英语语法问题，如图，为什么要用been，不能用go的过去分词，求详细解释，谢谢 英语语法，如图.，蓝笔处的2个疑问求详细解答！谢谢！
\u6025\uff1a\u82f1\u8bed\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u6c42\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4e00\u8a00\u534a\u8bed\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u5c31\u7b97\u4e86\uff0c\u8c22\u8c22\u6211\u6765\u56de\u7b54\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002
evaluating\u5728\u6b64\u5904\u4e3a\u4f34\u968f\u72b6\u8bed
\u975e\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u5927\u4f53\u5206\u4e3a \u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd v-ing \u8fc7\u53bb\u5206\u8bcd v-ed \u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f to do
\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd \u8868\u8fbe \u4e3b\u52a8 \u548c\u8fdb\u884c
\u5f53\u5b83\u51fa\u73b0\u65f6\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u627e
\u4e0d\u5230\u4e3b\u8c13\u5bbe\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u53e5\u5b50\u662f\u6709\u903b\u8f91\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\uff0c
\u5b83\u548c\u53e5\u5b50\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u662f\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002
\u62ff \u672c\u53e5\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c
Students spend five minutes in an
discussion evaluating their class
performance today.
\u610f\u601d\u662f \u5b66\u751f\u7528\u4e86\u4e94\u5206\u949f\u7684 \u65f6\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u4e0e
\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4eca\u5929\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u73ed\u7ea7\u8868\u6f14\u3002
spend \u548c evaluating \u90fd\u662f\u5b66\u751f\u662f\u4e3b\u8bed
evaluating \u662f\u540c\u65f6\u4f34\u968f\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c
\u6bd4\u5982 The students came out of the
classroom , laughing and talking.
\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u4ece\u6559\u5ba4\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u7b11\u7740\u8bf4\u7740\u3002
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4 laughing and talking
\u5c31\u662f\u4f34\u968f\u72b6\u8bed\u3002
\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u539f\u56e0\u72b6\u8bed\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u72b6\u8bed\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c
\u72b6\u8bed\uff0c \u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u5206\u8bcd\u5145\u5f53\u4e86
\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u8bed\u90e8\u5206\u3002
Getting the last the last bus, he had to
hurry up .
\u4e3a\u4e86\u8d76\u4e0a\u672b\u73ed\u8f66\uff0c\u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u5feb\u70b9\u8d70\u3002(\u76ee\u7684)
Having finished the homework, he went
out for a walk.
\u5b8c\u6210\u4f5c\u4e1a\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u51fa\u53bb\u6563\u6b65\u3002\uff08\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8868\u5148\u540e\uff09
He died in the accident, leaving her
wife a broken home and three children.
\u4ed6\u6b7b\u4e8e\u4e8b\u6545\uff0c\u7559\u7ed9\u5979\u59bb\u5b50\u4e00\u4e2a\u7834\u8d25\u7684\u5bb6\u8fd8\u6709\u4e09
\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u3002\uff08\u7ed3\u679c\uff09
\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8054\u7cfb\u6211\u3002\u6211\u662f\u82f1\u8bed\u8001\u5e08
The railroad industry as a whole,despite its brightening fortunes,still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic.
\u53e5\u5b50\u610f\u601d \uff1a \u4ece\u6574\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u94c1\u8def\u884c\u4e1a\u524d\u9014\u5149\u660e\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u6536\u5165\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u652f\u4ed8\u4e3a\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\u7684\u8fd0\u8f93\u9700\u8981\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u8d44\u4ea7\u6295\u8d44\u3002
\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u6bd4\u8f83\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u5e72\u662fThe railroad industry\u2026 does not earn enough\u3002
despite its brightening fortunes\u662f\u4ecb\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u4f5c\u72b6\u8bed \u5176\u4e2dbrightening fortunes\u662f\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u4f5c\u4ecb\u8bcd\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0cbrightening\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u505a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u4f5c\u5b9a\u8bed\u3002
it must invest to\u2026 traffic\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7701\u7565that\u7684\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5 \uff0c\u4fee\u9970the capital\u3002\u7701\u7565\u7684that\u4ee3\u66ff\u5148\u884c\u8bcdthe capital\u4f5c\u5b9a\u4ece\u4e2dmust invest\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u3002it\u6307\u7684\u662f \u94c1\u8def\u884c\u4e1a\u3002
to keep up with its surging traffic\u662f\u5b9a\u4ece\u4e2d\u7684\u5bbe\u8865 \u5b9a\u4ece\u4e2d\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u662f\u7701\u7565\u7684that\u5373the capital
\u4e0d\u8fc7\u628a\u5176\u770b\u505a\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5f0f\u77ed\u8bed\u4f5c\u5b9a\u4ece\u4e2d\u7684\u72b6\u8bed \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5
He has been to the Great Wall.意思是“他去过长城”，如果把been改为gone，则表示他去长城了，现在人还没回来。
所以，been 和 gone不能随便改换，否则，意思发生变化。
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