求初一比较重要的英语语法。 初一下学期最重要的英语语法

\u6c42\u4e00\u4e9b\u521d\u4e00\u82f1\u8bed\u8bed\u6cd5\u70b9\u3002

\u4ee3\u8bcd

\u4ee3\u8bcd\u662f\u4ee3\u66ff\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8bcd\u7c7b\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4ee3\u8bcd\u5177\u6709\u540d\u8bcd\u548c\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u4ee3\u8bcd\uff0c\u6309\u5176\u610f\u4e49\u3001\u7279\u5f81\u53ca\u5728\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5206\u4e3a\uff1a\u4eba\u79f0\u4ee3\u8bcd\u3001\u7269\u4e3b\u4ee3\u8bcd\u3001\u6307\u793a\u4ee3\u8bcd\u3001\u81ea\u8eab\u4ee3\u8bcd\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u4ee3\u8bcd\u3001\u7591\u95ee\u4ee3\u8bcd\u3001\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3\u8bcd\u548c\u4e0d\u5b9a\u4ee3\u8bcd\u516b\u79cd\u3002


\u4e00\u3001\u4eba\u79f0\u4ee3\u8bcd\u662f\u8868\u793a"\u6211"\u3001"\u4f60"\u3001"\u4ed6"\u3001"\u5979"\u3001"\u5b83"\u3001
"\u6211\u4eec"\u3001"\u4f60\u4eec"\u3001"\u4ed6\u4eec"\u7684\u8bcd\u3002\u4eba\u79f0\u4ee3\u8bcd\u6709\u4eba\u79f0\u3001\u6570\u548c\u683c\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u89c1\u4e0b\u8868\uff1a

\u6570 \u5355\u6570 \u590d\u6570
\u683c \u4e3b\u683c \u5bbe\u683c \u4e3b\u683c \u5bbe\u683c
\u7b2c\u4e00\u4eba\u79f0 I me we us
\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4eba\u79f0 you you you you
he him they them
\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0 she her they them
it it they them

\u5982\uff1aHe is my friend. \u4ed6\u662f\u6211\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u3002
It\u2019s me. \u662f\u6211\u3002


\u4e8c\u3001 \u7269\u4e3b\u4ee3\u8bcd\u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4ee3\u8bcd\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u53eb\u505a\u4ee3\u8bcd\u6240\u6709\u683c\u3002\u7269\u4e3b\u4ee3\u8bcd\u5206\u5f62\u5bb9\u6027\u7269\u4e3b\u4ee3\u8bcd\u548c\u540d\u8bcd\u6027\u7269\u4e3b\u4ee3\u8bcd\u4e8c\u79cd\uff0c\u5176\u4eba\u7269\u548c\u6570\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u89c1\u4e0b\u8868\u3002


\u6570 \u5355\u6570 \u590d\u6570
\u4eba\u79f0 \u7b2c\u4e00 \u7b2c\u4e8c \u7b2c\u4e09 \u7b2c\u4e00 \u7b2c\u4e8c \u7b2c\u4e09
\u4eba\u79f0 \u4eba\u79f0 \u4eba\u79f0 \u4eba\u79f0 \u4eba\u79f0 \u4eba\u79f0
\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u6027 my your his/her its our your/their
\u7269\u4e3b\u4ee3\u8bcd

\u540d\u8bcd\u6027 mine yours his/hers its ours yours/theirs
\u7269\u4e3b\u4ee3\u8bcd

\u5982\uff1a I like his car.
\u6211\u559c\u6b22\u4ed6\u7684\u5c0f\u6c7d\u8f66\u3002
Our school is here\uff0cand theirs is there.
\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u5728\u8fd9\u513f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5728\u90a3\u513f\u3002


\u4e09\u3001 \u6307\u793a\u4ee3\u8bcd\u8868\u793a"\u90a3\u4e2a"\u3001"\u8fd9\u4e2a"\u3001"\u8fd9\u4e9b"\u3001"\u90a3\u4e9b"\u7b49\u6307\u793a\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u4ee3\u8bcd\u3002\u6307\u793a\u4ee3\u8bcd\u6709this\uff0cthat\uff0cthese\uff0cthose\u7b49\u3002
\u5982\uff1a That is a good idea. \u90a3\u662f\u4e2a\u597d\u4e3b\u610f\u3002


\u56db\u3001 \u8868\u793a"\u6211\u81ea\u5df1"\u3001"\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1"\u3001"\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1"\u3001"\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1"\u3001"\u4f60\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1"\u548c"\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1"\u7b49\u7684\u4ee3\u8bcd\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u81ea\u8eab\u4ee3\u8bcd\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a"\u53cd\u8eab\u4ee3\u8bcd"\u3002
\u5982\uff1a She was talking to herself. \u5979\u81ea\u8a00\u81ea\u8bed\u3002


\u4e94\u3001 \u8868\u793a\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4ee3\u8bcd\u53eb\u76f8\u4e92\u4ee3\u8bcd\uff0c\u6709each other&n bsp;\u548cone another\u4e24\u7ec4\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8fd0\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u7ec4\u8bcd\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b\u3002
\u5982\uff1a They love each other. \u4ed6\u4eec\u5f7c\u6b64\u76f8\u7231\u3002

\u516d\u3001 \u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u660e\u4ee3\u66ff\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5b9a\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u4ee3\u8bcd\u53eb\u505a\u4e0d\u5b9a\u4ee3\u8bcd\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4e0d\u5b9a\u4ee3\u8bcd\u6709a11\uff0cboth\uff0ceach\uff0cevery\u7b49\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u542b\u6709some-\uff0cany-\uff0cno-\u7b49\u7684\u5408\u6210\u4ee3\u8bcd\uff0c\u5982anybody\uff0c something\uff0cno one\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5b9a\u4ee3\u8bcd\u5927\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee3\u66ff\u540d\u8bcd\u548c\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\uff0c\u5728\u53e5\u4e2d\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u3001\u5bbe\u8bed\u3001\u8868\u8bed\u548c\u5b9a\u8bed\uff0c \u4f46none\u548c\u7531some\uff0cany\uff0cno\u7b49\u6784\u6210\u7684\u590d\u5408\u4e0d\u5b9a\u4ee3\u8bcd\u53ea\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u3001\u5bbe\u8bed\u6216\u8868\u8bed\uff1bevery\u548cno\u53ea\u80fd\u4f5c\u5b9a\u8bed\u3002\u5982\uff1a

