低孔低渗型储集层精细测井解释方法研究——以南海东部某油田为例 高孔低渗白云岩气藏产能评价研究——以巴什托气田为例
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Research on Fracture Prediction and Dual-permeability Geological Modeling of Low Porosity and Low Permeability Sandstone Reservoirs\u2014Taking Dabei Gasfield as An Example
Xiao Xiangjiao1\uff0c2\uff0cJiang Hanqiao1\uff0cWang Haiying2\uff0cWei Cong2\uff0cZhao Libin2\uff0cCheng Hua2
\uff081.Key laboratory of Petroleum Engineering\uff0cMinistry of Education\uff0cChina University of Petroleum\uff0cChangping\uff0cBeijing\uff0c102249\uff1b2.Tarim Oilfield Company\uff0cPetroChina\uff0cKora\uff0cXinjiang\uff0c841000\uff09
Abstract\uff1aThe degree of fracture development determine the ability of fluid seepage and production in low porosity and low permeabilty formation.Because of the complexities on the formation mechanism of fracture\uff0cthe fracture reservoir are the keystone and difficulty of development.At present\uff0cthere are many methods for fracture prediction\uff0cwhich also have many limitations in application.The method of fracture prediction by analysing tectonic stress field\uff0cin which the formation mechanisms of fracture is considered strictly\uff0cas well as the production practice of the oil-gas field and practical application is well combined\uff0cis a effective way to forecast fracture quantitatively in the reservoir.According to the reality that the fractures are well developed in the reservoir rocks of Dabei Gasfield\uff0ca finite element method analysis model consistent with the geologic model grid of the reservoir is built by model conversion methods\uff0cstarting from the numerical simulation of tectonic stress field\uff0cbased on the single well fracture description and the study on fracture distribution characteristic.And then\uff0cthe reservior tectonic stress field is forecasted and analysed by 3D finite element numerical simulation for continuum model\uff0ccombined with the research results of territorial paleostructure and rock mechanics experiment.According to the classical rock-craking principle and the calculation model between the tectonic stress field data and fracture parameters\uff0cthe quantitative prediction of structural fracture in reservoir rocks of Dabei Gasfield is conducted.On this base\uff0ca fine 3D dual-permeability geologic model suitable for the geologic features of this gas field is built through stochastic modeling controlled by the results of fracture prediction with the methods of tectonic stress field analysis\uff0cand they provide reference for the study on gasfield development design of this kind of gas field.
Key words\uff1alow porosity and low permeability\uff1bfracture prediction\uff1btectonic stress field\uff1bdual-permeability\uff1b geological modeling
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1 \u7814\u7a76\u533a\u6982\u51b5
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2 \u5355\u4e95\u88c2\u7f1d\u63cf\u8ff0\u53ca\u5206\u5e03\u7279\u5f81\uff3b2\uff3d
2.1 \u88c2\u7f1d\u4ea7\u72b6
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\u6210\u50cf\u6d4b\u4e95\u89e3\u91ca\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5927\u5317\u6c14\u7530\u5df4\u4ec0\u57fa\u5947\u514b\u7ec4\u4e3b\u8981\u53d1\u80b2NW-SE\u8d70\u5411\u548cEW\u8d70\u5411\u7684\u6709\u6548\u88c2\u7f1d\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u4e3aNE-SW\u8d70\u5411\u88c2\u7f1d\uff0c\u4ece\u897f\u5411\u4e1c\u88c2\u7f1d\u8d70\u5411\u5177\u6709\u9010\u6e10\u4eceNE-SW\u5411\u8fd1EW\u5411\u504f\u79fb\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u6210\u50cf \u6d4b\u4e95\u8d44\u6599\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u7684\u9ad8\u5bfc\u7f1d\u5176\u503e\u89d2\u591a\u5206\u5e03\u572850\u00b0\uff5e90\u2103\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u5176\u5cf0\u503c\u4e3a60\u00b0\uff5e80\u00b0\uff0c\u5373\u88c2\u7f1d\u4ee5\u9ad8\u89d2\u5ea6\u659c\u4ea4 \u7f1d\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u5782\u76f4\u7f1d\u6b21\u4e4b\uff0c\u4f4e\u89d2\u5ea6\u659c\u4ea4\u7f1d\u548c\u6c34\u5e73\u7f1d\u4e0d\u53d1\u80b2\uff0c\u4e0e\u5ca9\u5fc3\u8bc6\u522b\u88c2\u7f1d\u7ed3\u679c\u4e00\u81f4\u3002
2.2 \u88c2\u7f1d\u53d1\u80b2\u89c4\u6a21
\u6309\u53d1\u80b2\u89c4\u6a21\u53ef\u5c06\u5927\u5317\u6c14\u7530\u88c2\u7f1d\u5206\u4e3a\u5b8f\u89c2\u88c2\u7f1d\u548c\u5fae\u89c2\u88c2\u7f1d\u3002\u5ca9\u5fc3\u5b8f\u89c2\u88c2\u7f1d\u7ea6\u536020\uff05\uff0c\u5927\u5317202\u4e95\u88c2 \u7f1d\u5f00\u5ea6\u6700\u5927\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u4e3a1.16mm\u3002\u5927\u5317102\u4e95\u548c\u5927\u53171\u4e95\u6b21\u4e4b\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u4e3a0.63mm\u3002\u5927\u5317101\u4e95\u548c\u5927\u5317 104\u4e95\u88c2\u7f1d\u5f00\u5ea6\u6700\u5c0f\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u4e3a0.53mm\u3002\u5fae\u89c2\u88c2\u7f1d\u7ea6\u536080\uff05\u3002\u6574\u4f53\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u5927\u53171\u4e95\u548c\u5927\u53172\u4e95\u5fae\u89c2\u88c2 \u7f1d\u5f00\u5ea6\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u5206\u522b\u4e3a0.1761mm\u548c0.1736mm\uff1b\u5927\u5317101\u4e95\u548c\u5927\u5317102\u4e95\u5fae\u89c2\u88c2\u7f1d\u5f00\u5ea6\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u5e73 \u5747\u503c\u5206\u522b\u4e3a0.0514mm\u548c0.0591mm\u3002\u5404\u4e95\u5fae\u89c2\u88c2\u7f1d\u5f00\u5ea6\u76f8\u5bf9\u5927\u5c0f\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u5b8f\u89c2\u88c2\u7f1d\u57fa\u672c\u4e00\u81f4\u3002
\u5927\u5317\u6c14\u7530\u5df4\u4ec0\u57fa\u5947\u514b\u7ec46\u53e3\u53d6\u5fc3\u4e95\u4e2d\uff0c\u89c2\u6d4b\u5ca9\u5fc3\u957f\u5ea6\u517145.91m\uff0c\u88c2\u7f1d\u5171232\u6761\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u88c2\u7f1d\u7ebf\u5bc6\u5ea6 \u4e3a5.05\u6761/m\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u9762\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e3a6.8m/m2\u3002\u5229\u75287\u53e3\u4e95\u7684\u6210\u50cf\u6d4b\u4e95\u8d44\u6599\u5728\u5df4\u4ec0\u57fa\u5947\u514b\u7ec4\u5171\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa597\u6761\u5929 \u7136\u5f00\u542f\u88c2\u7f1d\uff0c\u4e95\u6bb5\u603b\u957f\u5ea6\u51711228.3m\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u88c2\u7f1d\u7ebf\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e3a0.49\u6761/m\u3002\u603b\u4f53\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5ca9\u5fc3\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u88c2\u7f1d\u7ebf\u5bc6 \u5ea6\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e\u6210\u50cf\u6d4b\u4e95\uff08\u524d\u8005\u7684\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u9ad8\u4e8e\u540e\u8005\uff09\u3002\u5927\u5317104\u4e95\u53d6\u5fc3\u6bb5\u88c2\u7f1d\u6700\u4e3a\u53d1\u80b2\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u88c2\u7f1d\u7ebf\u5bc6\u5ea6\u9ad8\u8fbe 