地质科学家有哪些事迹 10个科学家的事迹
\u6211\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u4e8b\u8ff9\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b1\u3001\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee
\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\uff081911.12.11\uff0d2009.10.31\uff09\uff0c\u6c49\u65cf\uff0c\u5434\u8d8a\u738b\u94b1\u9560\u7b2c33\u4e16\u5b59\uff0c\u751f\u4e8e\u4e0a\u6d77\uff0c\u7956\u7c4d\u6d59\u6c5f\u7701\u676d\u5dde\u5e02\u4e34\u5b89\u3002
\u4e16\u754c\u8457\u540d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u7a7a\u6c14\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8f7d\u4eba\u822a\u5929\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u53ca\u4e2d\u56fd\u5de5\u7a0b\u9662\u9662\u58eb\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e24\u5f39\u4e00\u661f\u529f\u52cb\u5956\u7ae0\u83b7\u5f97\u8005\u3002
\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u822a\u5929\u4e4b\u7236\u201d\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bfc\u5f39\u4e4b\u7236\u201d\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u63a7\u5236\u4e4b\u7236\u201d\u548c\u201c\u706b\u7bad\u4e4b\u738b\u201d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u56de\u56fd\u6548\u529b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bfc\u5f39\u3001\u539f\u5b50\u5f39\u7684\u53d1\u5c04\u5411\u524d\u63a8\u8fdb\u4e86\u81f3\u5c1120\u5e74\u3002
2\u3001\u9093\u7a3c\u5148
\u9093\u7a3c\u5148\uff081924.6.25\u20141986.7.29\uff09\uff0c\u6c49\u65cf\uff0c\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u5b89\u5fbd\u6000\u5b81\u53bf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e66\u9999\u95e8\u7b2c\u3002\u9093\u7a3c\u5148\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e8e\u897f\u5357\u8054\u5408\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u666e\u6e21\u5927\u5b66\u7559\u5b66\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002
\u4ed6\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u58eb\uff0c\u662f\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6838\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u9093\u7a3c\u5148\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u539f\u5b50\u5f39\u548c\u6c22\u5f39\uff0c\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u201c\u4e24\u5f39\u5143\u52cb\u201d\u3002
\u4ed6\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u7814\u5236\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5f00\u62d3\u8005\u548c\u5960\u57fa\u8005\uff0c\u4e3a\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u548c\u539f\u5b50\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u7814\u53d1\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u8d21\u732e\u3002
3\u3001\u534e\u7f57\u5e9a
\u534e\u7f57\u5e9a\uff081910.11.12\u20141985.6.12\uff09\uff0c\u6c49\u65cf\uff0c\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u6c5f\u82cf\u5e38\u5dde\u91d1\u575b\u533a\uff0c\u7956\u7c4d\u5728\u6c5f\u82cf\u4e39\u9633\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u89e3\u6790\u6570\u8bba\u3001\u77e9\u9635\u51e0\u4f55\u5b66\u3001\u5178\u578b\u7fa4\u3001\u81ea\u5b88\u51fd\u6570\u8bba\u4e0e\u591a\u5143\u590d\u53d8\u51fd\u6570\u8bba\u7b49\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u548c\u5f00\u62d3\u8005\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u5217\u4e3a\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u535a\u7269\u9986\u4e2d\u5f53\u4eca\u4e16\u754c88\u4f4d\u6570\u5b66\u4f1f\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002
\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u4ee5\u534e\u6c0f\u547d\u540d\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u79d1\u7814\u6210\u679c\u6709\u201c\u534e\u6c0f\u5b9a\u7406\u201d\u3001\u201c\u534e\u6c0f\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f0f\u201d\u3001\u201c\u534e\u2014\u738b\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d\u7b49\u3002\u6709\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u6570\u5b66\u4e4b\u7236\u201d\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6570\u5b66\u4e4b\u795e\u201d\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u201d\u7684\u7f8e\u79f0\u3002
4\u3001\u674e\u56db\u5149
\u674e\u56db\u5149\uff081889.10.26\u20141971.4.29\uff09\uff0c\u5b57\u4ef2\u62f1\uff0c\u539f\u540d\u674e\u4ef2\u63c6\uff0c\u8499\u53e4\u65cf\uff0c\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u6e56\u5317\u7701\u9ec4\u5dde\u5e9c\u9ec4\u5188\u53bf\u3002\u674e\u56db\u5149\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u4f2f\u660e\u7ff0\u5927\u5b66\u3002
\u4ed6\u662f\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u5730\u8d28\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u521b\u7acb\u8005\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u4ee3\u5730\u7403\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u5730\u8d28\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u548c\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\u540e\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u4e3a\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u53d1\u5c55\u505a\u51fa\u5353\u8d8a\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u5143\u52cb\uff0c2009\u5e74\u5f53\u9009\u4e3a100\u4f4d\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\u4ee5\u6765\u611f\u52a8\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7269\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002
\u4ed6\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c\u662f\u300a\u5730\u8d28\u529b\u5b66\u4e4b\u57fa\u7840\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b\u548c\u300a\u5730\u8d28\u529b\u5b66\u6982\u8bba\u300b\u3002
5\u3001\u8881\u9686\u5e73
\u8881\u9686\u5e73,\u6c49\u65cf\uff0c1930\u5e749\u67087\u65e5\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u6c5f\u897f\u7701\u4e5d\u6c5f\u5e02\u5fb7\u5b89\u53bf\u4eba\u3002\u8881\u9686\u5e73\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e8e\u897f\u5357\u519c\u5b66\u9662\uff08\u73b0\u897f\u5357\u5927\u5b66\uff09\u3002
