ARP(地址解析协议)与RARP(反向地址解析协议)工作在网络的哪一层?他们的工作原理是什么? ARP(地址解析协议)属于网络中的哪一层?
ARP\uff08\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u4e0eRARP\uff08\u53cd\u5411\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u5c42\uff1f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u3002
arp\u662fIP\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u4e3aMAC\u5730\u5740 RARP MAC\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u4e3aIP\u5730\u5740
\u4e3b\u8981\u4ee5\u5e7f\u64ad\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f
\u4e00\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fARP\u534f\u8bae
ARP\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u201cAddress Resolution Protocol\u201d\uff08\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u7684\u7f29\u5199\u3002\u5728\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5b9e\u9645\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u662f\u201c\u5e27\u201d\uff0c\u5e27\u91cc\u9762\u662f\u6709\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u7684\u3002\u5728\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u8fdb\u884c\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807MAC\u5730\u5740\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8bae\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u4e3b\u673a\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u5e27\u524d\u5c06\u76ee\u6807IP\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u76ee\u6807MAC\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002ARP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u529f\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u76ee\u6807\u8bbe\u5907\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u76ee\u6807\u8bbe\u5907\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u987a\u5229\u8fdb\u884c\u3002
ARP\u534f\u8bae\u4e3b\u8981\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c06\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u4e2d\u768432\u4f4dIP\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5e94\u768448\u4f4d\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740,\u5373\u7f51\u5361\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740,\u6bd4\u5982IP\u5730\u5740\u4f4d192.168.0.1\u7f51\u5361MAC\u5730\u5740\u4e3a00-03-0F-FD-1D-2B.\u6574\u4e2a\u8f6c\u6362\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u4e00\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\u5148\u5411\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u53d1\u9001\u5305\u542b\u6709IP\u5730\u5740\u548cMAC\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305,\u901a\u8fc7MAC\u5730\u5740\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u4e86.
\u4e8c\u3001ARP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406
\u5728\u6bcf\u53f0\u5b89\u88c5\u6709TCP/IP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u7535\u8111\u91cc\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aARP\u7f13\u5b58\u8868\uff0c\u8868\u91cc\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u4e0eMAC\u5730\u5740\u662f\u4e00\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u9644\u8868\u6240\u793a\u3002
\u9644\u8868
\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u4e3b\u673aA\uff08192.168.1.5\uff09\u5411\u4e3b\u673aB\uff08192.168.1.1\uff09\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u4e3a\u4f8b\u3002\u5f53\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3b\u673aA\u4f1a\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684ARP\u7f13\u5b58\u8868\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u662f\u5426\u6709\u76ee\u6807IP\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5982\u679c\u627e\u5230\u4e86\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u76ee\u6807MAC\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u628a\u76ee\u6807MAC\u5730\u5740\u5199\u5165\u5e27\u91cc\u9762\u53d1\u9001\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5728ARP\u7f13\u5b58\u8868\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4e3b\u673aA\u5c31\u4f1a\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7f\u64ad\uff0c\u76ee\u6807MAC\u5730\u5740\u662f\u201cFF.FF.FF.FF.FF.FF\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u793a\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u7f51\u6bb5\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u673a\u53d1\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8be2\u95ee\uff1a\u201c192.168.1.1\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u201d\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u5176\u4ed6\u4e3b\u673a\u5e76\u4e0d\u54cd\u5e94ARP\u8be2\u95ee\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e3b\u673aB\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e27\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u5411\u4e3b\u673aA\u505a\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u56de\u5e94\uff1a\u201c192.168.1.1\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u662f00-aa-00-62-c6-09\