16.7\u6761/m\uff0c\u5927\u5317202\u4e95\u6b21\u4e4b\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u88c2\u7f1d\u7ebf\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e3a8.91\u6761/m\uff0c\u5927\u53171\u4e95\u3001\u5927\u5317101\u4e95\u548c\u5927\u5317102\u4e95\u88c2\u7f1d \u5bc6\u5ea6\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u6210\u50cf\u6d4b\u4e95\u89e3\u91ca\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5927\u5317103\u4e95\u88c2\u7f1d\u6700\u4e3a\u53d1\u80b2\uff0c\u88c2\u7f1d\u7ebf\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e3a1.06\u6761/m\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u5927\u5317 101\u4e95\u3001\u5927\u5317202\u4e95\u3001\u5927\u5317201\u4e95\u3001\u5927\u5317104\u4e95\u3001\u5927\u53173\u4e95\uff0c\u88c2\u7f1d\u7ebf\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a0.2\uff5e0.8\u6761/m\uff0c\u5927\u5317 102\u4e95\u4e2d\u88c2\u7f1d\u4e0d\u53d1\u80b2\uff0c\u88c2\u7f1d\u7ebf\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5c0f\u4e8e0.1\u6761/m\u3002
3 \u50a8\u5c42\u88c2\u7f1d\u5206\u5e03\u9884\u6d4b
3.1 \u88c2\u7f1d\u6210\u56e0\u53ca\u671f\u6b21
\u901a\u8fc7\u91ce\u5916\u9732\u5934\u8c03\u67e5\u3001\u5ca9\u5fc3\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u6d4b\u4e95\u89e3\u91ca\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u5927\u5317\u6c14\u7530\u50a8\u5c42\u88c2\u7f1d\u4ee5\u6784\u9020\u7f1d\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff3b3\uff3d\u3002\u7ed3\u5408\u8584 \u7247\uff0c\u88c2\u7f1d\u5305\u88f9\u4f53\u3001\u70ed\u53f2-\u57cb\u85cf\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u88c2\u7f1d\u4ea7\u72b6\u3001\u5145\u586b\u7279\u5f81\u548c\u4ea4\u5207\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u65ad \u5927\u5317\u6c14\u7530\u5927\u81f4\u53d1\u80b24\u671f\u6784\u9020\u88c2\u7f1d\u3002\u7b2c1\u671f\u662f\u540c\u6c89\u79ef\uff08\u540c\u751f-\u51c6\u540c\u751f\uff09\u88c2\u7f1d\uff1b\u7b2c2\u671f\u4e3a\u9ad8\u89d2\u5ea6\u88c2\u7f1d\uff1b\u7b2c3 \u671f\u4e3a\u5177\u6709 \u201c\u4e8c\u5143\u201d \u6216\u201c\u4e09\u5143\u201d \u5145\u586b\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u9ad8\u89d2\u5ea6\uff08\u6216\u7f51\u72b6\uff09\u88c2\u7f1d\uff1b\u7b2c4\u671f\u4e3a\u4e0e\u7b2c2\u671f\u88c2\u7f1d\u8d70\u5411\u8fd1\u4e8e\u6b63 \u4ea4\u7684\u9ad8\u89d2\u5ea6\u5f00\u542f\u88c2\u7f1d\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c3\u671f\u548c\u7b2c4\u671f\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u88c2\u7f1d\u3002\u7b2c4\u671f\u88c2\u7f1d\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6709\u6548\u88c2\u7f1d\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e8e\u559c \u5c71\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u665a\u671f\u6784\u9020\u6324\u538b\uff0c\u662f\u88c2\u7f1d\u5b9a\u91cf\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff3b4\uff0c5\uff3d\u3002
3.2 \u5e94\u529b\u573a\u9884\u6d4b\u88c2\u7f1d\u601d\u8def\uff3b6\uff5e10\uff3d
\u5229\u7528\u7814\u7a76\u533a\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u5730\u8d28\u3001\u5730\u9707\u3001\u6d4b\u4e95\u3001\u94bb\u4e95\u7b49\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u7814\u7a76\u533a\u7684\u6709\u9650\u5143\u5206\u6790\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u5b9a\u76f8\u5e94\u7684 \u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u3001\u53cd\u6f14\u6807\u51c6\uff1b\u7ed3\u5408\u5bf9\u7814\u7a76\u533a\u6784\u9020\u5e94\u529b\u573a\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53ca\u5ca9\u77f3\u529b\u5b66\u4e09\u8f74\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u529b\u5b66 \u6027\u8d28\u3001\u52a0\u8f7d\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u53ca\u5ca9\u77f3\u529b\u5b66\u53c2\u6570\uff1b\u5229\u7528\u6709\u9650\u5143\u529b\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u8f6f\u4ef6Ansys\u5bf9\u50a8\u5c42\u6784\u9020\u5e94\u529b\u573a\u7684\u5927\u5c0f \u5206\u5e03\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u503c\u6a21\u62df\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5ca9\u77f3\u7834\u88c2\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u5f00\u5c55\u88c2\u7f1d\u5206\u5e03\u5b9a\u91cf\u9884\u6d4b\u7814\u7a76\u3002
3.3 \u9884\u6d4b\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5efa\u7acb
\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u4e09\u7ef4\u6709\u9650\u5143\u7ed3\u6784\u6a21\u578b\u5927\u591a\u6570\u662f\u6839\u636e\u7814\u7a76\u533a\u50a8\u5c42\u7684\u6784\u9020\u9876\u5e95\u9762\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u683c\u81ea\u52a8\u5256\u5206\u6765 \u5efa\u7acb\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8be5\u6cd5\u6240\u5efa\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u5730\u8d28\u6784\u9020\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u7f51\u683c\u975e\u4e00\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\uff0c\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u524d\u540e\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c \u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u4e8e\u50a8\u5c42\u88c2\u7f1d\u5efa\u6a21\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u89e3\u5256Ansys\u6709\u9650\u5143\u5206\u6790\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff3b11\uff3d\u548cPetrel\u5730\u8d28\u5efa\u6a21\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u7f51 \u683c\u7ec4\u6210\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7f16\u5236\u4e86\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5927\u5317\u6c14\u7530\u50a8\u5c42\u5730\u8d28\u6784\u9020\u6a21\u578b\u5411\u4e09\u7ef4\u6709\u9650\u5143\u7ed3\u6784\u6a21 \u578b\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u5982\u56fe2\u3001\u56fe3\u6240\u793a\u3002\u7efc\u5408\u5ca9\u77f3\u529b\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u6d4b\u4e95\u89e3\u91ca\u7ed3\u679c\uff3b12\uff0c13\uff3d\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u6784\u9020\u5e94\u529b\u573a\u6570\u503c\u6a21 \u62df\u6240\u7528\u7684\u529b\u5b66\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bf9\u6709\u9650\u5143\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u7ea6\u675f\u548c\u52a0\u8f7d\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u50a8\u5c42\u6784\u9020\u5e94\u529b\u573a\u7684\u5206 \u5e03\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002
\u56fe2 \u5730\u8d28\u6784\u9020\u6a21\u578b\u2014\u6709\u9650\u5143\u7ed3\u6784\u6a21\u578b\u8282\u70b9\u8f6c\u5316\u793a\u610f\u56fe
\u56fe3 \u5927\u5317\u6c14\u7530101\u65ad\u5757\u50a8\u5c42\u5730\u8d28\u6784\u9020\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u6709\u9650\u5143\u7ed3\u6784\u6a21\u578b