\u4ed6\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6742\u4ea4\u6c34\u7a3b\u80b2\u79cd\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u6742\u4ea4\u6c34\u7a3b\u7684\u5f00\u521b\u8005\uff0c\u6709\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u6742\u4ea4\u6c34\u7a3b\u4e4b\u7236\u201d\u7684\u7f8e\u79f0\u3002
\u4e8e2000\u5e74\u5ea6\u83b7\u5f97\u56fd\u5bb6\u6700\u9ad8\u79d1\u6280\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u5956\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c\u6709\u300a\u8881\u9686\u5e73\u8bba\u6587\u96c6\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4e24\u7cfb\u6cd5\u6742\u4ea4\u6c34\u7a3b\u7814\u7a76\u8bba\u6587\u96c6\u300b\u548c\u300a\u6742\u4ea4\u6c34\u7a3b\u80b2\u79cd\u683d\u57f9\u5b66\u300b\u3002
1\u3001\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\uff1a\u5fb7\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff08\u62e5\u6709\u745e\u58eb\u56fd\u7c4d\uff09\uff0c\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u53ca\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u5f00\u521b\u8005\u548c\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u2014\u2014\u201c\u8d28\u80fd\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u8005\uff0c\u201c\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u8be0\u91ca\u201d\u7684\u634d\u536b\u8005\uff08\u632f\u52a8\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\uff09\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u63b7\u9ab0\u5b50\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002 1999\u5e7412\u670826\u65e5\uff0c\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u88ab\u7f8e\u56fd\u300a\u65f6\u4ee3\u5468\u520a\u300b\u8bc4\u9009\u4e3a\u201c\u4e16\u7eaa\u4f1f\u4eba\u201d\u3002
\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5c31\uff1a\u72ed\u4e49\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u7684\u521b\u7acb\u2014\u2014\u65e9\u572816\u5c81\u65f6\uff0c\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u5c31\u4ece\u4e66\u672c\u4e0a\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u5149\u662f\u4ee5\u5f88\u5feb\u901f\u5ea6\u524d\u8fdb\u7684\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4ee5\u5149\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u5e45\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u666f\u8c61\u5462\uff1f\u4ed6\u5c06\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u524d\u8fdb\u7684\u5149\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u91cc\u632f\u8361\u7740\u5374\u505c\u6ede\u4e0d\u524d\u7684\u7535\u78c1\u573a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e8b\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u5417\uff1f
\u5e7f\u4e49\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u2014\u20141905\u5e74\uff0c\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u72ed\u4e49\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u540e\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7acb\u5373\u5f15\u8d77\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u53cd\u54cd\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u4eba\u58eb\u666e\u6717\u514b\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u76f8\u5ab2\u7f8e\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u666e\u6717\u514b\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u5f88\u5feb\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\uff0c\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u3002
2\u3001\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\uff1a\u7537\uff0c\u6c49\u65cf\uff0c\u6d59\u6c5f\u7701\u676d\u5dde\u5e02\u4eba\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4f18\u79c0\u515a\u5458\u3001\u5fe0\u8bda\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u6218\u58eb\u3001\u4eab\u8a89\u6d77\u5185\u5916\u7684\u6770\u51fa\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u822a\u5929\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e24\u5f39\u4e00\u661f\u529f\u52cb\u5956\u7ae0\u83b7\u5f97\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u66fe\u4efb\u7f8e\u56fd\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u6388\u3001\u52a0\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u66fe\u62c5\u4efb\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u6cbb\u534f\u5546\u4f1a\u8bae\u7b2c\u516d\u3001\u4e03\u3001\u516b\u5c4a\u5168\u56fd\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u526f\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u534f\u4f1a\u540d\u8a89\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3001\u5168\u56fd\u653f\u534f\u526f\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7b49\u91cd\u8981\u804c\u52a1\u3002
\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5c31\uff1a\u55b7\u6c14\u63a8\u8fdb\u4e0e\u822a\u5929\u6280\u672f\u2014\u2014\u4ece40\u5e74\u4ee3\u523060\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u5728\u706b\u7bad\u4e0e\u822a\u5929\u9886\u57df\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u82e5\u5e72\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u572840\u5e74\u4ee3\u63d0\u51fa\u5e76\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u706b\u7bad\u52a9\u63a8\u8d77\u98de\u88c5\u7f6e(JATO)\uff0c\u4f7f\u98de\u673a\u8dd1\u9053\u8ddd\u79bb\u7f29\u77ed\uff1b\u57281949\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u706b\u7bad\u65c5\u5ba2\u98de\u673a\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u5173\u4e8e\u6838\u706b\u7bad\u7684\u8bbe\u60f3\uff1b\u57281953\u5e74\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u884c\u661f\u9645\u98de\u884c\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff1b\u57281962\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u661f\u9645\u822a\u884c\u6982\u8bba\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7528\u4e00\u67b6\u88c5\u6709\u55b7\u6c14\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u5927\u98de\u673a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ea7\u8fd0\u8f7d\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7528\u4e00\u67b6\u88c5\u6709\u706b\u7bad\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u98de\u673a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ea7\u8fd0\u8f7d\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u5929\u5730\u5f80\u8fd4\u8fd0\u8f93\u7cfb\u7edf\u6982\u5ff5\u3002
