什么是归化和异化？
\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5f52\u5316\u548c\u5f02\u5316\uff1f\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u5f52\u5316/\u5f02\u5316 (domesticating translation and foreignizing translation)\u662f\u57281995\u5e74\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u8005L.Venuti\uff08\u6587\u52aa\u8fea\uff09\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u672f\u8bed\u53c8\u76f4\u63a5\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u5fb7\u56fd\u5b66\u8005Schleiermacher\uff08\u65bd\u83b1\u5c14\u9a6c\u8d6b\uff091813\u5e74\u5ba3\u8bfb\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u3002Schleiermacher\u7740\u91cd\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e0e\u7406\u89e3\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u8ba9\u8bfb\u8005\u9760\u8fd1\u4f5c\u8005\uff08\u5f02\u5316\uff09\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u8ba9\u4f5c\u8005\u9760\u8fd1\u8bfb\u8005\uff08\u5f52\u5316\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8ba9\u8bfb\u8005\u9760\u8fd1\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u8bed\u5883\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u80fd\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u5f02\u56fd\u7684\u60c5\u8c03\u3002\u5f52\u5316\u548c\u5f02\u5316\u662f\u5c06\u8bed\u8a00\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u5ef6\u7eed\u5347\u683c\u81f3\u6587\u5316\u3001\u8bd7\u5b66\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5c42\u9762\u3002\u4ece19\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u7ffb\u8bd1\u9664\u201c\u4e94\u56db\u201d\u540e\u5341\u4f59\u5e74\u5f02\u5316\u8bd1\u6cd5\u4e00\u5ea6\u5360\u4e0a\u98ce\u5916\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u95f4\u8fd8\u662f\u4ee5\u5f52\u5316\u8bd1\u6cd5\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8c03\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa\u6700\u540e20\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ffb\u8bd1\u754c\u53d7\u897f\u65b9\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u542f\u53d1\uff0c\u5bf9\u5f02\u5316\u3001\u5f52\u5316\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u5f02\u5316\u8bd1\u6cd5\u5f00\u59cb\u53d7\u5230\u91cd\u89c6\u3002
\u5f52\u5316\u7b56\u7565 (domesticating method)
\u5f52\u5316\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u6c11\u65cf\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u662f\u5916\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7b26\u5408\u8bd1\u8bed\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff0c\u628a\u539f\u4f5c\u8005\u5e26\u5165\u8bd1\u8bed\u6587\u5316\u3002
\u8bd1\u8005\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5fc3\u4e2d\u65e2\u8981\u60f3\u7740\u539f\u4f5c\u53ca\u539f\u4f5c\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u628a\u539f\u6587\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u98ce\u683c\u51c6\u786e\u800c\u751f\u52a8\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u6765\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bd1\u8005\u8fd8\u8981\u60f3\u7740\u8bd1\u6587\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u8981\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u63a5\u8fd1\u8bfb\u8005\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u8bfb\u8005\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u63a5\u53d7\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
1.Love me, love my dog. \u3000\u3000 \u7231\u5c4b\u53ca\u4e4c\u3002
2.a lion in the way \u3000\u3000 \u62e6\u8def\u864e
3.lick one\u2019s boots \u3000\u3000\u3000\u62cd\u9a6c\u5c41
4.Diamond cuts diamond \u3000 \u68cb\u9022\u5bf9\u624b
5.A flash in a pan \u3000\u3000 \u3000\u6619\u82b1\u4e00\u73b0
6.Have one foot in the grave \u3000\u3000 \u98ce\u70db\u6b8b\u5e74
7.To grow like mushrooms \u3000\u3000\u3000\u96e8\u540e\u6625\u7b0b
8.One boy is a boy\uff0ctwo boys half a boy\uff0cthree boys nobody\uff0e\u3000\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c\u5c1a\u6311\u6c34\u5403\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u548c\u5c1a\u62ac\u6c34\u5403\uff0c\u4e09\u4e2a\u548c\u5c1a\u6ca1\u6c34\u5403\u3002