3.4 \u9884\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c
\u6839\u636e\u6a21\u62df\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u7ecf\u5178\u7834\u88c2\u51c6\u5219\uff3b14\uff3d\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u5e94\u529b\u5e94\u53d8\u4e0e\u88c2\u7f1d\u5b54\u9699\u5ea6\u6e17\u900f\u7387\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0 \u88c2\u7f1d\u5f62\u6210\u521d\u671f\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u9884\u6d4b\uff3b15\uff5e18\uff3d\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5927\u5317101\u65ad\u5757\u88c2\u7f1d\u96c6\u4e2d\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u5357\u90e8\u8fb9\u754c\u65ad\u5c42\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6784\u9020\u9ad8 \u70b9\u4e0a\uff08\u56fe4\u548c\u56fe5\uff09\u3002
\u73b0\u4eca\u5e94\u529b\u573a\u4e0b\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u88c2\u7f1d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u65e9\u671f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u88c2\u7f1d\u4f1a\u6709\u6539\u9020\u548c\u6f14\u5316\u53d8\u8fc1\u4f5c\u7528\uff3b21\uff3d\u3002\u56e0 \u6b64\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u53e4\u5730\u5e94\u529b\u573a\u4e0b\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u88c2\u7f1d\u5b54\u9699\u5ea6\u548c\u6e17\u900f\u7387\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6b63\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5ca9\u5fc3\u89c2\u5bdf\u7edf\u8ba1\u548c\u6d4b\u4e95\u8d44\u6599\u89e3 \u91ca\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5bf9\u5404\u5c42\u5404\u4e95\u7684\u88c2\u7f1d\u5404\u9879\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u5982\u6709\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u9700\u68c0\u67e5\u4fee\u6539\u5e94\u529b\u573a\u6a21\u62df\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u6761 \u4ef6\u6216\u5e94\u529b-\u88c2\u7f1d\u53c2\u6570\u5b9a\u91cf\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u88c2\u7f1d\u9884\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\u543b\u5408\u3002
\u56fe4 \u5927\u5317101\u53e4\u88c2\u7f1d\u5b54\u9699\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03\u56fe
\u56fe5 \u5927\u5317101\u53e4\u88c2\u7f1d\u4e1c\u897f\u5411\u6e17\u900f\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u56fe
4 \u53cc\u5b54\u53cc\u6e17\u5730\u8d28\u5efa\u6a21
4.1 \u5efa\u6a21\u6280\u672f\u6d41\u7a0b
\u901a\u8fc7\u4e09\u7ef4\u5730\u9707\u89e3\u91ca\u3001\u91ce\u5916\u9732\u5934\u548c\u5355\u4e95\u5ca9\u5fc3\u3001\u8584\u7247\u3001\u6d4b\u4e95\u8d44\u6599\u7b49\u7efc\u5408\u5206\u6790\u5927\u5317\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6784\u9020\u3001\u6c89\u79ef\u548c\u50a8 \u5c42\u53d1\u80b2\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5229\u7528Petrel\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5efa\u7acb\u50a8\u5c42\u4e09\u7ef4\u6784\u9020\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u6c89\u79ef\u76f8\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u5730\u8d28\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u901a \u8fc7\u968f\u673a\u6a21\u62df\u65b9\u6cd5\u5efa\u7acb\u50a8\u5c42\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff08\u57fa\u8d28\u548c\u88c2\u7f1d\uff09\u6a21\u578b\uff3b20\uff0c21\uff3d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5730\u9707\u8d44\u6599\u54c1\u8d28\u8f83\u5dee\uff0c\u50a8\u5c42\u57fa\u8d28\u6a21\u578b\u4e3b \u8981\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u9732\u5934\u3001\u5ca9\u5fc3\u548c\u6d4b\u4e95\u7b49\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5229\u7528\u6c89\u79ef\u76f8\u63a7\u968f\u673a\u6a21\u62df\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u50a8\u5c42\u88c2\u7f1d\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5c06\u6784 \u9020\u88c2\u7f1d\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\uff08Ansys\uff09\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6a21\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u5bfc\u5165\u5730\u8d28\u6a21\u578b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u88c2\u7f1d\u7ea6\u675f\u6a21\u578b\uff08Petrel\uff09\uff0c\u518d\u5229\u7528\u968f\u673a\u6a21 \u62df\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002
4.2 \u50a8\u5c42\u5c5e\u6027\u5efa\u6a21
4.2.1 \u57fa\u8d28\u5c5e\u6027\u5efa\u6a21
\u50a8\u5c42\u7269\u6027\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d7\u63a7\u4e8e\u6c89\u79ef\u76f8\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u6c89\u79ef\u76f8\u5206\u6790\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u6839\u636e \u91ce\u5916\u9732\u5934\u3001\u5ca9\u5fc3\u548c\u6d4b\u4e95\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5206\u6790\u4e0d\u540c\u76f8\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u50a8\u5c42\u7269\u6027\u53c2\u6570\u7279\u5f81\u548c\u5206\u5e03\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5206\u76f8\u8fdb\u884c\u968f\u673a \u6a21\u62df\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u5404\u76f8\u50a8\u5c42\u57fa\u8d28\u5c5e\u6027\u53c2\u6570\u5206\u5e03\u6a21\u578b\uff3b22\uff3d\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u5e8f\u8d2f\u9ad8\u65af\u65b9\u6cd5\u6a21\u62df\u57fa\u8d28\u5b54\u9699\u5ea6\u5206 \u5e03\u3002\u5728\u5bf9\u6e17\u900f\u7387\u8fdb\u884c\u6a21\u62df\u65f6\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u6570\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u63a5\u8fd1\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ee5\u5b54\u9699\u5ea6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u91c7 \u7528\u5e8f\u8d2f\u9ad8\u65af\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u6a21\u62df\u3002\u56fe6\u4e3a\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u57fa\u8d28\u5b54\u9699\u5ea6\u548c\u6e17\u900f\u7387\u6a21\u578b\u3002
\u56fe6 \u5927\u5317\u6c14\u7530\u50a8\u5c42\u57fa\u8d28\u5c5e\u6027\u53c2\u6570\u6a21\u578b
4.2.2 \u88c2\u7f1d\u5c5e\u6027\u5efa\u6a21
\u88c2\u7f1d\u5c5e\u6027\u53c2\u6570\u5efa\u6a21\u4e3b\u8981\u4ee5\u5927\u53177\u53e3\u6210\u50cf\u6d4b\u4e95\u62fe\u53d6\u7684\u88c2\u7f1d\u5b54\u9699\u5ea6\u3001\u6e17\u900f\u7387\u53c2\u6570\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u9732\u5934\u533a\u88c2 \u7f1d\u7684\u53d1\u80b2\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u50a8\u5c42\u6709\u9650\u5143\u6784\u9020\u88c2\u7f1d\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e73\u9762\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u5e8f\u8d2f\u9ad8\u65af\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u88c2\u7f1d\u5b54\u9699\u5ea6\u3001 \u6e17\u900f\u7387\u8fdb\u884c\u6a21\u62df\u3002\u56fe7\u4e3a\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u88c2\u7f1d\u5b54\u9699\u5ea6\u548c\u6e17\u900f\u7387\u6a21\u578b\u3002