\u5e94\u7528\u529b\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u7a7a\u6c14\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u548c\u56fa\u4f53\u529b\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u505a\u8fc7\u5f00\u62d3\u6027\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1b\u4e0e\u51af\u00b7\u5361\u95e8\u5408\u4f5c\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u53ef\u538b\u7f29\u8fb9\u754c\u5c42\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6e29\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u5361\u95e8\u2014\u2014\u94b1\u5b66\u68ee\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4e0e\u90ed\u6c38\u6000\u5408\u4f5c\u6700\u65e9\u5728\u8de8\u58f0\u901f\u6d41\u52a8\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u4e0a\u4e0b\u4e34\u754c\u9a6c\u8d6b\u6570\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002 3\u3001\u739b\u4e3d\u00b7\u5c45\u91cc\uff1a\u4e16\u754c\u8457\u540d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u956d\u548c\u948b\uff08p\u014d\uff09\u4e24\u79cd\u5929\u7136\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4e00\u751f\u4e24\u5ea6\u83b7\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\uff08\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5956\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5316\u5b66\u5956\uff09\u3002\u7528\u4e86\u597d\u51e0\u5e74\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u956d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6770\u51fa\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\u6709\u4e00\u822c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u3002
\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5c31\uff1a\u53d1\u73b0\u948b\uff08po\uff09\u548c\u956d\uff08lei\uff09\u4e24\u79cd\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u2014\u2014\u739b\u4e3d\u4e9a\u5728\u7d22\u90a6\u7ed3\u8bc6\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u540d\u8bb2\u5e08\uff0c\u76ae\u57c3\u5c14\u00b7\u5c45\u91cc\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5979\u540e\u6765\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5e38\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u8fdb\u884c\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ca5\u9752\u94c0\u77ff\u77f3\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u77ff\u77f3\u7684\u603b\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u6bd4\u5176\u6240\u542b\u6709\u7684\u94c0\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u8fd8\u8981\u5f3a\u30021898\u5e74\uff0c\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u5987\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u63a8\u65ad\uff1a\u6ca5\u9752\u94c0\u77ff\u77f3\u4e2d\u5fc5\u5b9a\u542b\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u5176\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u8fdc\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e\u94c0\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u300212\u670826\u65e5\uff0c\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\u516c\u5e03\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u7269\u8d28\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8bbe\u60f3\u3002
\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u51e0\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u5987\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u63d0\u70bc\u6ca5\u9752\u94c0\u77ff\u77f3\u4e2d\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u6210\u5206\u3002\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u5987\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e0d\u61c8\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ec8\u4e8e\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5206\u79bb\u51fa\u4e86\u6c2f\u5316\u956d\u5e76\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u5143\u7d20\uff1a\u948b\uff08po\uff09\u548c\u956d\uff08lei\uff09\u30024\u3001\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u970d\u91d1\uff1a\u82f1\u56fd\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u5e94\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u53ca\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7cfb\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee3\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5e7f\u4e49\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u548c\u5b87\u5b99\u8bba\u5bb6\uff0c\u662f\u672c\u4e16\u7eaa\u4eab\u6709\u56fd\u9645\u76db\u8a89\u7684\u4f1f\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5728\u4e16\u7684\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u8fd8\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5b87\u5b99\u4e4b\u738b\u201d\u300270\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ed6\u4e0e\u5f6d\u7f57\u65af\u4e00\u8d77\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5947\u6027\u5b9a\u7406\uff0c\u4e3a\u6b64\u4ed6\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e861988\u5e74\u7684\u6c83\u5c14\u592b\u7269\u7406\u5956\u3002\u4ed6\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u7ee7\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u4e4b\u540e\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u548c\u6700\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u9762\u79ef\u5b9a\u7406\uff0c\u5373\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u9762\u79ef\u4e0d\u51cf\u3002\u8fd9\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u4f7f\u4eba\u5c06\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u9762\u79ef\u548c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u71b5\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002