--- Do you have a car? --\u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u8f86\u5c0f\u6c7d\u8f66\u5417\uff1f
--- Yes\uff0cI have one. --\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u6709\u4e00\u8f86\u3002
--- I don\u2019t know any of them. \u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u6211\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002


\u4e03\u3001 \u7591\u95ee\u4ee3\u8bcd\u6709who\uff0cwhom\uff0cwhose\uff0cwhat\u548cwhich\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u7528\u6765\u6784\u6210\u7279\u6b8a\u7591\u95ee\u53e5\u3002\u7591\u95ee\u4ee3\u8bcd\u90fd\u53ef\u7528\u4f5c\u8fde\u63a5\u4ee3\u8bcd\uff0c\u5f15\u5bfc\u540d\u8bcd\u6027\u4ece\u53e5\uff08\u4e3b\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u3001\u5bbe\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u548c\u8868\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff09
\u5982\uff1aTell me who he is. \u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4ed6\u662f\u8c01\u3002


\u516b\u3001 \u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3\u8bcd\u6709who\uff0cwhom\uff0cwhose\uff0cthat\uff0cwhich\uff0cas\u7b49\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4f5c\u5f15\u5bfc\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u5173\u8054\u8bcd\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u3001\u8868\u8bed\u3001\u5bbe\u8bed\u3001\u5b9a\u8bed\u7b49\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5b83\u4eec\u53c8\u4ee3\u8868\u4e3b\u53e5\u4e2d\u4e3a\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\u6240\u4fee\u9970\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u6216\u4ee3\u8bcd\uff08\u901a\u79f0\u4e3a\u5148\u884c\u8bcd\uff09\u3002
\u5982\uff1a He is the man whom you have been looking for. \u4ed6\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u8981\u627e\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002





3.1 \u4eba\u79f0\u4ee3\u8bcd\u7684\u7528\u6cd5

1\uff09\u4eba\u79f0\u4ee3\u8bcd\u7684\u4e3b\u683c\u5728\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u6216\u4e3b\u8bed\u8865\u8bed\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
John waited a while but eventually he went home.
\u7ea6\u7ff0\u7b49\u4e86\u4e00\u4f1a\u513f\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4ed6\u56de\u5bb6\u4e86\u3002
John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.
\u7ea6\u7ff0\u5e0c\u671b\u90a3\u4f4d\u4e58\u5ba2\u662f\u739b\u4e3d\uff0c\u8fd8\u771f\u662f\u5979\u3002

\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u5728\u590d\u5408\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u53e5\u548c\u4ece\u53e5\u4e3b\u8bed\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4ee3\u8bcd\u4e3b\u8bed\u8981\u7528\u5728\u4ece\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u540d\u8bcd\u4e3b\u8bed\u7528\u5728\u4e3b\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.
\u7ea6\u7ff0\u4e00\u5230\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u53bb\u94f6\u884c\u4e86\u3002

2\uff09\u4eba\u79f0\u4ee3\u8bcd\u7684\u5bbe\u683c\u5728\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8bed\u6216\u4ecb\u8bcd\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u53e3\u8bed\u4e2d\u4e5f\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u8865\u8bed\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4eba\u79f0\u5728\u7701\u7565\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.
\u6211\u770b\u5230\u5979\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5979\u3002\uff08her\u505a\u5bbe \u8bed\uff0cthem\u505a\u4ecb\u8bcd\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0cher\u505a\u4e3b\u8bed\u8865\u8bed\uff09
a. -- Who broke the& nbsp;vase? --\u8c01\u6253\u788e\u4e86\u82b1\u74f6\uff1f
b. -- Me. --\u6211\u3002\uff08me\u505a\u4e3b\u8bed\u8865\u8bed= It\u2019s me.\uff09

\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u4e24\u4f8b\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0cher\u548cme\u5206\u522b\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u8865\u8bed\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u591a\u7528\u5bbe\u683c\uff0c\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u6587\u4f53\u4e2d\u8fd9\u91cc\u5e94\u4e3ashe\u548cI\u3002


3.2 \u4eba\u79f0\u4ee3\u8bcd\u4e4b\u4e3b\u3001\u5bbe\u683c\u7684\u66ff\u6362

1) \u5bbe\u683c\u4ee3\u66ff\u4e3b\u683c
a.\u5728\u7b80\u77ed\u5bf9\u8bdd\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u4eba\u79f0\u4ee3\u8bcd\u5355\u72ec\u4f7f\u7528\u6216\u5728not \u540e\uff0c\u591a\u7528\u5bbe\u8bed\u3002
---- I like English. --\u6211\u559c\u6b22\u82f1\u8bed\u3002
---- Me too. --\u6211\u4e5f\u559c\u6b22\u3002
---- Have more wine? --\u518d\u6765\u70b9\u9152\u559d\u5417?
---- Not me. --\u6211\u53ef\u4e0d\u8981\u4e86\u3002


b.\u5728\u8868\u793a\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u5bbe\u683c\u4ee3\u66ff\u4e3b\u683c\u3002 \u4f46\u5982\u679c\u6bd4\u8f83\u72b6\u8bed\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u4fdd\u7559\uff0c\u5219\u4e3b\u8bed\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u4e3b\u683c\u3002
He is taller than I/me.
He is taller than I am.