\u56fe7 \u5927\u5317\u6c14\u7530\u50a8\u5c42\u88c2\u7f1d\u5c5e\u6027\u53c2\u6570\u6a21\u578b
4.3 \u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u8bc4\u4ef7
4.3.1 \u50a8\u91cf\u68c0\u9a8c
\u6839\u636e\u6709\u6548\u50a8\u5c42\u4e0b\u9650\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u53d6\u5b54\u9699\u5ea6\u5927\u4e8e3.5\uff05\uff0c\u6e17\u900f\u7387\u5927\u4e8e0.055\u00d710-3\u03bcm2\u7684\u7f51\u683c\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u7f51\u683c\uff0c\u5e76\u53c2\u4e0e\u50a8\u91cf\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u5bb9\u79ef\u6cd5\u5206\u65ad\u5757\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b\u50a8\u91cf\u3002\u65ad\u5757\u50a8\u91cf\u4e92\u6709\u589e\u51cf\uff0c\u4f46\u5dee\u522b\u5747\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u6574\u4f53\u8bef\u5dee\u5c0f \u4e8e1\uff05\u3002
4.3.2 \u5c5e\u6027\u53c2\u6570\u68c0\u9a8c
\u5bf9\u6a21\u62df\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u8f83\u597d\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u539f\u59cb\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u5206 \u5e03\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u5c06\u57fa\u8d28\u548c\u88c2\u7f1d\u5c5e\u6027\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\u76f4\u65b9\u56fe\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5b54\u9699\u5ea6\u548c\u6e17\u900f\u7387\u7684\u5206 \u5e03\u5f62\u6001\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u57fa\u672c\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u884c\u5ea6\u9ad8\uff0c\u7b26\u5408\u6c14\u85cf\u7684\u5730\u8d28\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5df2\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u5927\u5317\u6c14\u85cf\u8bd5\u91c7\u65b9\u6848\u7814\u7a76\u3002
5 \u7ed3\u8bba
\uff081\uff09\u7531\u4e8e\u4f4e\u5b54\u4f4e\u6e17\u81f4\u5bc6\u6027\u50a8\u96c6\u5c42\u4ee5\u6784\u9020\u88c2\u7f1d\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u5730\u8d28\u529b\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5e94\u529b\u573a\u6570\u503c\u6a21 \u62df\u6765\u5b9a\u91cf\u8868\u5f81\u88c2\u7f1d\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u524d\u666f\u3002
\uff082\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u5e94\u529b\u573a\u6a21\u62df\u4e0e\u50a8\u5c42\u5730\u8d28\u5efa\u6a21\u7f51\u683c\u5355\u5143\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u6027\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u95f4\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u4f7f \u5f97\u6709\u9650\u5143\u6784\u9020\u88c2\u7f1d\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u5730\u8d28\u5efa\u6a21\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u57fa\u8d28\u7f51\u683c\u548c\u88c2\u7f1d\u7f51\u683c\u7684\u65e0\u7f1d\u5bf9\u63a5\u3002
\uff083\uff09\u7efc\u5408\u5ca9\u5fc3\u3001\u6210\u50cf\u6d4b\u4e95\u548c\u6709\u9650\u5143\u6784\u9020\u88c2\u7f1d\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5927\u5317\u6c14\u7530\u7a00\u4e95\u7f51\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7b26\u5408\u5730\u8d28 \u7279\u70b9\u7684\u53cc\u5b54\u53cc\u6e17\u5730\u8d28\u5efa\u6a21\uff0c\u4e3a\u5f00\u53d1\u65b9\u6848\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6253\u4e0b\u4e86\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002
\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e
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\uff3b2\uff3d\u6c6a\u529f\u6000\uff0c\u6768\u5e0c\u7fe1\uff0c\u738b\u4e50\u4e4b\uff0c\u7b49.\u6237\u90e8\u5be8\u6784\u9020\u4f4e\u6e17\u81f4\u5bc6\u7802\u5ca9\u6c14\u85cf\u88c2\u7f1d\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e0e\u9884\u6d4b\u7814\u7a76\uff3bJ\uff3d.\u6c5f\u6c49\u77f3\u6cb9\u5b66\u9662\u5b66\u62a5\uff0c2003\uff0c25\uff083\uff09\uff1a117\uff5e120.
\uff3b3\uff3d\u5f20\u660e\u5229\uff0c\u8c2d\u6210\u8f69\uff0c\u6c64\u826f\u6770\uff0c\u7b49.\u5854\u91cc\u6728\u76c6\u5730\u5e93\u8f66\u5773\u9677\u4e2d\u65b0\u751f\u4ee3\u6784\u9020\u5e94\u529b\u573a\u5206\u6790\uff3bJ\uff3d.\u5730\u7403\u5b66\u62a5\uff0c2004\uff0c25\uff086\uff09\uff1a 615\uff5e619.
\uff3b4\uff3d\u66fe\u8054\u6ce2\uff0c\u6f06\u5bb6\u798f\uff0c\u738b\u6c38\u79c0.\u4f4e\u6e17\u900f\u50a8\u5c42\u6784\u9020\u88c2\u7f1d\u7684\u6210\u56e0\u7c7b\u578b\u53ca\u5176\u5f62\u6210\u5730\u8d28\u6761\u4ef6\uff3bJ\uff3d.\u77f3\u6cb9\u5b66\u62a5\uff0c2007\uff0c28\uff084\uff09\uff1a 52\uff5e56
\uff3b5\uff3d\u5218\u6d2a\u6d9b\uff0c\u66fe\u8054\u6ce2.\u559c\u9a6c\u62c9\u96c5\u8fd0\u52a8\u5728\u5854\u91cc\u6728\u76c6\u5730\u5e93\u8f66\u5773\u9677\u7684\u8868\u73b0\uff3bJ\uff3d.\u5730\u8d28\u901a\u62a5\uff0c2004\uff0c23\uff087\uff09\uff1a13\uff5e15.
\uff3b6\uff3dXinmin Song\uff0cet al.Integrated Characterization of Natural Fractures.Paper 64776 Presented at the 2000 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition.2000\uff0c9\uff1a3\uff5e6
\uff3b7\uff3d\u5468\u65b0\u6842\uff0c\u9093\u5b8f\u6587\uff0c\u64cd\u6210\u6770\uff0c\u7b49.\u50a8\u5c42\u6784\u9020\u88c2\u7f1d\u5b9a\u91cf\u9884\u6d4b\u7814\u7a76\u53ca\u8bc4\u4ef7\u65b9\u6cd5\uff3bJ\uff3d.\u5730\u7403\u5b66\u62a5\uff0c2003\uff0c24\uff082\uff09\uff1a175\uff5e180.
\uff3b8\uff3d\u674e\u6dd1\u6069\uff0c\u5f20\u7ecd\u8f89\uff0c\u5cb3\u594e\uff0c\u7b49.\u6784\u9020\u5e94\u529b\u573a\u6570\u503c\u6a21\u62df\u5206\u6790\u6280\u672f\u53ca\u5176\u5e94\u7528.\u6cb9\u6c14\u5730\u8d28\u4e0e\u91c7\u6536\u7387\uff0c2001\uff0c8\uff086\uff09\uff1a38\uff5e40.
\uff3b9\uff3d\u5510\u6e58\u84c9\uff0c\u674e\u6676.\u6784\u9020\u5e94\u529b\u573a\u6709\u9650\u5143\u6570\u503c\u6a21\u62df\u5728\u88c2\u7f1d\u9884\u6d4b\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff3bJ\uff3d.\u7279\u79cd\u6cb9\u6c14\u85cf\uff0c2005\uff0c12\uff082\uff09\uff1a25\uff5e28.
\uff3b10\uff3d\u6c88\u56fd\u534e.\u6709\u9650\u5143\u6570\u503c\u6a21\u62df\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u6784\u9020\u88c2\u7f1d\u9884\u6d4b\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff3bJ\uff3d.\u6cb9\u6c14\u5730\u8d28\u4e0e\u91c7\u6536\u7387\uff0c2008\uff0c15\uff084\uff09\uff1a24\uff5e26.
\uff3b11\uff3dANSYS Theory Manual\uff3bG\uff3d.ANSYS Help System\uff0cRelease 10.0.2005.
\uff3b12\uff3d\u4e01\u539f\u8fb0.\u58f0\u53d1\u5c04\u6cd5\u53e4\u5e94\u529b\u6d4b\u91cf\u95ee\u9898\u8ba8\u8bba.\u5730\u8d28\u529b\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\uff0c2000\uff0c6\uff082\uff09\uff1a45\uff5e52.
\uff3b13\uff3d\u4e01\u539f\u8fb0\uff0c\u90b5\u5146\u521a.\u6d4b\u5b9a\u5ca9\u77f3\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u53e4\u5e94\u529b\u72b6\u6001\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76.\u5730\u7403\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c2001\uff0c26\uff081\uff09\uff1a99\uff5e104.