\u5f02\u5316\u662f\u6307\u5bf9\u6587\u5316\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u504f\u79bb\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u5916\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u628a\u8bfb\u8005\u5e26\u5165\u5916\u56fd\u60c5\u5883\u3002\u5f02\u5316\u8bd1\u6cd5\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5c3d\u91cf\u4f20\u8bd1\u539f\u6587\u7684\u201c\u5f02\u8d28\u56e0\u7d20\u201d\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u8bf4\u6765\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u5c3d\u91cf\u4f20\u8fbe\u539f\u4f5c\u7684\u5f02\u57df\u6587\u5316\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u5f02\u8bed\u8bed\u8a00\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u5199\u4f5c\u624b\u6cd5\u3002
\u2460 \u5f02\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8bed\u97f3\u5c42\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
\u3000\u3000ballet\u8bd1\u4f5c\u201c\u82ad\u857e\u821e\u201d
\u3000\u3000cigar\u8bd1\u4f5c\u201c\u96ea\u8304\u201d
\u3000\u3000laser\u8fc7\u53bb\u8bd1\u6210\u201c\u83b1\u585e\u201d\uff0c\u73b0\u8bd1\u4f5c\u201c\u956d\u5c04\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6fc0\u5149\u201d
\u3000\u3000\u76ee\u524d\u5927\u8857\u5c0f\u5df7\u90fd\u98ce\u884c\u7684\u201c\u5361\u62c9 OK\u201d\u7b49\u3002
\u2461 \u5f02\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8bcd\u8bed\u5c42\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
\u3000\u3000\u201ccrocodile tears\u201d\u8bd1\u4f5c\u201c\u9cc4\u9c7c\u7684\u773c\u6cea\u201d
\u3000\u3000\u201can olive branch\u201d\u8bd1\u4f5c\u201c\u6a44\u6984\u679d\u201d
\u3000\u3000\u201csour grapes\u201d\u8bd1\u4f5c\u201c\u9178\u8461\u8404\u201d
\u3000\u3000\u201cthe cold war\u201d\u8bd1\u4f5c\u201c\u51b7\u6218\u201d\u7b49\u7b49\u3002
\u2462 \u5f02\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u53e5\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u5c42\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u6731\u751f\u8c6a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u838e\u58eb\u6bd4\u4e9a\u620f\u5267\u662f\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u4f73\u8bd1\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5c31\u8fd0\u7528\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u201c\u6b27\u5316\u53e5\u5f0f\u201d
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5728\u300a\u54c8\u59c6\u96f7\u7279\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e55\u7b2c\u4e09\u573a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ce2\u6d1b\u6d85\u65af\u544a\u8beb\u5973\u513f\u4e0d\u8981\u8f7b\u4fe1\u54c8\u59c6\u96f7\u7279\u65f6\u8bf4\uff1a
\u201cYou speak like a green girl\uff0eUnsifted in such perilous circumstance\uff0e\u201d
\u6731\u751f\u8c6a\u5c06\u5176\u8bd1\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u8bb2\u7684\u8bdd\u5b8c\u5168\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u66fe\u7ecf\u5386\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u5371\u9669\u7684\u4e0d\u61c2\u4e8b\u7684\u5973\u5b69\u5b50\u3002\u201d
\u5f02\u5316\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u6df1\u5c42\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u53c8\u518d\u73b0\u4e86\u539f\u6587\u7684\u8868\u5c42\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4e30\u5bcc\u548c\u5b8c\u5584\u4e86\u6c49\u8bed\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f\u8868\u8fbe\u610f\u601d\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u6837\u5316\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u4e00\u6247\u7a97\u6237\u3002