2) \u4e3b\u683c\u4ee3\u66ff\u5bbe\u683c
a. \u5728\u4ecb\u8bcdbut\uff0cexcept \u540e\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u53ef\u7528\u4e3b\u683c\u4ee3\u66ff\u5bbe\u683c\u3002


b. \u5728\u7535\u8bdd\u7528\u8bed\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u4e3b\u683c\u3002
---- I wish to speak to Mary. --\u6211\u60f3\u548c\u739b\u4e3d\u901a\u8bdd\u3002
---- This is she. --\u6211\u5c31\u662f\u739b\u4e3d\u3002


\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5728\u52a8\u8bcdbe \u6216to be \u540e\u7684\u4eba\u79f0\u4ee3\u8bcd\u89c6\u5176\u524d\u9762\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u6216\u4ee3\u8bcd\u800c\u5b9a\u3002
I thought it was she. \u6211\u4ee5\u4e3a\u662f\u5979\u3002 (\u4e3b\u683c----\u4e3b\u683c)
I thought it to be her. (\u5bbe\u683c----\u5bbe\u683c)
I was taken to be she. \u6211\u88ab\u5f53\u6210\u4e86\u5979\u3002 (\u4e3b\u683c----\u4e3b\u683c)
They took me to be her. \u4ed6\u4eec\u628a\u6211\u5f53\u6210\u4e86\u5979\u3002 (\u5bbe\u683c----\u5bbe\u683c)


3.3 \u4ee3\u8bcd\u7684\u6307\u4ee3\u95ee\u9898

1\uff09\u4e0d\u5b9a\u4ee3\u8bcd anybody\uff0ceverybody\uff0cnobody\uff0canyone\uff0c someone\uff0c everyone\uff0cno one\uff0c \u53cawhoever\u548cperson\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u573a\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u7528he, his, him\u4ee3\u66ff\u3002
Nobody came, did he? \u8c01\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6765\uff0c\u662f\u5417?


2\uff09\u52a8\u7269\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u6307\u4ee3\u4e00\u822c\u7528it\u6216they\u4ee3\u66ff\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u7528he, she\uff0c\u5e26\u6709\u4eb2\u5207\u7684\u611f\u60c5\u8272\u5f69\u3002
Give the cat some f ood. She is hungry. \u7ed9\u8fd9\u732b\u4e00\u4e9b\u5403\u7684\u3002\u5979\u997f\u4e86\u3002


\u795d\u4f60\u6210\u529f

\u8f6c\uff1a
\u4e00. \u8bcd\u6c47

\u2474 \u5355\u8bcd
1. \u4ecb\u8bcd\uff1ain, on, under, behind, near, at, of

1). in\u8868\u793a"\u5728\u2026\u2026\u4e2d"\uff0c "\u5728\u2026\u2026\u5185"\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
in our class \u5728\u6211\u4eec\u73ed\u4e0a
in my bag \u5728\u6211\u7684\u4e66\u5305\u91cc
in the desk \u5728\u684c\u5b50\u91cc
in the classroom \u5728\u6559\u5ba4\u91cc

2). on \u8868\u793a"\u5728\u2026\u2026\u4e0a"\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
on the wall \u5728\u5899\u4e0a
on the desk \u5728\u684c\u5b50\u4e0a
on the blackboard \u5728\u9ed1\u677f\u4e0a

3). under\u8868\u793a"\u5728\u2026\u2026\u4e0b"\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
under the tree \u5728\u6811\u4e0b
under the chair \u5728\u6905\u5b50\u4e0b
under the bed \u5728\u5e8a\u4e0b

4). behind\u8868\u793a"\u5728\u2026\u2026\u540e\u9762"\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
behind the door \u5728\u95e8\u540e
behind the tree \u5728\u6811\u540e

5). near\u8868\u793a"\u5728\u2026\u2026\u9644\u8fd1"\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
near the teacher's desk \u5728\u8bb2\u684c\u9644\u8fd1
near the bed \u5728\u5e8a\u9644\u8fd1

6). at\u8868\u793a"\u5728\u2026\u2026\u5904"\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
at school \u5728\u5b66\u6821
at home \u5728\u5bb6
at the door \u5728\u95e8\u53e3

7). of \u8868\u793a"\u2026\u2026\u7684"\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
a picture of our classroom \u6211\u4eec\u6559\u5ba4\u7684\u4e00\u5e45\u753b
a map of China \u4e00\u5f20\u4e2d\u56fd\u5730\u56fe

2. \u51a0\u8bcd a / an / the:

\u51a0\u8bcd\u4e00\u822c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6240\u9650\u5b9a\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u524d\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u7f72\u540d\u540d\u8bcd\u6240\u6307\u7684\u4eba\u6216\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u51a0\u8bcd\u6709\u4e0d\u5b9a\u51a0\u8bcd\u548c\u5b9a\u51a0\u8bcd\u4e24\u79cd\u3002\u4e0d\u5b9a\u51a0\u8bcd\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373a\u548can\u3002a\u7528\u5728\u4ee5\u8f85\u97f3\u97f3\u7d20\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u8bcd\u524d\uff0c\u5982a book; an\u7528\u5728\u4ee5\u5143\u97f3\u97f3\u7d20\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u524d\uff0c\u5982an apple.
a\u6216an\u4e0e\u53ef\u6570\u540d\u8bcd\u5355\u6570\u8fde\u7528\uff0c\u6cdb\u6307\u67d0\u7c7b\u4eba\u6216\u67d0\u7269\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002