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4e3b\u673aA\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\u4e3b\u673aB\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u4e3b\u673aB\u53d1\u9001\u4fe1\u606f\u4e86\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u5b83\u8fd8\u66f4\u65b0\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684ARP\u7f13\u5b58\u8868\uff0c\u4e0b\u6b21\u518d\u5411\u4e3b\u673aB\u53d1\u9001\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u4eceARP\u7f13\u5b58\u8868\u91cc\u67e5\u627e\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u3002ARP\u7f13\u5b58\u8868\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u8001\u5316\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5982\u679c\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u884c\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u51cf\u5c11ARP\u7f13\u5b58\u8868\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u52a0\u5feb\u67e5\u8be2\u901f\u5ea6\u3002
ARP\u653b\u51fb\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4f2a\u9020IP\u5730\u5740\u548cMAC\u5730\u5740\u5b9e\u73b0ARP\u6b3a\u9a97\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u5927\u91cf\u7684ARP\u901a\u4fe1\u91cf\u4f7f\u7f51\u7edc\u963b\u585e\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53ea\u8981\u6301\u7eed\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u53d1\u51fa\u4f2a\u9020\u7684ARP\u54cd\u5e94\u5305\u5c31\u80fd\u66f4\u6539\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673aARP\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684IP-MAC\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u65ad\u6216\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u653b\u51fb\u3002
ARP\u653b\u51fb\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u4e2d\u82e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u611f\u67d3ARP\u6728\u9a6c\uff0c\u5219\u611f\u67d3\u8be5ARP\u6728\u9a6c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u4f1a\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u201cARP\u6b3a\u9a97\u201d\u624b\u6bb5\u622a\u83b7\u6240\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u5185\u5176\u5b83\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u9020\u6210\u7f51\u5185\u5176\u5b83\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u6545\u969c\u3002
RARP\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\uff1a
1. \u53d1\u9001\u4e3b\u673a\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u672c\u5730\u7684RARP\u5e7f\u64ad\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u5e7f\u64ad\u5305\u4e2d\uff0c\u58f0\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u5e76\u4e14\u8bf7\u6c42\u4efb\u4f55\u6536\u5230\u6b64\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684RARP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\uff1b
2. \u672c\u5730\u7f51\u6bb5\u4e0a\u7684RARP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6536\u5230\u6b64\u8bf7\u6c42\u540e\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u5176RARP\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u67e5\u627e\u8be5MAC\u5730\u5740\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff1b
3. \u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\uff0cRARP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c31\u7ed9\u6e90\u4e3b\u673a\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5e76\u5c06\u6b64IP\u5730\u5740\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u5bf9\u65b9\u4e3b\u673a\u4f7f\u7528\uff1b
4. \u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0cRARP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5bf9\u6b64\u4e0d\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\uff1b
5. \u6e90\u4e3b\u673a\u6536\u5230\u4eceRARP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5c31\u5229\u7528\u5f97\u5230\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u8baf\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u76f4\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230RARP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5931\u8d25\u3002
6.\u5982\u679c\u5728\u7b2c1-3\u4e2d\u88abARP\u75c5\u6bd2\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u5219\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u53cd\u6620\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u5360\u7528\uff0c\u6e90\u4e3b\u673a\u540c\u6837\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230RARP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6ca1\u6709\u54cd\u5e94\u800c\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6e90\u4e3b\u673a\u7684IP\u88ab\u5360\u7528\u3002
\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8bae\uff1a\u6839\u636eIP\u5730\u5740\u67e5\u8be2\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740\u7684\u534f\u8bae
绛旓細ARP鏄鍦板潃瑙f瀽鍗忚锛孯ARP鏄嗗湴鍧瑙f瀽鍗忚銆傚湴鍧瑙f瀽鍗忚 鍦板潃瑙f瀽鍗忚鏄竴绉嶇綉缁滃崗璁紝鐢ㄤ簬灏嗙綉缁滀笂鐨勪富鏈哄悕鎴朓P鍦板潃杞崲涓哄搴旂殑鐗╃悊鍦板潃銆傚湪灞鍩熺綉鍐咃紝褰撲竴鍙拌绠楁満鎯宠涓庡彟涓鍙拌绠楁満閫氫俊鏃讹紝闇瑕佸厛鐭ラ亾鐩爣璁$畻鏈虹殑鐗╃悊鍦板潃銆ARP鍗忚鍙互鑷姩鏌ユ壘鐩爣璁$畻鏈虹殑MAC鍦板潃锛岄氳繃骞挎挱鐨勬柟寮忓湪缃戠粶涓婂彂閫佽姹傦紝骞...