\uff3b14\uff3d\u6234\u4fca\u751f\uff0c\u6c6a\u5fc5\u5cf0\uff0c\u9a6c\u5360\u8363.\u8106\u6027\u4f4e\u6e17\u900f\u7802\u5ca9\u7834\u88c2\u51c6\u5219\u7814\u7a76\uff3bJ\uff3d.\u65b0\u7586\u77f3\u6cb9\u5730\u8d28\uff0c2007\uff0c28\uff084\uff09\uff1a393\uff5e395.
\uff3b15\uff3d\u9093\u6500\uff0c\u9b4f\u56fd\u9f50\uff0c\u6768\u6cf3.\u50a8\u5c42\u6784\u9020\u88c2\u7f1d\u5b9a\u91cf\u9884\u6d4b\u4e2d\u5730\u8d28\u6570\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u7814\u7a76\uff3bJ\uff3d.\u5929\u7136\u6c14\u5730\u7403\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c2006\uff0c17\uff084\uff09\uff1a480\uff5e481.
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\u6768\u575a\u3000\u8d75\u4e49\u52c7\u3000\u5f20\u4e91\u667a
\uff08\u65b0\u661f\u77f3\u6cb9\u516c\u53f8\u897f\u5317\u77f3\u6cb9\u5c40\u89c4\u5212\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9662 \u4e4c\u9c81\u6728\u9f50 830011\uff09
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1\u3000\u524d\u8a00
\u5df4\u4ec0\u6258\u5c0f\u6d77\u5b50\u7ec4\u6c14\u85cf\u662f\u4e8e1992\u5e74\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5df4\u4ec0\u6258\u6784\u9020\u4e0a\u7684\u5c0f\u578b\u6c14\u7530\u3002\u81ea\u53d1\u73b0\u540e\u9646\u7eed\u94bb\u4e86\u6570\u53e3\u4e95\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u4ef7\u548c\u8bd5\u91c7\u3002\u8be5\u6c14\u85cf\u7684\u50a8\u5c42\u7269\u6027\u5177\u6709\u5178\u578b\u7684\u201c\u9ad8\u5b54\u4f4e\u6e17\u201d\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6c14\u85cf\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u5747\u5f88\u5c11\u89c1\u4e14\u4ee5\u7802\u5ca9\u50a8\u5c42\u4e3a\u591a\uff0c\u800c\u50cf\u5df4\u4ec0\u6258\u5c0f\u6d77\u5b50\u7ec4\u6c14\u85cf\u50a8\u5c42\u4e3a\u767d\u4e91\u5ca9\u7684\u9ad8\u538b\u6c14\u85cf\u5c31\u66f4\u4e0d\u591a\u89c1\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u5730\u8d28\u7279\u5f81\u4f7f\u5f97\u8be5\u6c14\u85cf\u5177\u6709\u4e0e\u5176\u5b83\u6c14\u85cf\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u8be5\u6c14\u85cf\u7684\u8bd5\u91c7\u52a8\u6001\u7279\u5f81\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u603b\u7ed3\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e30\u5bcc\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u7ecf\u9a8c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u6c14\u85cf\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ee5\u540e\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u786e\u5b9a\u6c14\u85cf\u5f00\u53d1\u63aa\u65bd\u6253\u4e0b\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5bf9\u8be5\u6c14\u85cf\u50a8\u5c42\u9178\u538b\u6539\u9020\u7684\u6548\u679c\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u6c14\u85cf\u7684\u5730\u8d28\u7279\u5f81\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u66f4\u65b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6c14\u85cf\u50a8\u5c42\u9178\u538b\u6539\u9020\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5728\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0a\u6709\u6240\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002
2\u3000\u6c14\u85cf\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5730\u8d28\u7279\u5f81
2.1\u3000\u50a8\u5c42\u7269\u6027\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u5f81\u6768\u575a\u7b49\uff0c\u65b0\u7586\u5854\u91cc\u6728\u76c6\u5730\u5df4\u4ec0\u6258\u6c14\u7530\u5f00\u53d1\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u7814\u7a76\uff0c1999.8\uff0c\u897f\u5317\u77f3\u6cb9\u5c40\u89c4\u5212\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u3002
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2.2\u3000\u6d41\u4f53\u6027\u8d28
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2.3\u3000\u6c14\u85cf\u7c7b\u578b\u53ca\u9a71\u52a8\u80fd\u91cf
\u6839\u636e3\u53e3\u4e95\u7684\u538b\u529b\u6570\u636e\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u6c14\u85cf\u5730\u5c42\u538b\u529b\u7cfb\u6570\u8fbe1.51\uff0c\u5c5e\u5f02\u5e38\u9ad8\u538b\uff0c2\u53e3\u4e95\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u672a\u89c1\u6c34\u30011\u53e3\u4e95\u7684\u8bd5\u91c7\u4ec5\u542b\u5c11\u91cf\u6c34\u4e14\u6bd4\u8f83\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ece\u5730\u8d28\u6210\u85cf\u89d2\u5ea6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6c14\u85cf\u5468\u56f4\u4e3a\u6e17\u900f\u7387\u6781\u5dee\u7684\u5ca9\u5c42\u6240\u5305\u56f4\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u5f02\u5e38\u9ad8\u538b\uff0c\u6c14\u85cf\u5c01\u95ed\u6027\u5f88\u597d\u3002\u6c14\u85cf\u9a71\u52a8\u7c7b\u578b\u6709\u5f39\u6027\u6c14\u9a71\u548c\u5f31\u5f39\u6027\u6c34\u9a71\uff0c\u8d77\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u662f\u524d\u8005\u3002
\u7efc\u5408\u8be5\u6c14\u85cf\u7684\u6784\u9020\u3001\u50a8\u5c42\u3001\u538b\u529b\u548c\u9a71\u52a8\u7c7b\u578b\u4ee5\u53ca\u6d41\u4f53\u7684\u7ec4\u5206\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u53ef\u786e\u5b9a\u5df4\u4ec0\u6258\u5c0f\u6d77\u5b50\u7ec4\u4e0a\u6cb9\u6c14\u5c42\u7684\u6c14\u85cf\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a\uff1a\u5c42\u72b6\u4f4e\u6e17\u5b54\u9699\u578b\u78b3\u9178\u76d0\u5ca9\u3001\u5f39\u6027\u6c14\u9a71\u65e0\u6cb9\u73af\u9ad8\u538b\u51dd\u6790\u6c14\u85cf\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u4e3a\uff1a\u4f4e\u6e17\u6c14\u9a71\u9ad8\u538b\u51dd\u6790\u6c14\u85cf\u3002
3\u3000\u5df4\u4ec0\u6258\u5c0f\u6d77\u5b50\u7ec4\u4ea7\u80fd\u7279\u5f81\u7814\u7a76
3.1\u3000\u4ea7\u80fd\u5206\u6790
\u8be5\u6c14\u85cf\u81ea1994\uff5e1999\u5e74\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u4e09\u53e3\u4e95\u8fdb\u884c\u4e864\u6b21\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u53ca\u8bd5\u4e95\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u6e17\u900f\u7387\u89c1\u88681\u3002
\u88681\u3000\u5df4\u4ec0\u6258\u5c0f\u6d77\u5b50\u7ec4\u6c14\u85cf\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6210\u679c\u3000Table1\u3000Testing of gas pool in Xiaohaizi formation,Boshituo
\u7531\u8868\u4e2d\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u77e5\u8be5\u6c14\u85cf\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u8f83\u4e3a\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff1a
\uff081\uff09\u5404\u4e95\u751f\u4ea7\u538b\u5dee\u666e\u904d\u5f88\u5927\u3001\u6709\u6548\u6e17\u900f\u7387\u5f88\u4f4e\uff0c\u4ec5\uff080.15\uff5e2.06\uff09\u00d710-3\u03bcm2\uff0c\u5c5e\u4f4e\u2014\u7279\u4f4e\u6e17\u6c14\u85cf\u3002
\uff082\uff09\u65f6\u95f4\u8f83\u77ed\u7684DST\uff08\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff09\u6d4b\u5f97\u7684\u6c14\u4ea7\u91cf\u8fdc\u8fdc\u5730\u4f4e\u4e8e\u65f6\u95f4\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6240\u6d4b\u5f97\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6c14\u4ea7\u91cf\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u6c14\u85cf\u5728\u5f00\u4e95\u7684\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u4ea7\u91cf\u8f83\u9ad8\u4f46\u5f88\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fc5\u901f\u7684\u9012\u51cf\u662f\u7531\u6c14\u85cf\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u9ad8\u538b\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u7a33\u5b9a\u4ea7\u91cf\u5f88\u4f4e\u4e0e\u50a8\u5c42\u7684\u4f4e\u6e17\u6709\u5173\u3002