This is a cat.
\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u53ea\u732b\u3002
It's an English book.
\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u82f1\u8bed\u4e66\u3002
His father is a worker.
\u4ed6\u7684\u7238\u7238\u662f\u4e2a\u5de5\u4eba\u3002

the\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5728\u53ef\u6570\u540d\u8bcd\u524d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5728\u4e0d\u53ef\u6570\u540d\u8bcd\u524d\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u67d0\u4e2a\u6216\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4eba\u6216\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u4e0a\u6587\u63d0\u5230\u8fc7\u7684\u4eba\u6216\u4e8b\u7269\u3002
Who's the boy in the hat?
\u6234\u5e3d\u5b50\u7684\u7537\u5b69\u662f\u8c01\u5440\uff1f
------ What can you see in the classroom?
------ I can see a bag.
------ Where's the bag?
------ It's on the desk.
------- \u4f60\u80fd\u5728\u6559\u5ba4\u91cc\u770b\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u5440\uff1f
------ \u6211\u80fd\u770b\u89c1\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e66\u5305\u3002
------ \u4e66\u5305\u5728\u54ea\u5440\uff1f
------ \u5728\u684c\u5b50\u4e0a\u3002

3.some\u548cany

\u2460\u5728\u80af\u5b9a\u53e5\u4e2d\u7528some.\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
There are some books on the desk.\u684c\u5b50\u4e0a\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e66\u3002
Lucy has some good books\u9732\u897f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u597d\u4e66\u3002

\u2461\u5728\u7591\u95ee\u53e5\u548c\u5426\u5b9a\u53e5\u4e2d\u7528any\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
Is there any ink in your pen?\u4f60\u7684\u94a2\u7b14\u91cc\u6709\u58a8\u6c34\u5417\uff1f
Do you have any brothers and sisters?\u4f60\u6709\u5144\u5f1f\u59d0\u59b9\u5417\uff1f
There isn't any water in the glass.\u676f\u5b50\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u6c34\u3002


\u2475\u8bb0\u4f4f\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u7528\u6cd5\u3002

\u2460some\u4ea6\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u76fc\u671b\u5f97\u5230\u5bf9\u65b9\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u7b54\u590d\u6216\u8868\u793a\u5efa\u8bae\u3001\u59d4\u5a49\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u7591\u95ee\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4e45\u5c31\u4f1a\u5b66\u5230\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
Would you like to have some apples?\u4f60\u60f3\u5403\u82f9\u679c\u5417\uff1f

\u2461any\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u80af\u5b9a\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u8868\u793a"\u4efb\u4f55\u7684"\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
Any one of us can do this.\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u4e2d\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u90fd\u80fd\u505a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u3002
some \u548cany\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u662f\u7ecf\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u8003\u70b9\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5927\u5bb6\u80fd\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u638c\u63e1\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u3002

4.family
family\u770b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u65f6\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f"\u5bb6\u5ead"\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcdbe\u7528\u5355\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f is \uff1b\u5982\u628afamily\u770b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bb6\u5ead\u6210\u5458\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u590d\u6570\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcdbe\u5e94\u7528are\u3002
My family is a big family. \u6211\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u662f\u4e2a\u5927\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002
My family are all at home now. \u6211\u7684\u5bb6\u4eba\u73b0\u5728\u90fd\u5728\u5bb6\u3002
Family\u5f3a\u8c03\u7531\u5bb6\u4eba\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u4f53\u6216\u5f3a\u8c03\u8fd9\u4e2a\u96c6\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u6210\u5458\u3002home\u6307\u4e2a\u4eba\u51fa\u751f\u3001\u88ab\u629a\u517b\u957f\u5927\u7684\u73af\u5883\u548c\u5c45\u4f4f\u5730\u70b9\u3002 house\u6307"\u5bb6"\u3001"\u623f\u5c4b"\uff0c\u4fa7\u91cd\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u672c\u8eab\u3002
His family are all workers. \u4ed6\u7684\u5bb6\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u5de5\u4eba\u3002
My home is in Beijing. \u6211\u7684\u5bb6\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u3002
He isn't at home now. \u4ed6\u73b0\u5728\u4e0d\u5728\u5bb6\u3002
It's a picture of my family. \u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u5f20\u6211\u5168\u5bb6\u7684\u7167\u7247\u3002

5. little\u7684\u7528\u6cd5
a little dog \u4e00\u53ea\u5c0f\u72d7\uff0ca little boy \u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7537\u5b69\u3002little\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u4fee\u9970\u6709\u751f\u547d\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u3002
*\u4f46little\u8fd8\u53ef\u8868\u793a\u5426\u5b9a\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u610f\u4e3a"\u5c11\u7684"\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0d\u53ef\u6570\u540d\u8bcd\u3002
There is little time. \u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u65f6\u95f4\u4e86\u3002
There is little water in the cup. \u676f\u4e2d\u6c34\u5f88\u5c11\u3002

\u2475 \u8bcd\u7ec4
on the desk \u5728\u684c\u5b50\u4e0a
behind the chair \u5728\u6905\u5b50\u540e
under the chair \u5728\u6905\u5b50\u4e0b\u9762
in her pencil-box \u5728\u5979\u7684\u94c5\u7b14\u76d2\u4e2d
near the door \u5728\u95e8\u9644\u8fd1
a picture of a classroom \u4e00\u4e2a\u6559\u5ba4\u7684\u56fe\u7247
look at the picture \u770b\u8fd9\u5f20\u56fe\u7247
the teacher's desk \u8bb2\u684c
a map of China \u4e00\u5f20\u4e2d\u56fd\u5730\u56fe
family tree \u5bb6\u8c31
have a seat \u5750\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c31\u5750
this way \u8fd9\u8fb9\u8d70


\u4e8c. \u65e5\u5e38\u7528\u8bed
1. Come and meet my family.