\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5c31\uff1a\u9ed1\u6d1e\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u2014\u2014\u7a77\u4e00\u751f\u7cbe\u529b\u7814\u7a76\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u970d\u91d1\uff0c\u66fe\u62c5\u5fc3\u9ed1\u6d1e\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4ed6\u4e3a\u514d\u5230\u65f6\u81ea\u5df1\u53d8\u5f97\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u6709\uff0c1975\u5e74\u4ed6\u4e0e\u53e6\u4e00\u540d\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7d22\u6069\uff08Kip Thorne\uff09\u5f00\u8d4c\uff1a\u7a76\u7adf\u9ed1\u6d1e\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u5bf9\u51b2\u201d\uff0c\u970d\u91d1\u62bc\u6ce8\u9ed1\u6d1e\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u201c\u4e0d\u5e78\u201d\u8d62\u4e86\uff0c\u970d\u91d1\u867d\u7136\u4e00\u751f\u5fc3\u8840\u88ab\u6bc1\uff0c\u4f46\u7d22\u6069\u8981\u5411\u4ed6\u8d60\u4e0a\u4e13\u95e8\u8e3c\u7206\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5ba4\u4e11\u95fb\u7684\u300aPrivate Eye\u300b\u6742\u5fd74\u5e74\u8ba2\u9605\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u970d\u91d1\u201c\u5e78\u8fd0\u201d\u8f93\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u8981\u5411\u7d22\u6069\u9001\u8d60\u8272\u60c5\u6742\u5fd7\u300aPenthouse\u300b\u7684\u4e00\u5e74\u8d60\u9605\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u970d\u91d1\u5728\u300a\u65f6\u95f4\u7b80\u53f2\u300b(1988\u5e74\uff09\u66fe\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec1975\u5e74\u6253\u8d4c\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec80%\u80af\u5b9a\u5929\u9e45\u5ea7X-1\u662f\u9ed1\u6d1e\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4f1a\u8bf4\u670995%\u80af\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u573a\u8d4c\u5c40\u4ecd\u672a\u6709\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u201d
\u88f8\u5947\u70b9\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u2014\u20141991\u5e74\uff0c\u970d\u91d1\u53c8\u8981\u6c42\u5f00\u8d4c\uff0c\u4eca\u6b21\u7d22\u6069\u4e0e\u4ed6\u7ad9\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u9635\u7ebf\uff0c\u5bf9\u8d4c\u4e00\u65b9\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u88f4\u58eb\u57fa(John Preskill)\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u547d\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u5947\u70b9\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u9ed1\u6d1e\u56f4\u7ed5\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u9ed1\u6d1e\u5305\u56f4\u7684\u201c\u88f8\u5947\u70b9\u201d(naked singularities)\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u970d\u91d1\u4e0e\u7d22\u6069\u62bc\u6ce8\uff1a\u88f8\u5947\u70b9\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u968f\u5373\u4e0e\u88f4\u58eb\u57fa\u7acb\u4e0b\u8d4c\u636e\uff0c\u8c01\u8f93\u4e86\u8981\u5411\u5bf9\u65b9\u9001\u4e0a\u4e00\u4ef6\u7528\u6765\u201c\u906e\u853d\u88f8\u4f53\u201d\u7684T\u6064\u886b\uff0c\u5199\u4e0a\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u670d\u8f93\u5b57\u773c\u3002\u970d\u91d1\u4e8e1997\u5e74\u4fee\u6b63\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u88f8\u5947\u70b9\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u30025\u3001\u8881\u9686\u5e73\uff1a1930\u5e749\u67081\u65e5\u751f\u4e8e\u5317\u5e73\uff08\u4eca\u5317\u4eac\uff09\uff0c\u6c49\u65cf,\u6c5f\u897f\u7701\u5fb7\u5b89\u53bf\u4eba\uff0c\u65e0\u515a\u6d3e\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u6e56\u5357\u957f\u6c99\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u6742\u4ea4\u6c34\u7a3b\u80b2\u79cd\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5de5\u7a0b\u9662\u9662\u58eb\u3002\u73b0\u4efb\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u6742\u4ea4\u6c34\u7a3b\u5de5\u4f5c\u6280\u672f\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4efb\u66a8\u6e56\u5357\u6742\u4ea4\u6c34\u7a3b\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4efb\u3001\u6e56\u5357\u519c\u4e1a\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u519c\u4e1a\u5927\u5b66\u5ba2\u5ea7\u6559\u6388\u3001\u6000\u5316\u804c\u4e1a\u6280\u672f\u5b66\u9662\u540d\u8a89\u9662\u957f\u3001\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u7cae\u519c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9996\u5e2d\u987e\u95ee\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u534e\u4eba\u5065\u5eb7\u996e\u98df\u534f\u4f1a\u8363\u8a89\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3001\u6e56\u5357\u7701\u79d1\u534f\u526f\u4e3b\u5e2d\u548c\u6e56\u5357\u7701\u653f\u534f\u526f\u4e3b\u5e2d\u30022006\u5e744\u6708\u5f53\u9009\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u5916\u7c4d\u9662\u58eb\uff0c\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u201c\u6742\u4ea4\u6c34\u7a3b\u4e4b\u7236\u201d\u3002