\u5f52\u5316\uff08domestication\uff09\u662f\u6307\u9075\u5b88\u76ee\u6807\u8bed\u8a00\u6587\u5316\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff0c\u516c\u7136\u5bf9\u539f\u6587\u91c7\u7528\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u540c\u5316\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u8fce\u5408\u672c\u571f\u7684\u5178\u5f8b\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u6f6e\u6d41\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u9700\u6c42\uff08Venuti,2001:240\uff09\u30141\u3015\uff1b\u6216\u6307\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e2d\u91c7\u7528\u900f\u660e\u3001\u6d41\u7545\u7684\u98ce\u683c(transparent, fluent style)\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u6de1\u5316\u539f\u6587\u7684\u964c\u751f\u611f(strangeness)\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7b56\u7565\uff08Shuttleworth&Cowie,1997:43-44\uff09\u30142\u3015\u3002\u4e3b\u5f20\u4ee5\u76ee\u7684\u8bed\u6587\u5316\u4e3a\u5f52\u5bbf\u7684\u201c\u5f52\u5316\u6d3e\u201d\u63d0\u51fa\u8bd1\u6587\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u514b\u670d\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u514b\u670d\u6587\u5316\u7684\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u800c\u8bd1\u8005\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u907f\u514d\u6587\u5316\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8bd1\u8005\u4e5f\u662f\u201c\u4f20\u64ad\u8005\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5e94\u5bf9\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u667a\u529b\u548c\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u63d0\u51fa\u8fc7\u9ad8\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u662f\u6e90\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u6240\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u63a5\u8fd1\u76ee\u7684\u8bed\u6587\u5316\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8fbe\u5230\u6e90\u8bed\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u76ee\u7684\u8bed\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u201c\u6587\u5316\u5bf9\u7b49\u201d\u3002
\u5f02\u5316(foreignization)\u662f\u6307\u504f\u79bb\u672c\u571f\u4e3b\u6d41\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u6587\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u5f02(Venuti,2001:240\uff09\u30141\u3015\uff1b\u6216\u6307\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u6587\u7684\u5f02\u57df\u6027(foreignness)\uff0c\u6545\u610f\u6253\u7834\u76ee\u6807\u8bed\u8a00\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff08Shuttleworth&Cowie,1997:59\uff09\u30142\u3015\u3002\u4e3b\u5f20\u5728\u8bd1\u6587\u4e2d\u4fdd\u7559\u6e90\u8bed\u6587\u5316\u7684\u201c\u5f02\u5316\u6d3e\u201d\u63d0\u51fa\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u6587\u5316\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u6e90\u8bed\u6587\u5316\u5c06\u4f1a\u4e30\u5bcc\u76ee\u7684\u8bed\u6587\u5316\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u8bed\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\u76ee\u7684\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u5f02\u56fd\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u8bd1\u8005\u5e94\u76f8\u4fe1\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u667a\u529b\u548c\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u5f02\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7279\u5f02\u4e4b\u5904\u30143\u3015\u3002
“归化”，是指在翻译过程中尽可能用本民族的方式去表现外来的作品；
“异化”则认为既然是翻译，就得译出外国的味儿，保持“原汁原味”。
归化：
Love me, love my dog.
爱屋及乌。
a lion in the way
拦路虎
lick one’s boots
拍马屁
Diamond cuts diamond
棋逢对手
A flash in a pan
昙花一现
Have one foot in the grave
风烛残年
To grow like mushrooms
雨后春笋
One boy is a boy，two boys half a boy，three boys nobody.
一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没水吃。
Of all the gin joints in all the towns in all the world, she walks out of mine.
弱水三千，终究我已不是她那瓢中的一壶水了
High buildings and large mansions are springing up like mushrooms in Beijing.
在北京，高楼大厦犹如雨后春笋般地涌现。
异化：
a castle in the air
空中楼阁
A rolling stone gathers no moss.
滚石不生苔
Blood is thicker than water.
血浓于水
打破铁饭碗
to break the “iron rice bowl"
armed to teeth
武装到牙齿
an eye for an eye，a tooth for a tooth
以眼还眼，以牙还牙
all roads lead to Rome
条条道路通罗马
show ones cards
摊牌
paper tiger
纸老虎
to weep crocodile's tear
流鳄鱼眼泪
绛旓細鈥滃綊鍖栤(domesticating)涓庘滃紓鍖栤(foreignizing)鏄炕璇戜腑甯搁潰涓寸殑涓ょ閫夋嫨銆傛墍璋撯滃綊鍖栤濓紝鏄寚鍦ㄧ炕璇戣繃绋嬩腑灏藉彲鑳界敤鏈皯鏃忕殑鏂瑰紡鍘昏〃鐜板鏉ョ殑浣滃搧锛涜屸滃紓鍖栤濆垯鎭版伆鐩稿弽锛岃涓烘棦鐒舵槸缈昏瘧锛屽氨寰楄瘧鍑哄鍥界殑鍛冲効锛屼繚鎸佲滃師姹佸師鍛斥濄傞挶閽熶功鐩稿簲鍦扮О杩欎袱绉嶆儏褰㈠彨鈥滄眽鍖栤濅笌鈥滄鍖栤濄傜炕璇戠殑褰掑寲鍜屽紓鍖鏄1995...