2. Go and see. I think it's Li Lei.

3. Glad to meet you.

4. What can you see in the picture?
I can see a clock / some books.

5. Can you see an orange?
Yes, I can. / No, I can't.

6. Where's Shenzhen?
It's near Hong Kong.

7. Let me see.\uff08\u53e3\u8bed\uff09\u8ba9\u6211\u60f3\u60f3\u770b\u3002
see \u5728\u8fd9\u662f"\u660e\u767d\u3001\u61c2\u4e86"\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u8bd1\u4f5c"\u770b\u89c1"\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a

8. Please have a seat.
seat\u8868\u793a"\u5ea7\u4f4d"\uff0c\u662f\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u3002have a seat\u8868\u793a"\u5c31\u5750"\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4take a seat, \u548csit down\u7684\u610f\u601d\u76f8\u540c\u3002


\u4e09. \u8bed\u6cd5

1. \u540d\u8bcd\u6240\u6709\u683c
\u540d\u8bcd\u5982\u8981\u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u540e\u9762\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u540d\u8bcd\u6240\u6709\u683c\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u610f\u4e3a"\u2026\u2026\u7684"\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a

\uff081\uff09. \u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5728\u8bcd\u5c3e\u52a0"'s"\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
Kate's father Kate\u7684\u7238\u7238
my mother's friend \u6211\u5988\u5988\u7684\u670b\u53cb

\uff082\uff09. \u5982\u679c\u590d\u6570\u540d\u8bcd\u4ee5s\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff0c\u53ea\u52a0"'"\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
Teachers' Day \u6559\u5e08\u8282
The boys' game \u7537\u5b69\u4eec\u7684\u6e38\u620f

\uff083\uff09. \u5982\u679c\u590d\u6570\u540d\u8bcd\u4e0d\u4ee5s\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff0c\u4ecd\u52a0"'s"\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
Children's Day \u513f\u7ae5\u8282
Women's Day \u5987\u5973\u8282

\uff084\uff09. \u8868\u793a\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u51e0\u4e2a\u5171\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u683c\u5e94\u52a0\u5728\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u4e0a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
Lucy and Lily's room Lucy \u548cLily\u7684\u623f\u95f4
Kate and Jim's father Kate \u548cJim\u7684\u7238\u7238

\u52a8\u7269\u548c\u65e0\u751f\u547d\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u6240\u6709\u683c\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u5728\u8bcd\u5c3e\u52a0"'s"\uff0c\u800c\u5e38\u5e38\u7528\u4ecb\u8bcdof\u7684\u77ed\u8bed\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002
a map of China \u4e00\u5e45\u4e2d\u56fd\u5730\u56fe
the name of her cat \u5979\u7684\u732b\u7684\u540d\u5b57
a picture of my family \u6211\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u4e00\u5f20\u7167\u7247
the door of the bedroom \u5367\u5ba4\u7684\u95e8

2. \u7948\u4f7f\u53e5
\u7948\u4f7f\u53e5\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u6765\u8868\u793a\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4eba\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u3001\u5efa\u8bae\u3001\u53ee\u5631\u7b49\u610f\u56fe\u3002\u7948\u4f7f\u53e5\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u7528\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u8bfb\u65f6\u7528\u964d\u8c03\u3002\u4e3a\u4f7f\u8bed\u6c14\u59d4\u5a49\u3001\u793c\u8c8c\uff0c\u5e38\u5728\u53e5\u9996\u6216\u53e5\u5c3e\u52a0please \u3002\u5728\u53e5\u5c3e\u65f6\uff0cplease\u524d\u591a\u7528\u9017\u53f7\u3002

\uff081\uff09. \u7948\u4f7f\u53e5\u80af\u5b9a\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e00\u5f8b\u7528\u52a8\u8bcd\u539f\u5f62\u3002
Go and see. \u53bb\u770b\u770b\u3002
Come in, please. \u8bf7\u8fdb\u3002

\uff082\uff09. \u7948\u4f7f\u53e5\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u5f62\u5f0f\u5e38\u7528don't\u4e8e\u53e5\u9996\u3002
Don't look at your books. \u4e0d\u8981\u770b\u4e66\u3002
Don't play on the road. \u4e0d\u8981\u5728\u9a6c\u8def\u4e0a\u73a9\u3002

3. There be \u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784

There be\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a"\u5b58\u5728"\u53e5\u578b\uff0c\u8868\u793a"\u6709"\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c
\u80af\u5b9a\u53e5\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1aThere be + \u540d\u8bcd\uff08\u5355\u6570\u6216\u590d\u6570\uff09+\u5730\u70b9\u72b6\u8bed\u6216\u65f6\u95f4\u72b6\u8bed\u3002
be\u52a8\u8bcd\u5355\u590d\u6570\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u770bbe\u540e\u8fb9\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u5f53\u6240\u63a5\u4e3b\u8bed\u4e3a\u5355\u6570\u6216\u4e0d\u53ef\u6570\u540d\u8bcd\u65f6\uff0cbe\u52a8\u8bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3ais\uff1b\u5f53\u6240\u63a5\u4e3b\u8bed\u4e3a\u590d\u6570\u540d\u8bcd\u65f6\uff0cbe\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e3aare\uff1b\u5f53be\u52a8\u8bcd\u540e\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e3b\u8bed\u65f6\uff0cbe\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e0e\u6700\u4e34\u8fd1\u4e3b\u8bed\u4fdd\u6301\u6570\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u610f\u601d\u4e3a"\u67d0\u5730\u6709\u67d0\u4eba\u6216\u67d0\u7269"\u3002\u5982\uff1a
There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. \u684c\u5b50\u4e0a\u6709\u4e00\u5757\u6a61\u76ae\u548c\u4e24\u652f\u94a2\u7b14\u3002
There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. \u684c\u4e0a\u6709\u4e24\u652f\u94a2\u7b14\u548c\u4e00\u5757\u6a61\u76ae\u3002

\uff081\uff09there be\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u53e5\uff0c\u5373\u5728be\u7684\u540e\u9762\u52a0\u4e0anot\u3002
\u5426\u5b9a\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1aThere be + not + (any) + \u540d\u8bcd+\u5730\u70b9\u72b6\u8bed\u3002
There is not any cat in the room. \u623f\u95f4\u91cc\u6ca1\u732b\u3002
There aren't any books on the desk. \u684c\u5b50\u4e0a\u6ca1\u4e66\u3002