\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5c31\uff1a\u6742\u4ea4\u6c34\u7a3b\uff08\u6742\u4ea4\u6c34\u7a3b\u5206\u6210\u5f88\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff09\u2014\u20141964\u5e746\u6708\u52301965\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u59bb\u5b50\u9093\u54f2\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u4e866\u682a\u96c4\u6027\u4e0d\u80b2\u7684\u690d\u682a\u3002\u6210\u719f\u65f6\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u91c7\u6536\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u6388\u7c89\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u96c4\u6027\u4e0d\u80b2\u6750\u6599\u79cd\u5b50\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e24\u4e2a\u6625\u79cb\u7684\u8bd5\u9a8c\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6574\u7406\uff0c\u64b0\u5199\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u91cd\u8981\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u6c34\u7a3b\u7684\u96c4\u6027\u4e0d\u5b55\u6027\u300b\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u57281966\u5e74\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u901a\u62a5\u300b\u7b2c17\u5377\u7b2c4\u671f\u4e0a\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u8fd8\u9884\u8a00\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9009\u80b2\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u96c4\u6027\u4e0d\u80b2\u7cfb\u3001\u4fdd\u6301\u7cfb \uff08\u4f7f\u540e\u4ee3\u4fdd\u6301\u96c4\u6027\u4e0d\u80b2\u7684\u6027\u72b6\uff09\u548c\u6062\u590d\u7cfb \uff08\u6062\u590d\u96c4\u6027\u53ef\u80b2\u80fd\u529b\uff09\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e09\u7cfb\u914d\u5957\uff0c\u4f7f\u5229\u7528\u6742\u4ea4\u6c34\u7a3b\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u4f18\u52bf\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u7ed9\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u5e26\u6765\u5927\u9762\u79ef\u3001\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u7684\u589e\u4ea7\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u91cd\u8981\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u53d1\u8868\uff0c\u88ab\u4e00\u4e9b\u540c\u884c\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u201c\u5439\u54cd\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u7eff\u8272\u9769\u547d\u201d\u7684\u8fdb\u519b\u53f7\u89d2\u3002
\u53c8\u7ecf\u8fc78\u5e74\u5386\u7ecf\u78e8\u96be\u7684\u201c\u8fc7\u4e94\u5173\u201d\uff08\u63d0\u9ad8\u96c4\u6027\u4e0d\u80b2\u7387\u5173\u3001\u4e09\u7cfb\u914d\u5957\u5173\u3001\u80b2\u6027\u7a33\u5b9a\u5173\u3001\u6742\u4ea4\u4f18\u52bf\u5173\u3001\u7e41\u6b96\u5236\u79cd\u5173\uff09\uff0c\u52301974\u5e74\u914d\u5236\u79cd\u5b50\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5e76\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86\u4f18\u52bf\u9274\u5b9a\u30021975\u5e74\u53c8\u5728\u6e56\u5357\u7701\u59d4\u3001\u7701\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u83b7\u5927\u9762\u79ef\u5236\u79cd\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4e3a\u6b21\u5e74\u5927\u9762\u79ef\u63a8\u5e7f\u4f5c\u597d\u4e86\u79cd\u5b50\u51c6\u5907\uff0c\u4f7f\u8be5\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u8fdb\u5165\u5927\u9762\u79ef\u63a8\u5e7f\u9636\u6bb5\u3002
1975\u5e74\u51ac\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u8fc5\u901f\u6269\u5927\u8bd5\u79cd\u548c\u5927\u91cf\u63a8\u5e7f\u6742\u4ea4\u6c34\u7a3b\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u6295\u5165\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u4eba\u529b\u3001\u7269\u529b\u3001\u8d22\u529b\uff0c\u4e00\u5e74\u4e09\u4ee3\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u7e41\u6b96\u5236\u79cd\uff0c\u4ee5\u6700\u5feb\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u63a8\u5e7f\u30021976\u5e74\u5b9a\u70b9\u793a\u8303208\u4e07\u4ea9\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u8303\u56f4\u5f00\u59cb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u52301988\u5e74\u5168\u56fd\u6742\u4ea4\u7a3b\u9762\u79ef1.94\u4ebf\u4ea9\uff0c\u5360\u6c34\u7a3b\u9762\u79ef\u768439.6\uff05\uff0c\u800c\u603b\u4ea7\u91cf\u536018.5\uff05\u300210\u5e74\u5168\u56fd\u7d2f\u8ba1\u79cd\u690d\u6742\u4ea4\u7a3b\u9762\u79ef12.56\u4ebf\u4ea9\uff0c\u7d2f\u8ba1\u589e\u4ea7\u7a3b\u8c371000\u4ebf\u516c\u65a4\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u603b\u4ea7\u503c280\u4ebf\u5143\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u76ca\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6548\u76ca\u3002\u7fa4\u4f17\u4ea4\u53e3\u79f0\u8d5e\u9760\u4e24\u201c\u5e73\u201d\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u5403\u996d\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e00\u9760\u515a\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u4e8c\u9760\u8881\u9686\u5e73\u7684\u6742\u4ea4\u7a3b\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u7528\u6734\u5b9e\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u8bf4\u51fa\u4e86\u4ebf\u4e07\u4e2d\u56fd\u519c\u6c11\u7684\u5fc3\u91cc\u8bdd\u30026\u3001\u5f20\u8861\uff1a\u4e1c\u6c49\u5efa\u521d\u4e09\u5e74(\u516c\u514378\u5e74)\u751f\uff1b\u6c38\u548c\u56db\u5e74(\u516c\u5143139\u5e74)\u5352\u3002\u5b57\u5e73\u5b50\uff0c\u5357\u9633\u897f\u9102\uff08\u4eca\u6cb3\u5357\u5357\u9633\u5e02\u77f3\u6865\u9547\uff09\u4eba\uff0c\u6c49\u65cf\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u4e1c\u6c49\u65f6\u671f\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u3001\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u5236\u56fe\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u8bd7\u4eba\u3001\u6c49\u671d\u5b98\u5458\uff0c\u4e3a\u6211\u56fd\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u673a\u68b0\u6280\u672f\u3001\u5730\u9707\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0d\u53ef\u78e8\u706d\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u7a81\u51fa\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5929\u6587\u7ec4\u7ec7\u66fe\u5c06\u592a\u9633\u7cfb\u4e2d\u76841802\u53f7\u5c0f\u884c\u661f\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u5f20\u8861\u661f\u201d\u3002