\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5730\u5bf9MK1\u4e95\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8d44\u6599\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5bf9\u5176\u4ea7\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002\u8be5\u4e95\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8d44\u6599\u89c1\u88682\u3002\u5206\u522b\u7528\u4e8c\u9879\u5f0f\u548c\u6307\u6570\u5f0f\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u62df\u5408\uff0c\u62df\u5408\u56fe\u89c1\u56fe1\u3001\u56fe2\uff0c\u62df\u5408\u7ed3\u679c\u5217\u4e8e\u88683\u3002\u8868\u4e2d\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f88\u76f8\u8fd1\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u6307\u6570\u5f0f\u7684IPR\u66f2\u7ebf\u89c1\u56fe3\u3002
\u7531IPR\u66f2\u7ebf\u56fe\u53ef\u77e5\u8be5\u6c14\u85cf\u6c14\u4e95\u7684\u4ea7\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7279\u6027\uff1a
\u88682\u3000MK1\u4e95\u7cfb\u7edf\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6570\u636e\u3000Table2\u3000The datas of systemic test of well MK1
\u88683\u3000\u4ea7\u80fd\u65b9\u7a0b\u62df\u5408\u7ed3\u679c\u3000Table2\u3000The datas of systemic test of well MK1Table3 The simulative results of producing equation
\u56fe1\u3000\u4e8c\u9879\u5f0f\u4ea7\u80fd\u65b9\u7a0b\u62df\u5408\u56fe\u3000Fig.1\u3000The simulative chart of binomial producing capability
\u8fbe\u897f\u6d41\u52a8\u6bb5\u5f88\u957f\u3002\u5728\u4ea7\u91cf\u4e3a30000\uff5e35000m3/d\u4ee5\u524d\u66f2\u7ebf\u5747\u5448\u8fd1\u4f3c\u76f4\u7ebf\u72b6\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u6c14\u4f53\u6e17\u6d41\u4ee5\u8fbe\u897f\u6d41\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u800c\u5411\u975e\u8fbe\u897f\u6d41\u8fc7\u6e21\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u62d0\u70b9\u572840000m3/d\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5f88\u63a5\u8fd1\u65e0\u963b\u6d41\u91cf\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u6c14\u4e95\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u538b\u5dee\u7ea6\u5c0f\u4e8e35\uff5e40MPa\u4ee5\u524d\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u6e17\u6d41\u9075\u5faa\u8fbe\u897f\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u6c14\u4f53\u7531\u4e8e\u7c98\u5ea6\u4f4e\u3001\u6d41\u901f\u5feb\u4f7f\u5f97\u6469\u64e6\u963b\u529b\u6210\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u6d41\u52a8\u963b\u529b\u4e4b\u4e00\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u8fbe\u897f\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u800c\u8be5\u6c14\u85cf\u6b63\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ea7\u91cf\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e\u65e0\u963b\u6d41\u91cf\u65f6\u624d\u8fdb\u5165\u975e\u8fbe\u897f\u6d41\u6bb5\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u65e0\u963b\u6d41\u91cf\u4e5f\u5f88\u4f4e\u3002\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u50a8\u5c42\u6e17\u900f\u7387\u7279\u4f4e\u800c\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6c14\u85cf\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u65f6\u5408\u7406\u4ea7\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e3a\u65e0\u963b\u6d41\u91cf\u76841/2\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u9ad8\u30023.2\u3000\u751f\u4ea7\u7279\u5f81
\u56fe2\u3000\u6307\u6570\u5f0f\u4ea7\u80fd\u65b9\u7a0b\u62df\u5408\u56fe\u3000Fig.2\u3000The simulative chart of exponential producing equation
\u56fe3\u3000M10\u4e95IPR\u66f2\u7ebf\u56fe\u3000Fig.3\u3000The IPR cure of well M10
MK2\u4e95\u81ea1996\u5e7410\u6708\u81f31997\u5e7412\u6708\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8bd5\u91c7\uff0c\u56fe4\u4e3a\u8be5\u4e95\u7684\u8bd5\u91c7\u66f2\u7ebf\u3002\u8bd5\u91c7\u521d\u671f\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u4ea7\u91cf\u9012\u51cf\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u8f83\u5feb\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u521d\u671f\u538b\u964d\u7684\u4f20\u9012\u662f\u5904\u4e8e\u4e0d\u7a33\u6001\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u5927\u4f5c\u7528\u9636\u6bb5\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002\u4ece\u603b\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u60c5\u51b5\u770b\u8be5\u4e95\u7684\u4ea7\u91cf\u548c\u4e95\u53e3\u538b\u529b\u5747\u6709\u5f02\u5e38\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9\uff1a
\uff081\uff09\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u521d\u671f5mm\u6cb9\u5634\u6362\u62104mm\u6cb9\u5634\u540e\uff0c\u4e95\u53e3\u538b\u529b\u5e76\u672a\u4e0a\u5347\u53cd\u800c\u4e0b\u964d\u3002
\uff082\uff09\u4e95\u53e3\u538b\u529b\u57281997\u5e742\u6708\u4e0b\u964d\u5230\u7ea64 MPa\u65f6\u8d8b\u4e8e\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5206\u522b\u57285\u6708\u548c12\u6708\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u7a81\u7136\u4e0b\u6389\u7684\u53f0\u9636\u3002\u4f34\u968f\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u53f0\u9636\uff0c\u6cb9\u4ea7\u91cf\u4e5f\u6709\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u5728\u4e24\u53f0\u9636\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea7\u91cf\u548c\u538b\u529b\u8f83\u4e3a\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002
\uff083\uff09\u8be5\u4e95\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\u7684\u4ea7\u91cf\u548c\u538b\u529b\u6570\u636e\u8f831995\u5e7410\u6708\u7684\u5b8c\u4e95\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65f6\u7684\u503c\u8981\u4f4e\u7684\u591a\u3002
\u56fe4\u3000MK2\u4e95\u8bd5\u91c7\u66f2\u7ebf\u3000Fig.3\u3000The IPR cure of well M10Fig.4The preproducing cure of well MK2
\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f02\u5e38\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u8be5\u6cb9\u85cf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u663e\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u6c14\u85cf\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u9ad8\u538b\u548c\u4f4e\u6e17\u4f7f\u5f97\u6c14\u4e95\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u521d\u671f\u4ea7\u91cf\u548c\u538b\u529b\u5747\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u5448\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u521d\u671f\u4ea7\u91cf\u8f83\u7a33\u5b9a\u540e\u4ea7\u91cf\u8981\u9ad8\u51fa\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9ad8\u4e8e\u65e0\u963b\u6d41\u91cf\u3002\u800c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\u5f53\u6cb9\u5634\u653e\u5927\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u540e\u4fbf\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u8d77\u5230\u653e\u5927\u538b\u5dee\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6c14\u4ea7\u91cf\u4e5f\u7a33\u5b9a\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u8bc4\u4ef7\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6c14\u4e95\u7684\u4ea7\u80fd\u65f6\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u642c\u7528\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u8981\u7efc\u5408\u8003\u8651\u6c14\u85cf\u7684\u538b\u529b\u3001\u50a8\u5c42\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5206\u6790\u65e0\u963b\u6d41\u91cf\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u786e\u5b9a\u5408\u7406\u7684\u4ea7\u91cf\u800c\u4e0d\u53d7\u4e00\u822c\u7406\u8bba\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u675f\u7f1a\u3002