\uff082\uff09there be\u53e5\u578b\u7684\u7591\u95ee\u53e5\u5c31\u662f\u5c06be\u63d0\u5230\u53e5\u9996\uff1aBe there + (any) +\u540d\u8bcd+\u5730\u70b9\u72b6\u8bed\uff1f\u80af\u5b9a\u56de\u7b54\uff1aYes, there is / are. \u5426\u5b9a\u56de\u7b54\uff1aNo, there isn't / aren't.
---Is there a dog in the picture? \u753b\u4e0a\u6709\u4e00\u53ea\u72d7\u5417\uff1f
---Yes, there is. \u6709\u3002
---Are there any boats in the river? \u6cb3\u91cc\u6709\u8239\u5417\uff1f
---No, there aren't. \u6ca1\u6709\u3002

\uff083\uff09\u7279\u6b8a\u7591\u95ee\u53e5\uff1aHow many . . . are there (+\u5730\u70b9\u72b6\u8bed)\uff1f"\u67d0\u5730\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u6216\u7269\uff1f"\u56de\u7b54\u7528There be . . .
There's one. / There are two / three / some . . .
\u6709\u65f6\u76f4\u63a5\u5c31\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u6765\u56de\u7b54\u3002One. / Two . . .
---How many students are there in the classroom? \u6559\u5ba4\u91cc\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u5b66\u751f\uff1f
---There's only one. / There are nine. \u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002/\u6709\u4e5d\u4e2a\u3002

\uff084\uff09\u5982\u679c\u540d\u8bcd\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6570\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u7528\uff1aHow much + \u4e0d\u53ef\u6570\u540d\u8bcd + is there + \u5730\u70b9\u72b6\u8bed\uff1f
How much water is there in the cup? \u676f\u4e2d\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u6c34\uff1f
How much food is there in the bowl? \u7897\u91cc\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u98df\u7269\uff1f

一. 词汇

⑴ 单词
1. 介词:in, on, under, behind, near, at, of

1). in表示"在……中", "在……内"。例如:
in our class 在我们班上
in my bag 在我的书包里
in the desk 在桌子里
in the classroom 在教室里

2). on 表示"在……上"。例如:
on the wall 在墙上
on the desk 在桌子上
on the blackboard 在黑板上

3). under表示"在……下"。例如:
under the tree 在树下
under the chair 在椅子下
under the bed 在床下

4). behind表示"在……后面"。例如:
behind the door 在门后
behind the tree 在树后

5). near表示"在……附近"。例如:
near the teacher's desk 在讲桌附近
near the bed 在床附近

6). at表示"在……处"。例如:
at school 在学校
at home 在家
at the door 在门口

7). of 表示"……的"。例如:
a picture of our classroom 我们教室的一幅画
a map of China 一张中国地图

2. 冠词 a / an / the:

冠词一般位于所限定的名词前,用来署名名词所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词有两个形式,即a和an。a用在以辅音音素开头的词前,如a book; an用在以元音音素开头的字母前,如an apple.
a或an与可数名词单数连用,泛指某类人或某物中的一个。

This is a cat.
这是一只猫。
It's an English book.
这是一本英语书。
His father is a worker.
他的爸爸是个工人。

the既可以用在可数名词前,也可以用在不可数名词前,表示某个或某些特定的人或事物,也可以指上文提到过的人或事物。
Who's the boy in the hat?
戴帽子的男孩是谁呀?
------ What can you see in the classroom?
------ I can see a bag.
------ Where's the bag?
------ It's on the desk.
------- 你能在教室里看到什么呀?
------ 我能看见一个书包。
------ 书包在哪呀?
------ 在桌子上。

3.some和any

①在肯定句中用some.例如:
There are some books on the desk.桌子上有一些书。
Lucy has some good books露西有一些好书。

②在疑问句和否定句中用any。例如:
Is there any ink in your pen?你的钢笔里有墨水吗?
Do you have any brothers and sisters?你有兄弟姐妹吗?
There isn't any water in the glass.杯子里没有水。

⑵记住它们的特殊用法。

①some亦可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中,这一点我们不久就会学到。例如:
Would you like to have some apples?你想吃苹果吗?

②any也可用于肯定句中,表示"任何的"。例如:
Any one of us can do this.我们当中任何一个都能做这个。
some 和any的用法是经常出现的考点,希望大家能准确地掌握它们的用法。

4.family
family看作为一个整体时,意思是"家庭",后面的谓语动词be用单数形式 is ;如把family看作为家庭成员时,应理解为复数,后面的谓语动词be应用are。
My family is a big family. 我的家庭是个大家庭。
My family are all at home now. 我的家人现在都在家。
Family强调由家人组成的一个集体或强调这个集体中的成员。home指个人出生、被抚养长大的环境和居住地点。 house指"家"、"房屋",侧重居住的建筑本身。
His family are all workers. 他的家人都是工人。
My home is in Beijing. 我的家在北京。
He isn't at home now. 他现在不在家。
It's a picture of my family. 这是一张我全家的照片。

5. little的用法
a little dog 一只小狗,a little boy 一个小男孩。little常用来修饰有生命的名词。
*但little还可表示否定意义,意为"少的",加不可数名词。
There is little time. 几乎没时间了。
There is little water in the cup. 杯中水很少。

⑵ 词组
on the desk 在桌子上
behind the chair 在椅子后
under the chair 在椅子下面
in her pencil-box 在她的铅笔盒中
near the door 在门附近
a picture of a classroom 一个教室的图片
look at the picture 看这张图片
the teacher's desk 讲桌
a map of China 一张中国地图
family tree 家谱
have a seat 坐下,就坐
this way 这边走

二. 日常用语
1. Come and meet my family.