\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5c31\uff1a\u5f20\u8861\u745e\u8f6e\u2014\u2014\u835a\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u88c5\u7f6e\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u835a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u795e\u8bdd\u4e2d\u7684\u690d\u7269\u3002\u636e\u8bf4\u957f\u5728\u5c27\u5e1d\u7684\u5c45\u5ba4\u9636\u4e0b\u3002\u968f\u7740\u65b0\u6708\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c1\u5929\u957f1\u4e2a\u835a\uff0c\u5230\u6ee1\u6708\u65f6\u957f\u523015\u4e2a\u835a\u3002\u8fc7\u4e86\u6708\u5706\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u4e00\u5929\u63891\u4e2a\u835a\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6570\u4e00\u6570\u835a\u7684\u835a\u6570\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u4eca\u5929\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6714\u671b\u6708\u4e2d\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u5929\u548c\u8fd9\u5929\u7684\u6708\u76f8\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u795e\u8bdd\u66f2\u6298\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5c27\u5e1d\u65f6\u5929\u6587\u5386\u6cd5\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002\u5f20\u8861\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u88c5\u7f6e\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u795e\u8bdd\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u4e0b\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u3002\u542c\u8c13\u201c\u968f\u6708\u76c8\u865a\uff0c\u4f9d\u5386\u5f00\u843d\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u73b0\u4eca\u949f\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u65e5\u671f\u663e\u793a\u3002
\u5f20\u8861\u5730\u7403\u4eea\u2014\u2014\u5f20\u8861\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6770\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u662f\u5730\u9707\u5b66\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u9707\u70c1\u53e4\u4eca\u7684\u5019\u98ce\u5730\u52a8\u4eea\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8981\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6240\u89c1\u5230\u7684\u5730\u52a8\u4eea\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5f20\u8861\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u5730\u52a8\u4eea\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u540e\u4eba\u590d\u539f\u7684\u3002\u5f20\u8861\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u5730\u52a8\u4eea\u65e9\u5c31\u6bc1\u4e8e\u6218\u706b\u4e86\uff0c\u5730\u52a8\u4eea\u53d1\u660e\u4e8e\u9633\u5609\u5143\u5e74(\u516c\u5143132\u5e74)\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4ed6\u5728\u592a\u53f2\u4ee4\u4efb\u4e0a\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4ef6\u5927\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u300a\u540e\u6c49\u4e66\u00b7\u5f20\u8861\u4f20\u300b\u4e2d\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u6709\u8f83\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u3002\u81ea19\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u5373\u6709\u4eba\u529b\u56fe\u8fd0\u7528\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u6280\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u300a\u540e\u6c49\u4e66\u300b\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\u6765\u590d\u539f\u5f20\u8861\u7684\u8fd9\u9879\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u3002\u5230\u4e8620\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u738b\u632f\u94ce\u5148\u751f\u201c\u590d\u539f\u201d\u4e86\u5f20\u8861\u5730\u52a8\u4eea\uff08\u89c1\u53f3\u56fe\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u5c0f\u5b66\u751f\u8bfe\u672c\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u738b\u632f\u94ce\u590d\u539f\u7684\u5730\u52a8\u4eea\u591a\u6b21\u5728\u516c\u5f00\u573a\u5408\u5927\u51fa\u6d0b\u50cf\uff0c\u5b83\u8981\u4e48\u4e0d\u80fd\u52a8\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5c31\u662f\u8dfa\u811a\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u5f53\u6210\u5730\u9707\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u5374\u8bef\u4fe1\u738b\u632f\u94ce\u7684\u590d\u539f\u5c31\u662f\u5f20\u8861\u539f\u672c\u7684\u53d1\u660e\uff0c \u56fd\u5185\u5916\u5b66\u8005\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u65e9\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0d\u505c\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u5b83\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4e4f\u8a00\u8f9e\u6fc0\u70c8\u8005\uff0c\u8fd9\u7ed9\u5f20\u8861\u751a\u81f3\u6574\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u540d\u8a89\u5e26\u6765\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u73b0\u4eca\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f20\u8861\u7684\u5730\u52a8\u4eea\u6709\u9519\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u738b\u632f\u94ce\u5148\u751f\u7684\u590d\u539f\u6709\u539f\u7406\u6027\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u738b\u632f\u94ce\u5728\u5730\u52a8\u4eea\u5916\u578b\u4e0a\u7684\u590d\u539f\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5353\u6709\u5efa\u6811\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u70b9\u5e94\u8be5\u80af\u5b9a\u30027\u3001\u674e\u65f6\u73cd\uff1a\u5b57\u4e1c\u74a7\uff0c\u665a\u5e74\u81ea\u53f7\u6fd2\u6e56\u5c71\u4eba\uff0c\u6e56\u5317\u8572\u5dde\uff08\u4eca\u6e56\u5317\u7701\u9ec4\u5188\u5e02\u8572\u6625\u53bf\u8572\u5dde\u9547\uff09\u4eba\uff0c\u6c49\u65cf\uff0c\u751f\u4e8e\u660e\u6b66\u5b97\u6b63\u5fb7\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\uff08\u516c\u51431518\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u5352\u4e8e\u795e\u5b97\u4e07\u5386\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u5e74\uff08\u516c\u51431593\u5e74\uff09\u3002