4\u3000\u5df4\u4ec0\u6258\u5c0f\u6d77\u5b50\u7ec4\u6c14\u85cf\u9178\u538b\u7279\u5f81
\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8be5\u6c14\u85cf\u50a8\u5c42\u9ad8\u5b54\u9699\u5ea6\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u53c2\u7167\u5176\u5b83\u6c14\u7530\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8be5\u6c14\u85cf\u7ecf\u9178\u538b\u6539\u9020\u4f1a\u6709\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u4f30\u7b97\u5355\u4e95\u4ea7\u91cf\u4f1a\u589e\u52a04\u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u9ea610\u4e95\u8fdb\u884c\u50a8\u5c42\u9178\u538b\u6539\u9020\u3002\u9178\u538b\u524d\u540e\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u6307\u6807\u5bf9\u6bd4\u89c1\u88684\u3002
\u88684\u3000MK1\u4e95\u9178\u538b\u524d\u540e\u751f\u4ea7\u6307\u6807\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3000Table4\u3000The comparison of the production quota before and after well MK1 acid fracturing treatment
\u7531\u8868\u4e2d\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u9178\u538b\u6548\u679c\u6bd4\u9884\u671f\u7684\u8981\u5dee\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u751f\u4ea7\u538b\u5dee\u4e0b\u9178\u538b\u540e\u7684\u6c14\u4ea7\u91cf\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86 1.5\u500d\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u9178\u538b\u524d\u540e\u751f\u4ea7\u538b\u5dee\u53d8\u5316\u8f83\u5927\u30024mm\u6cb9\u5634\u538b\u5dee\u51cf\u5c0f\u4e8676\uff05\uff0823.42MPa\uff09,5mm\u6cb9\u5634\u51cf\u5c0f\u4e8666.86%(28.0MPa\uff09\u3002\u800c\u76f8\u5e94\u6c14\u4ea7\u91cf\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u5374\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9178\u538b\u540e\u8be5\u4e95\u7684\u91c7\u6c14\u6307\u6570\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u9178\u538b\u4f5c\u7528\u5bf9\u50a8\u5c42\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u6539\u5584\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u5f53\u6cb9\u5634\u653e\u5927\u52306mm\u65f6\u538b\u529b\u548c\u91c7\u6cb9\u6307\u6570\u624d\u6709\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u867d\u8f83\u9178\u538b\u524d\u6709\u6240\u6539\u5584\u4f46\u4e5f\u8bf4\u660e\u9178\u538b\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u80fd\u91cf\u4f9b\u7ed9\u8ddf\u4e0d\u4e0a\u3002
\u7ecf\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u77e5\u8be5\u6c14\u85cf\u9178\u538b\u6548\u679c\u8f83\u9884\u671f\u5dee\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u50a8\u5c42\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002\u524d\u5df2\u8ff0\u53ca\uff0c\u6c14\u85cf\u50a8\u5c42\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u5fae\u6676\u95f4\u5b54\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u5b54\u9699\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u4ec5\u6709\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u5370\u6a21\u5b54\u8f83\u5927\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u51b3\u5b9a\u50a8\u5c42\u6e17\u900f\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5b54\u9699\u5589\u9053\u7684\u76f4\u5f84\u4e5f\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u8d77\u8fde\u901a\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u88c2\u7f1d\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u5f88\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u5fae\u5c0f\u88c2\u7f1d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9178\u538b\u5373\u4f7f\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u88c2\u7f1d\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5b54\u9699\u76f4\u5f84\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u5589\u9053\u7a84\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7684\u4f7f\u6d41\u4f53\u5411\u88c2\u7f1d\u4f9b\u7ed9\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u50a8\u5c42\u7684\u5b54\u9699\u5ea6\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u76f4\u5f84\u7684\u5b54\u9699\uff0c\u9178\u538b\u88c2\u7f1d\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u53c8\u6709\u9650\u4f7f\u5f97\u80fd\u91cf\u4f9b\u7ed9\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u6301\u4e45\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u5f00\u53d1\u89c4\u5212\u548c\u4ea7\u80fd\u9884\u6d4b\u65f6\u5e94\u9488\u5bf9\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u50a8\u5c42\u5730\u8d28\u7279\u5f81\u5177\u4f53\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u7167\u642c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6807\u51c6\u3002
5\u3000\u4e3b\u8981\u7ed3\u8bba\u548c\u8ba4\u8bc6
\uff081\uff09\u201c\u9ad8\u5b54\u4f4e\u6e17\u201d\u9ad8\u538b\u6c14\u85cf\u521d\u671f\u4ea7\u91cf\u4e0e\u7a33\u5b9a\u4ea7\u91cf\u5dee\u522b\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u8f83\u540e\u8005\u6700\u5927\u53ef\u9ad8\u51fa\u8fd1\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\uff0c\u8981\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4ea7\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u7efc\u5408\u5206\u6790\u3002
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Producing Capability Research for Gas Pool of Dolomite Formation With High Porosity and Low Permeability
Yang Jian\u3000Zhao Yiyong\u3000Zhang Yunzhi
(Academy of Designing and planning,Northwest Bureau of Petroleum Geology,Ur\u00fcmqi 830011)
Abstract:The gas pool of high porosity and low permeability is very singular due to particularity of genesis of reservoir.Diagnostic understands on producing capability of the gas pool is few,too.The author makes use of preproduction and testing information of Bashituo Xiaohaizi formation to analyze variation rule of producing capability of gas well and creative index about the gas field,and sums up that the gas pool possesses sufficient energy,but its gas producing rates is quick descending,and so makes the question that the reserves is difficulty exploited because of low-lying producing capability. By analysis testing data of acidizing and pressure crack fore-and-aft on MK1 bore,the author thinks that impact of acidizing and pressure crack is inconspicuous to heighten producing capability of gas well in the gas field,and more further explains the singular circus from peculiarity of reservoir's genesis. All exploitation of the gas pool of high porosity and low permeability cannot be heightened producing capability as some literature have explained,which only employ transform of formation by acidizing and pressure crack,but mainly lies on reservoir pore-texture's characteristics.
