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\uff0c\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u4e2d\u6bd2\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u52a0\u5267\u54ee\u5598(\u9020\u6210\u547c\u5438\u6025\u4fc3\u548c\u80f8\u8154\u75be\u75c5)\u5230\u6025\u6027\u4e2d\u6bd2\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u51fa\u73b0\u547c\u5438\u56f0\u96be\u3001\u5934\u75db\u3001\u773c\u775b\u75db\u3001\u611f\u5230\u7a92\u606f\u3001\u53d1\u75d2\u3001\u652f\u6c14\u7ba1\u708e\u3001\u4f24\u98ce\u54b3\u55fd\u3001\u53cd\u80c3\u3001\u5589\u75db\u548c\u8033\u75db\u7b49\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u66f4\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5fae\u7c92\u5b50\u548c\u6c14\u4f53\u4f1a\u88ab\u5438\u5165\u5230\u80ba\u7684\u5e95\u90e8\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u764c\u75c7\u3002
\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6700\u597d\uff1a(\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u592a\u597d\u64cd\u4f5c\u6216\u5bf9\u6bd4\u6548\u679c\u4e0d\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u53c2\u7167\u3002)
\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u4e59\u7094\u6216\u7aef\u4f4d\u7094\u70c3\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u7094\u6c22\u53ef\u88abAg+\u6216Cu+\u53d6\u4ee3,\u751f\u6210\u7094\u94f6\u6216\u7094\u4e9a\u94dc.
\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u5c06\u4e59\u7094\u6216\u7aef\u4f4d\u7094\u70c3\u52a0\u5165\u94f6\u6c28\u6eb6\u6db2\u6216\u6c2f\u5316\u4e9a\u94dc\u7684\u6c28\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d,\u751f\u6210\u7094\u94f6\uff08\u767d\u8272\uff09\u6216\u7094\u4e9a\u94dc\u6c89\u6dc0(\u68d5\u7ea2\u8272)\uff0e\u6c89\u6dc0\u6613\u88ab\u5f3a\u9178\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u539f\u6765\u7684\u7094\u70c3\uff0e\u5982C2H2+2Ag(NH3)2+\u2192Ag2C2\u2193+2NH3+2NH4+
(\u5927\u5b66\u5185\u5bb9)
看成键情况：
（1）全部单键，sp3杂化
（2）有一条双键，sp2杂化
（3）有一条叁键，sp杂化
绛旓細锛1锛夊叏閮ㄥ崟閿紝sp3鏉傚寲 锛2锛夋湁涓鏉″弻閿紝sp2鏉傚寲 锛3锛夋湁涓鏉″弫閿紝sp鏉傚寲
绛旓細纰宠礋绂诲瓙鏄甫璐熺數鑽风殑鍏锋湁鍋舵暟浠风數瀛愮殑鐗╃锛 鍏惰礋鐢佃嵎锛堟湭鍏辩敤鐢靛瓙瀵癸級瀹氬煙鍦ㄤ竴涓⒊鍘熷瓙涓娿傜敳鍩鸿礋绂诲瓙CH3- 鍙湅浣滄槸涓鍒囩⒊璐熺瀛愮殑姣嶄綋锛屽悇纰宠礋绂诲瓙鍙互鐑峰熀璐熺瀛愭潵鍛藉悕銆傜敱鍚哥數瀛愬熀鍏辫江绋冲畾鍖栵紙-R 鏁堝簲锛夌殑纰宠礋绂诲瓙锛鐢变簬瀹為檯鐨勫叡鎸粨鏋勪腑璐熺數鑽蜂富瑕佸垎甯冨湪姘у師瀛愪笂锛岃繖绫荤瀛愬彨鍋氱⒊璐熺瀛愮殑鎬ц川銆
绛旓細褰撶⒊璐熺瀛愬甫鏈夊惛鐢靛瓙鍩哄洟锛屽-OH鎴-NH2锛屽叾绋冲畾鎬т細鍥犲叡杞ǔ瀹氬寲锛-R鏁堝簲锛夎屽寮恒傝繖绫昏礋鐢佃嵎涓昏鍒嗗竷鍦ㄦ哀鎴栨爱鍘熷瓙涓婏紝渚嬪涔鐐斿熀璐熺瀛愬拰涔鐑熀璐熺瀛愩傚畠浠殑绋冲畾鎬т紭浜鐑峰熀璐熺瀛愶紝灏ゅ叾鏄疕C鈮-锛岀敱浜庢潅鍖栬建閬撲腑s鎴愬垎杈冮珮锛屼娇寰楀畠浠洿涓虹ǔ瀹氥傚浜庣數鑽烽潪瀹氬煙鐨纰宠礋绂诲瓙锛濡傜儻閱囩洂锛屽畠浠殑璐...
绛旓細1銆佺湅鍒嗗瓙缁撴瀯鎼哄甫鐨勫熀鍥銆傚叿鏈夎兘绋冲畾璐熺數鑽风殑鍩哄洟鐨勭⒊璐熺瀛愬叿鏈夎緝楂樼殑绋冲畾鎬с傝繖浜涘熀鍥㈠彲浠ユ槸鑻熀銆佺數璐熸ц緝寮虹殑鏉傚師瀛愶紝姣斿O,N锛屽熀鍥㈠- 銆-C(=O)-銆 銆 銆-CN鍜 绛夛紱鎴栨湯绔倲鐑冿紙涔熷彲鐪嬩綔鐢佃礋鎬х殑缂樻晠锛夛紝渚嬪锛屼笁鑻敳鐑枫佷笁姘板熀鐢茬兎銆佺鍩虹敳鐑峰拰1,3-浜岀景鍩哄寲鍚堢墿鍏锋湁杈冨己鐨勯吀鎬с
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