\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5c31\uff1a\u300a\u672c\u8349\u7eb2\u76ee\u300b\u2014\u2014\u5728\u674e\u65f6\u73cd\u4efb\u804c\u592a\u533b\u9662\u524d\u540e\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u7ecf\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u51c6\u5907\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u674e\u65f6\u73cd\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u300a\u672c\u8349\u7eb2\u76ee\u300b\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u7f16\u5199\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u811a\u7a7f\u8349\u978b\uff0c\u8eab\u80cc\u836f\u7bd3\uff0c\u5e26\u7740\u5b66\u751f\u548c\u513f\u5b50\u5efa\u5143\uff0c\u7ffb\u5c71\u8d8a\u5cad\uff0c\u8bbf\u533b\u91c7\u836f\uff0c\u8db3\u8ff9\u904d\u53ca\u6cb3\u5357\u3001\u6cb3\u5317\u3001\u6c5f\u82cf\u3001\u5b89\u5fbd\u3001\u6c5f\u897f\u3001\u6e56\u5317\u7b49\u5e7f\u5927\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u725b\u9996\u5c71\u3001\u6444\u5c71\uff08\u53e4\u79f0\u6444\u5c71\uff0c\u4eca\u6816\u971e\u5c71\uff09\u3001\u8305\u5c71\u3001\u592a\u548c\u5c71\u7b49\u5927\u5c71\u540d\u5ddd\uff0c\u8d70\u4e86\u4e0a\u4e07\u91cc\u8def\uff0c\u503e\u542c\u4e86\u5343\u4e07\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u53c2\u9605\u5404\u79cd\u4e66\u7c4d800\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u5386\u65f627\u5e74\uff0c\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5728\u4ed661\u5c81\u90a3\u5e74\uff081578\u5e74\uff09\u5199\u6210\u3002
\u672c\u8349\u7eb2\u76ee\u300b\u51e116\u90e8\u300152\u5377\uff0c\u7ea6190\u4e07\u5b57\u3002\u5168\u4e66\u6536\u7eb3\u8bf8\u5bb6\u672c\u8349\u6240\u6536\u836f\u72691518\u79cd\uff0c\u5728\u524d\u4eba\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u589e\u6536\u836f\u7269374\u79cd\uff0c\u54081892\u79cd\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u690d\u72691195\u79cd\uff1b\u5171\u8f91\u5f55\u53e4\u4ee3\u836f\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u6c11\u95f4\u5355\u65b911096\u5219\uff1b\u4e66\u524d\u9644\u836f\u7269\u5f62\u6001\u56fe1100\u4f59\u5e45\u3002\u8fd9\u90e8\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5438\u6536\u4e86\u5386\u4ee3\u672c\u8349\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u7cbe\u534e\uff0c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7ea0\u6b63\u4e86\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8865\u5145\u4e86\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u7a81\u7834\u3002\u662f\u523016\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e3a\u6b62\u6211\u56fd\u6700\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u6700\u5b8c\u6574\u3001\u6700\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u533b\u836f\u5b66\u8457\u4f5c\u30028\u3001\u827e\u8428\u514b\u00b7\u725b\u987f\uff1a\u82f1\u56fd\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u3001\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u795e\u5b66\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u54f2\u5b66\u548c\u70bc\u91d1\u672f\u3002\u725b\u987f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8d21\u732e\u6709\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u5fae\u79ef\u5206\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e07\u6709\u5f15\u529b\u5b9a\u5f8b\u548c\u7ecf\u5178\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e76\u5b9e\u9645\u5236\u9020\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u67b6\u53cd\u5c04\u5f0f\u671b\u8fdc\u955c\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\uff0c\u6700\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7eaa\u5ff5\u725b\u987f\u5728\u7ecf\u5178\u529b\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6770\u51fa\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u201c\u725b\u987f\u201d\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u8861\u91cf\u529b\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5355\u4f4d\u3002
\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5c31\uff1a\u4e8c\u9879\u5f0f\u5b9a\u7406\u2014\u2014\u5728\u4e00\u516d\u516d\u4e94\u5e74\uff0c\u521a\u597d\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u5c81\u7684\u725b\u987f\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e8c\u9879\u5f0f\u5b9a\u7406\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5fae\u79ef\u5206\u7684\u5145\u5206\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u4e8c\u9879\u5f0f\u5b9a\u7406\u628a\u80fd\u4e3a\u76f4\u63a5\u8ba1\u7b97\u6240\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u4e8c\u9879\u5f0f\u7ea7\u6570\u5c55\u5f00\u5f0f\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u7ea7\u6570\u8bba\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u8bba\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u3001\u65b9\u7a0b\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6709\u529b\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u53d1\u89c9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ea\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\uff4e\u662f\u6b63\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u5f53\uff4e\u662f\u6b63\u6574\u6570\uff11\uff0c\uff12\uff0c\uff13\uff0c....... \uff0c\u7ea7\u6570\u7ec8\u6b62\u5728\u6b63\u597d\u662f\uff4e\uff0b\uff11\u9879\u3002\u5982\u679c\uff4e\u4e0d\u662f\u6b63\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u7ea7\u6570\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ec8\u6b62\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u83b1\u5e03\u5c3c\u8328\u5728\u4e00\u516d\u4e5d\u56db\u5e74\u624d\u5f15\u8fdb\u51fd\u6570\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u5728\u5fae\u79ef\u5206\u65e9\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8d85\u8d8a\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7ea7\u6765\u5904\u7406\u662f\u6240\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u6700\u6709\u6210\u6548\u7684\u3002