绛旓細鍦板潃瑙f瀽鍗忚锛屽嵆ARP锛Address Resolution Protocol锛夛紝鏄牴鎹甀P鍦板潃鑾峰彇鐗╃悊鍦板潃鐨勪竴涓猅CP/IP鍗忚銆 涓绘満鍙戦佷俊鎭椂灏嗗寘鍚洰鏍嘔P鍦板潃鐨凙RP璇锋眰骞挎挱鍒板眬鍩熺綉缁滀笂鐨勬墍鏈変富鏈猴紝骞舵帴鏀惰繑鍥炴秷鎭紝浠ユ纭畾鐩爣鐨勭墿鐞嗗湴鍧锛涙敹鍒拌繑鍥炴秷鎭悗灏嗚IP鍦板潃鍜岀墿鐞嗗湴鍧瀛樺叆鏈満ARP缂撳瓨涓苟淇濈暀涓瀹氭椂闂达紝涓嬫璇锋眰鏃剁洿鎺ユ煡...
绛旓細鎵璋撯鍦板潃瑙f瀽鈥濆氨鏄富鏈哄湪鍙戦佸抚鍓嶅皢鐩爣IP鍦板潃杞崲鎴愮洰鏍嘙AC鍦板潃鐨勮繃绋嬨ARP鍗忚鐨勫熀鏈姛鑳藉氨鏄氳繃鐩爣璁惧鐨処P鍦板潃锛屾煡璇㈢洰鏍囪澶囩殑MAC鍦板潃锛屼互淇濊瘉閫氫俊鐨勯『鍒╄繘琛屻 ARP鍗忚涓昏璐熻矗灏嗗眬鍩熺綉涓殑32浣岻P鍦板潃杞崲涓哄搴旂殑48浣嶇墿鐞嗗湴鍧,鍗崇綉鍗$殑MAC鍦板潃,姣斿IP鍦板潃浣192.168.0.1缃戝崱MAC鍦板潃涓00-03-...
绛旓細ARP鍜孯ARP鏄綉缁滃眰鐨勫崗璁紝浣嗘槸瀹冩墍宸ヤ綔鐨勫唴瀹规槸閾捐矾灞傜殑锛屽叿浣撴潵璇村簲璇ユ槸鍦ㄧ綉缁滃眰銆鍦板潃瑙f瀽鍗忚锛Address Resolution Protocol锛ARP锛鏄湪浠呯煡閬撲富鏈虹殑IP鍦板潃鏃剁‘瀹氬叾鐗╃悊鍦板潃鐨勪竴绉嶅崗璁傚洜IPv4鍜屼互澶綉鐨勫箍娉涘簲鐢紝鍏朵富瑕佺敤浣滃皢IP鍦板潃缈昏瘧涓轰互澶綉鐨凪AC鍦板潃锛屼絾鍏朵篃鑳藉湪ATM鍜孎DDIIP缃戠粶涓娇鐢ㄣ
绛旓細褰撹缃竴鍙版柊鐨勬満鍣ㄦ椂锛屽叾 RARP 瀹㈡埛鏈虹▼搴忛渶瑕佸悜璺敱鍣ㄤ笂鐨 RARP 鏈嶅姟鍣ㄨ姹傜浉搴旂殑 IP 鍦板潃銆傚亣璁惧湪璺敱琛ㄤ腑宸茬粡璁剧疆浜嗕竴涓褰曪紝RARP 鏈嶅姟鍣ㄥ皢浼氳繑鍥 IP 鍦板潃缁欐満鍣紝姝ゆ満鍣ㄥ氨浼氬瓨鍌ㄨ捣鏉ヤ互渚挎棩鍚庝娇鐢ㄣ RARP 鍙互浣跨敤浜庝互澶綉銆佸厜绾ゅ垎甯冨紡鏁版嵁鎺ュ彛鍙婁护鐗岀幆 LAN銆備簩銆鍦板潃瑙f瀽鍗忚绠绉ARP锛氭槸鏍规嵁IP...
绛旓細request鍜宎rp reply杩囩▼鎴栬呮墜宸ユ寚瀹氾紱3銆佷富鏈虹殑浠绘剰arp request骞挎挱鍙互鏇存柊缃戠粶涓富鏈哄叧浜庢涓绘満鐨刟rp淇℃伅銆 RARP锛閫嗗悜鍦板潃瑙f瀽鍗忚锛锛氬姛鑳斤細鍚戠綉缁滀腑鍙戦佸寘鍚嚜韬玀AC鍦板潃鐨勫箍鎾寘锛屼互姝よ幏寰桰P鍦板潃銆傜壒鐐癸細1銆丷ARP鍗忚甯哥敤鍦ㄦ棤鐩樺伐浣滅珯鐜锛2銆佸繀椤绘湁RARP鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ敮鎸佹墠鑳藉緱鍒板搷搴斻
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