2. Go and see. I think it's Li Lei.

3. Glad to meet you.

4. What can you see in the picture?
I can see a clock / some books.

5. Can you see an orange?
Yes, I can. / No, I can't.

6. Where's Shenzhen?
It's near Hong Kong.

7. Let me see.(口语)让我想想看。
see 在这是"明白、懂了",不可译作"看见"。例如:

8. Please have a seat.
seat表示"座位",是个名词。have a seat表示"就坐",也可以说take a seat, 和sit down的意思相同。

三. 语法

1. 名词所有格
名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系,通常用名词所有格的形式,意为"……的"。一般有以下几种形式:

(1). 一般情况下在词尾加"'s"。例如:
Kate's father Kate的爸爸
my mother's friend 我妈妈的朋友

(2). 如果复数名词以s结尾,只加"'"。例如:
Teachers' Day 教师节
The boys' game 男孩们的游戏

(3). 如果复数名词不以s结尾,仍加"'s"。例如:
Children's Day 儿童节
Women's Day 妇女节

(4). 表示两个或几个共有时,所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如:
Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房间
Kate and Jim's father Kate 和Jim的爸爸

动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"'s",而常常用介词of的短语来表示。
a map of China 一幅中国地图
the name of her cat 她的猫的名字
a picture of my family 我的家庭的一张照片
the door of the bedroom 卧室的门

2. 祈使句
祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语,读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌,常在句首或句尾加please 。在句尾时,please前多用逗号。

(1). 祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。
Go and see. 去看看。
Come in, please. 请进。

(2). 祈使句的否定形式常用don't于句首。
Don't look at your books. 不要看书。
Don't play on the road. 不要在马路上玩。

3. There be 的句子结构

There be是一个"存在"句型,表示"有"的意思,
肯定句的形式为:There be + 名词(单数或复数)+地点状语或时间状语。
be动词单复数的确定,看be后边第一个名词,当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时,be动词形式为is;当所接主语为复数名词时,be动词为are;当be动词后接两个以上主语时,be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为"某地有某人或某物"。如:
There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。
There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。

(1)there be的否定句,即在be的后面加上not。
否定形式为:There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。
There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫。
There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上没书。

(2)there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首:Be there + (any) +名词+地点状语?肯定回答:Yes, there is / are. 否定回答:No, there isn't / aren't.
---Is there a dog in the picture? 画上有一只狗吗?
---Yes, there is. 有。
---Are there any boats in the river? 河里有船吗?
---No, there aren't. 没有。

(3)特殊疑问句:How many . . . are there (+地点状语)?"某地有多少人或物?"回答用There be . . .
There's one. / There are two / three / some . . .
有时直接就用数字来回答。One. / Two . . .
---How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学生?
---There's only one. / There are nine. 只有一个。/有九个。

(4)如果名词是不可数名词,用:How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语?
How much water is there in the cup? 杯中有多少水?

How much food is there in the bowl? 碗里有多少食物?

1. 形容词的用法:
形容词用以修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征。在句中可以作定语、表语,用于限定被修饰语的特征,如长短、大小、重量、颜色、高矮、胖瘦、新旧等,。
The little girl is very pretty. 这个小女孩很好看。
--I want that one. 我想要那个。
--Which one? 哪一个?
--The new blue one. 那个蓝色新的。
Can I have a look at the big nice one? 我能看一看那个大的漂亮的吗?
2、人称代词:
是用来表示人的代词,有单数和负数之分,有主格和宾格之分。人称代词的主格在句中作主语;人称代词的宾格在句中作宾语,是作动词或介词的宾语。
主格:I, we, you, he, she, it, they在句子中作主语
宾格:me, us, you, him, her, it, them在句子中作宾语
He and I are in the same class. 我和他在同一个班级。
Can you see them in the street? 你能看见他们在街上吗?
3、可数名词和不可数名词
英语中名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。凡是可数计数的名词叫做可数名词;凡是不可以计数的名词叫做不可数名词。
(1)可数名词分为单数和复数两种形式。可数名词前可以用不定冠词、数词或some many等修饰。如:a man a desk an apple an orange some books some children tow pens
(2)不可数名词没有复数形式,前面不能用不定冠词、数词或many等词语修饰,但可以用some a little much等词语来修饰。有时可以与一些量词短语搭配,这些量词短语中的名词一般是可数的,有单数形式,也可以有复数形式。如:some water a little milk much food a piece of bread tow bottles of ink some glasses of water
4、祈使句
祈使句用来表示请求、命令等,句中没有主语,肯定形式由谓语或者谓语+宾语(+宾语补足语)构成,否定形式则在句前加Don’t.
Stand up, please. 请起立。
Don’t worry. 别担心。
can的用法:
can是情态动词,表示“能,会,可以,被允许等”,其后接动词原形,否定形式为cannot,可缩写为can’t.
She can speak Japanese. 她会讲日语。
I can’t remember his name. 我不记得他的名字了。
Can you spell your name? 你会拼写你的名字吗?
5、现在进行时态:
概念:表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作,也可以表示目前一段时间内或现阶段正在进行的活动。
结构:由be动词(am, is, are) + 动词ing构成,其中be动词要与主语保持性数一致。
Mary is flying a kite in the park. 玛丽正在公园里放风筝。
--What are you doing now? 你现在在干什么?
--I’m reading English. 我正在读英语。
Are they drawing the pictures now? 他们正在画画吗?