绛旓細鈥褰掑寲鈥濓紝鏄寚鍦ㄧ炕璇戣繃绋嬩腑灏藉彲鑳界敤鏈皯鏃忕殑鏂瑰紡鍘昏〃鐜板鏉ョ殑浣滃搧锛涒寮傚寲鈥濆垯璁や负鏃㈢劧鏄炕璇戯紝灏卞緱璇戝嚭澶栧浗鐨勫懗鍎匡紝淇濇寔鈥滃師姹佸師鍛斥濄傚綊鍖栵細Love me, love my dog.鐖卞眿鍙婁箤銆俛 lion in the way 鎷﹁矾铏 lick one鈥檚 boots 鎷嶉┈灞 Diamond cuts diamond 妫嬮㈠鎵 A flash in a pan 鏄欒姳涓鐜 ...
绛旓細褰掑寲鍜屽紓鍖鐨勫尯鍒槸锛氬綊鍖栵細鏄鎶婃簮璇湰鍦熷寲锛屼互鐩爣璇垨璇戞枃璇昏呬负褰掑锛岄噰鍙栫洰鏍囪璇昏呮墍涔犳儻鐨勮〃杈炬柟寮忔潵浼犺揪鍘熸枃鐨勫唴瀹癸紱寮傚寲锛氭槸鈥滆瘧鑰呭敖鍙兘涓嶅幓鎵撴壈浣滆咃紝璁╄鑰呭悜浣滆呴潬鎷⑩濄傚湪缈昏瘧涓婂氨鏄縼灏卞鏉ユ枃鍖栫殑璇█鐗圭偣锛屽惛绾冲璇〃杈炬柟寮忥紝瑕佹眰璇戣呭悜浣滆呴潬鎷紝閲囧彇鐩稿簲浜庝綔鑰呮墍浣跨敤鐨勬簮璇〃杈炬柟寮忥紝鏉...
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绛旓細涓枃缈昏瘧鑻辨枃鏃讹紝褰掑寲鍜屽紓鍖鏄袱绉嶄笉鍚岀殑缈昏瘧绛栫暐銆傚綊鍖栨槸鎸囧皢澶栨潵璇炕璇戞垚涓庣洰鏍囪瑷鐩镐技鐨勫舰寮忥紝浣垮叾鏇村鏄撹鐞嗚В鍜屾帴鍙椼傚紓鍖栧垯鏄寚淇濈暀鍘熸枃鐨勫舰寮忓拰缁撴瀯锛屼娇缈昏瘧鏇村姞蹇犲疄浜庡師鏂囩殑鎰忔濄備互涓嬫槸涓浜涗緥瀛愶細褰掑寲锛"鐢佃"缈昏瘧鎴"television"锛岃屼笉鏄洿鎺ラ煶璇戞垚"di脿nsh矛"銆"椁愬巺"缈昏瘧鎴"restaurant"锛岃屼笉...
绛旓細褰掑寲锛屽氨鏄簮璇殑璇█褰㈠紡銆佷範鎯拰鏂囧寲浼犵粺鐨勫鐞嗕互鐩殑璇负褰掑銆寮傚寲锛屽氨鏄簮璇殑璇█褰㈠紡銆佷範鎯拰鏂囧寲浼犵粺鐨勫鐞嗕互婧愯涓哄綊瀹裤傚綊鍖栨硶锛1.Spring up like mushrooms 闆ㄥ悗鏄ョ瑡 2.Every dog has his day 鍑′汉鐨嗘湁寰楁剰鏃 3.To keep one鈥檚 head above water 濂嬪姏鍥惧瓨 4.Beancurd queen 璞嗚厫瑗挎柦...
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