Key words:high porosity and low perneability producing capability
钱 星
(广州海洋地质调查局 广州 510760)
作者简介:钱星(1985—),男,助理工程师,主要从事海洋石油地质方面的科研及生产工作。E-mail:made607@126.com。
摘要 南海东部某油田沙河街组储集层岩石结构复杂,层间差异明显,总体上为低孔低渗型储集层,使用传统的油气测井评价方法解释精度往往较低,常常造成油气层的漏解释或者误解释。依据岩心物性、毛管压力曲线等实验分析数据,以测井相分析为手段和桥梁对储集层进行分类分析,提出了以沉积微相砂体分类为单元的精细测井评价方法。应用此方法对该油田实际井进行测井解释结果表明,以该方法建立的测井解释模型具有较高的精度,为进一步提高储量计算和储集层表征的准确性奠定了基础。
关键词 低孔低渗储集层 沉积微相 孔隙结构 精细测井解
1 引言
储集层参数模型的精度直接影响着储量计算和储集层表征的准确性。低孔低渗油气藏与中高孔渗油气藏的储层特性有许多不同,一般具有孔隙结构复杂、喉道细小、束缚水饱和度高[1~3]等特点。
常见的针对低孔低渗储层参数模型的研究思路主要以细分储集层类型来研究岩电参数规律,从而达到提高储集层参数模型精度的目的[4~9]。大量的研究表明,在测井精细解释的过程中,有效的对储集层进行分类分析是提高解释精度的有效手段。周灿灿等[10]依据岩石物理理论,提出岩石相控建模的概念对近源砂岩进行有效分类;张龙海等[11]以地层流动带指数和储集层品质指数来研究岩石物理分类的有效方法;这些分类方法对储层参数模型建模都具有一定的实际指导意义。
南海东部某油田沙河街组储层孔隙度平均值一般小于20%,渗透率平均值小于50×10-3μm2,为典型的低孔低渗储层[12],其储层质量主要受原始沉积环境和成岩作用所控制[13~17]。
纵观低孔低渗储层成因的各因素,结合研究区低孔低渗储层成因特点,本文试以沉积微相分类为思路来细分储集层,使得测井解释岩电参数模型更加准确,从而达到对该地区低孔低渗储集层进行精细测井解释之目的。
2 低孔低渗储层与沉积相带之间的关系
南海东部某油田沙河街组沙二段为扇三角洲沉积,主要为扇三角洲前缘亚相,进一步可分为水下分流河道、水下分流河道间、河口坝和远砂坝微相;沙三段为较深水湖泊环境下的浊积扇沉积,发育有扇根、扇中、扇前缘亚相,其沙河街组沉积分析综合柱状图如图1所示[18~19]。
依据常规物性分析数据,对各微相砂体的孔隙度和渗透率统计分析表明(图2):沙三段各微相砂体总体上表现为低孔低渗的物性特征,其中,扇根砂体孔隙度分布范围7.9%~16.9%,平均13.3%,渗透率分布范围0.01~39.9 mD,平均1.19 mD;扇主体砂体孔隙度分布范围3.8%~17.0%,平均13.0%,渗透率分布范围0.05~49.7 mD,平均4.0 mD;扇前缘砂体孔隙度分布范围1.7%~14.2%,平均4.6%,渗透率分布范围0.01~42.1 mD,平均1.07 mD。沙二段水下分流河道砂体孔隙度分布范围4.5%~24%,平均13.17%,渗透率分布范围0.005~466.5 mD,平均42.89 mD,表现为中低孔渗;河口坝砂体孔隙度分布范围5.2%~12.6%,平均8.93%,渗透率分布范围0.006~0.43mD,平均0.09 mD,与沙三段各微相砂体一样,表现为低孔渗的物性特征。
由此可见,沉积作用的差异使得各微相砂体储层物性不同,研究区低孔低渗储层主要发育于扇三角洲沉积的河口坝及近岸水下扇沉积的扇根、扇主体、扇前缘砂体之中。
3 各沉积微相砂体的孔隙结构特征
在对该油田各井测井相分析的基础上,依据毛管压力实验分析数据,对具有不同物性特征的各微相砂体其孔隙结构进行分析,根据毛管压力曲线的主要特征,其孔隙结构可分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ四种类型(图3),其中水下分流河道砂体主要以I、Ⅱ类为主,Ⅰ类曲线排驱压力较低,小于0.2 MPa,最大进汞饱和度大于80%,喉道半径分布大于1.0 μm,喉道相对较大,分选较好,为细喉;Ⅱ类曲线排驱压力介于0.2~0.5MPa之间,最大进汞饱和度大于60%,喉道半径为0.25~1.0μm,喉道细小,分选较差,为特细喉。
而具有低孔渗物性的河口坝、扇根、扇中及扇前缘砂体则主要以Ⅲ、Ⅳ类为主,Ⅲ类曲线排驱压力介于0.5~1.0 MPa之间,最大进汞饱和度小于60%,喉道半径峰值一般都小于0.1~0.25μm,孔喉特别微细,但是分选中等,细歪度的喉道,流通性能较好,属于微细喉;Ⅳ类曲线毛管压力曲线近直立,排驱压力大于1.0 MPa,最大进汞饱和度一般小于50%,在仪器压力范围内读不出中值毛管压力,表示岩石渗流能力极差,喉道半径峰值小于0.1μm,属于特微喉。
由上分析不难看出,在一定的沉积环境背景下,各微相砂体与储层的孔隙结构类型有较好的对应关系,在研究层段主要表现同一微相砂体其孔隙结构具有相似性,不同微相砂体之间孔隙结构特征差异明显的规律。
图1 沙河街组沉积相分析综合柱状图(据杨玉卿[20]修改)
4 在南海东部某油田中的应用
众所周知,在储集层评价中,孔隙结构分析是储集层微观物理研究的核心,不论是砂岩还是碳酸岩,其孔隙、喉道类型以及它们的配合情况,与储集层的物理特性和储集性能有密切关系。对于低孔渗储层中孔隙结构的评价则显得更加重要,其孔隙、喉道的大小、分布以及几何形状不但是影响储层储集能力和渗透特征的主要因素,而且也是影响测井解释评价精度的关键。
图2 各微相砂体储层孔隙度-渗透率关系图
图3 毛管压力曲线类型
在测井解释过程中,常受实际条件的限制,取心段往往较少且分布不均,储层的物性、孔隙结构、岩电参数等实验分析数据有限,分析所得的测井解释参数往往不能较完整的对全区域、全井段储层有所反映。在已知沉积背景的情况下,测井相的划分和分类分析则为解决这一实际难题带来了可能,测井曲线是地层岩性的地球物理响应,相同的微相砂体其地球物理特征具有一定的相似性,以测井相为手段和桥梁,通过研究有分析数据的各微相砂体的孔隙结构特征,进而对相似的砂体间接进行孔隙结构分析,最终研究不同孔隙类型储层的岩电参数变化规律,从而根据地质成因和孔隙结构类型来视储层不同而分开选择参数模型,进而达到对全井段的精细测井解释之目的。
阿尔奇公式是利用电阻率曲线计算含油饱和度的经典方法,公式 中解释参数a、b、n、m的选取对解释结果往往有较大的影响。其中a、b(岩性系数)为与岩性有关的参数,取值一般接近于1;n(饱和度指数)定义了含水饱和度间与储层电性特征间的数量关系;m(胶结指数)表现为地下地质体的一种综合响应,是反映储集层孔隙结构的参数,对孔隙结构具有非均质性的储集层常常变化较大。
针对研究区不同微相砂体储集层孔隙结构具有差异性这一特点,在本次解释中,对不同孔隙结构类型的储层分类分析了其孔隙度与各岩电参数a、b、m、n的变化规律(图4)。分析结果表明,储层的孔隙结构类型和特征对m值的变化起了主导作用,低孔渗储层段胶结指数与孔隙度表现出较好的相关性,非低孔低渗储层段胶结指数m与孔隙度等参数之间则没有明显规律,最终其参数选择见表1。
表1 不同类型储层的a、b、m、n参数值
最终,利用上述方法,对研究区X井沙河街组沙三段的低孔低渗储层段进行了实测井解释,发现了一系列的可能存在的低孔低渗型油气藏,测井解释成图如图5所示。
5 结论
依据实验分析数据,以测井相为手段和桥梁,对南海东部某油田沙河街组储集层分类分析,针对不同孔隙结构类型的储集层选择不同的岩电参数分类进行测井建模解释,可较好地改善和提高低孔低渗储层测井解释的准确性。
图4 不同类型储层孔隙度与m值变化关系
图5 测井解释成果
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Fine logging interpretation of the low porosity & low permeability reservoir ——By a case study of anoilfield in the east of South Sea of China
Qian Xing
(Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey,Guangzhou,5 10760)
Abstract:It one-sided or wrongly explains about oil andgas layer by using traditional oil and gaswell logging evaluation because of low porosity and low permeability reservoir as the Shahejie For-mation reservoir texture is complex and different obviously between the layer in an oilfield in theeast of South Sea of China.A more accurate Log Evaluation method of classifying sedimentary mi-cro-faces is proposed by analyzing well logging faces and reservoir bed according to some experi-ments’ data such as core properties experiment or capillary pressure curves experiment.It showsthat the logging interpretation model is more accurate by applying this method to log explanation ofoil field real well,therefore it establishes a theory foundation of more accurate reserve calculationand reservoir charaeterization.
Key words:Low porosity &low permeability reservoir Sedimentary microfaciesPore structure Fine logging interpretation
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