动词现在分词是动词原形变化而来的,规则变化如下:
动词ing形式叫动词现在分词,其构成如下:
1) 直接在动词后加ing
play—playing, do—doing, talk—talking, sing--singing
2) 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,先去e,再加ing
make—making, write—writing, have—having, take—taking
3) 以重读闭音节结尾的动词且词尾只有一个辅音字母,应双写这个辅音字母,再加ing
run—running, stop—stopping, put—putting, swim—swimming
注意对现在进行时态的判断。判断一个英语句子用什么时态,主要看句子的时间状语,一般说来,每种时态都有与之相对应的时间状语。现在进行时表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。因此,这个时态最常用的时间状语是now;但有不少句子并没有now,只能通过提示语如look、listen等或者通过上下文来确定用现在进行时。
She is cleaning her room now. 她正在打扫房间。
Look! The girl is dancing over there. 看!那个女孩在那里跳舞。
--Can you go and play games with me? 你能和我们一起做游戏吗?
--Can’t you see I am doing my homework? 你没看见我正在做作业吗?
6、have/ has的用法:
1) 谓语动词have表示“有”,有两种形式:have和has,前者用于第一人称(I, we),第二人称(you)和第三人称复数(they),后者用于第三人称单数(he, she, it)或单数名词。
I have an apple and he has two bananas. 我有一个苹果,他有两个香蕉。
You have a new English teacher. 你们有了一个新的英语老师。
It has two big eyes. 它有一双大眼睛。
Julie and Jack have a nice car. 朱莉和杰克有一辆好看的车。
2) have/has句型与there be句型的比较:两者都表示“有”,但用法不同。前者表示所属关系,即表示“某人或某物有什么”,而后者表示存在,表示“某地有什么”。
They have some new books. 他们有一些新书。
There are some new books on their desks. 他们桌子上有一些新书。
She has a lot of pretty skirts. 她有很多漂亮的裙子。
There are a lot of pretty skirts in the shop. 商店里有很多漂亮的裙子。
3) have/ has的否定句,一般要加助动词do/ does,再加not构成,即do not have (don’t have)/ does not have (doesn’t have)
. She does not have a sister. 她没有姐姐。
We don’t have any classes on Saturday. 我们星期六没有课。
Ann and I don’t have a big room. 我和安没有一个大房间。
4) 一般疑问句由“助动词Do/ Does + 主语 + have + 宾语”构成,回答用Yes, … do/ does.或者No, … don’t/ doesn’t.
--Do you have a big house? 他们的房子大吗?
--No, they don’t. 不,他们的房子不大。
--Does he have an eraser? 他有橡皮吗?
--Yes, he does. 他有的。
5) 特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词 + 助动词do/ does + have (+状语)构成。
What do they have? 他们有什么?
What does he have? 他有什么?
How many telephones do they have? 他们有几部电话?
7、介词用法:
1) 具体时间前介词用at。
. He gets up at half past seven every day. 他每天七点半起床。
She goes to bed at eleven o’clock. 她十一点睡觉。
2) 表示“在早上,在下午,在晚上”的短语中用介词in,且定冠词the不能省略;表示“在中午,在夜里”的短语中介词用at,不加冠词。
in the morning在早上,in the afternoon 在下午,in the evening 在晚上
at noon在中午,at night在夜里
3) 表示“在某天”、“在某天的上午、下午等”的短语用介词on。
What do you usually do on Monday morning? 星期一上午你通常做什么?
Do you sometimes go out to eat on Friday evening? 有时你星期五晚上出去吃饭吗?
He watches DVDs on Saturday night. 星期六晚上他看DVD。
Parents take children to parks on June 1. 六月一日,家长们带着孩子去公园。
4) 在this, last, next, every等词前面既不加介词,也不用冠词。
What are you doing this afternoon? 今天下午你做什么?
He visits his grandma every Friday. 他每个星期五都去看望祖母。
She is going to Shanghai next Monday. 她下个星期一去上海。
8、一般现在时
一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作,或表示现在的特征或状态。
其动词形式是:动词原形(只有第三人称单数作主语时除外,要加-s)其疑问句和否定句需要用助动词do或does
1) 肯定句用行为动词原形表示
They get up very early every morning. 他们每天早晨起来很早。
I visit my grandparents four times a month. 我一个月去看望祖父母四次。
2) 否定句用don’t + 动词原形来表示
We do not go shopping on Sundays. 我们周日不去购物。
I don’t think you like this colour. 我想你不喜欢这个颜色。
3) 一般疑问句则是把助动词do提前至句首,后面动词用原形。回答时,肯定用 “Yes, 主语+do”;否定句用 “No, 主语+don’t”。
–Do they go to school at seven o’clock? 他们七点去上学吗?
--Yes, they do.
--Do you like this skirt? 你喜欢这条裙子吗?
--No, I don’t. 不,我不喜欢。
一般现在时用来表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常与以下的时间状语连用:often 经常,always 总是,sometimes 有时,usually 通常,every day/ week 每天/ 周等。
He usually goes to school by bike. 通常他骑车上学。
I visit my grandparents every week. 我每个星期都去看祖父母。
She is always late for class. 她总是上课迟到。
My parents and I sometimes go out to eat. 我和父母有时出去吃饭。
It often rains here. 这儿常常下雨。
主语为第三人称单数时的一般现在时
一般现在时态,当主语为第三人称单数时,谓语动词也要是第三人称单数,后要加-s或-es。
He likes reading at night. 他喜欢夜里读书。
She usually goes to school by bike. 她平时骑车上学。
The little cat drinks milk every day. 小猫每天都喝牛奶。
转换成否定句要加doesn’t,其后的动词用原形。
Kelly doesn’t get up early on Saturdays and Sundays. 凯丽星期六星期天起床不早。
He doesn’t feel well today. 他今天感觉不舒服。
转换成一般疑问句,句首用Does,其后的动词用原形。
Does he have lunch at school? 他在学校吃午饭吗?
Does it take long by train? 乘火车要很长时间吗?

one of+名称复数 汉译: ……(就是名称复数)之一
one of(the+形容词最高级)+名称复数 汉译: ……(最……(形容词最高级)的……(名称复数)之一)
both of +名称复数 汉译: ……(就是名称复数)之二
some of +名称复数 汉译: ……(就是名称复数)其中一些

all of+名称复数 汉译: ……(就是名称复数)全部

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