\u725b\u987f\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u725b\u987f\u8fed\u4ee3\u6cd5\uff08Newton's method\uff09\u53c8\u79f0\u4e3a\u725b\u987f-\u62c9\u592b\u900a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08Newton-Raphson method\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u725b\u987f\u572817\u4e16\u7eaa\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u5b9e\u6570\u57df\u548c\u590d\u6570\u57df\u4e0a\u8fd1\u4f3c\u6c42\u89e3\u65b9\u7a0b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u591a\u6570\u65b9\u7a0b\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6c42\u6839\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6c42\u7cbe\u786e\u6839\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfb\u627e\u65b9\u7a0b\u7684\u8fd1\u4f3c\u6839\u5c31\u663e\u5f97\u7279\u522b\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u51fd\u6570f(x)\u7684\u6cf0\u52d2\u7ea7\u6570\u7684\u524d\u9762\u51e0\u9879\u6765\u5bfb\u627e\u65b9\u7a0bf(x) = 0\u7684\u6839\u3002\u725b\u987f\u8fed\u4ee3\u6cd5\u662f\u6c42\u65b9\u7a0b\u6839\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5176\u6700\u5927\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u5728\u65b9\u7a0bf(x) = 0\u7684\u5355\u6839\u9644\u8fd1\u5177\u6709\u5e73\u65b9\u6536\u655b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8be5\u6cd5\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u6c42\u65b9\u7a0b\u7684\u91cd\u6839\u3001\u590d\u6839\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u30029\u3001\u9ad8\u65af\uff1a\u5fb7\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u5927\u5730\u6d4b\u91cf\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u6709\u6570\u5b66\u738b\u5b50\u7684\u7f8e\u8a89\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u548c\u963f\u57fa\u7c73\u5fb7\u3001\u725b\u987f\u3001\u6b27\u62c9\u540c\u4eab\u76db\u540d\u3002
\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5c31\uff1a1\u300118\u5c81\u7684\u9ad8\u65af\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u8d28\u6570\u5206\u5e03\u5b9a\u7406\u548c\u6700\u5c0f\u4e8c\u4e58\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u8db3\u591f\u591a\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5904\u7406\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u6982\u7387\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u9ad8\u65af\u968f\u540e\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u66f2\u9762\u4e0e\u66f2\u7ebf\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u529f\u5f97\u5230\u9ad8\u65af\u949f\u5f62\u66f2\u7ebf(\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u66f2\u7ebf)\u3002\u5176\u51fd\u6570\u88ab\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\uff08\u6216\u9ad8\u65af\u5206\u5e03\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6982\u7387\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u5927\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
2\u3001\u5728\u9ad8\u65af19\u5c81\u65f6\uff0c\u4ec5\u7528\u6ca1\u6709\u523b\u5ea6\u7684\u5c3a\u5b50\u4e0e\u5706\u89c4\u4fbf\u6784\u9020\u51fa\u4e86\u6b6317\u8fb9\u5f62\uff08\u963f\u57fa\u7c73\u5fb7\u4e0e\u725b\u987f\u5747\u672a\u753b\u51fa\uff09\u3002\u5e76\u4e3a\u6d41\u4f20\u4e862000\u5e74\u7684\u6b27\u6c0f\u51e0\u4f55\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u81ea\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u65f6\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u91cd\u8981\u8865\u5145\u3002
3\u3001\u9ad8\u65af\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u8c37\u795e\u661f\u8f68\u8ff9\u65f6\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u590d\u6570\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e25\u683c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2an\u9636\u7684\u4ee3\u6570\u65b9\u7a0b\u5fc5\u6709n\u4e2a\u590d\u6570\u89e3\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u672c\u8457\u540d\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u6570\u8bba\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e92\u53cd\u5f8b\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u6570\u8bba\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u90e8\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff0c\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e86\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u5168\u7b49\u5b9a\u7406\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002
10\u3001\u963f\u57fa\u7c73\u5fb7\uff1a\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u9759\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u6d41\u4f53\u9759\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\u3002\u4e5f\u662f\u5177\u6709\u4f20\u5947\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u3002
\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5c31\uff1a\u529b\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u2014\u20141\u3001\u5728\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u7528\u6760\u6746\u6765\u62ac\u8d77\u91cd\u7269\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u963f\u57fa\u7c73\u5fb7\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u91cd\u5fc3\u548c\u6760\u6746\u539f\u7406\u3002\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u786e\u5b9a\u7269\u4f53\u91cd\u5fc3\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u5728\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5904\u652f\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u4f7f\u7269\u4f53\u4fdd\u6301\u5e73\u8861\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u673a\u68b0\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5e76\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u963f\u57fa\u7c73\u5fb7\u539f\u7406\uff08\u5373\u6760\u6746\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff09\uff0c\u4e3a\u9759\u529b\u5b66\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u963f\u57fa\u7c73\u5fb7\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u7406\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5236\u9020\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u673a\u68b0\u3002
2\u3001\u4ed6\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u6d6e\u4f53\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u6d6e\u529b\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u540d\u7684\u963f\u57fa\u7c73\u5fb7\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5176\u516c\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a\uff26\u6d6e\uff1d\uff27\u6392\u6db2\uff1d\u03c1\u6db2\uff47\uff36\u6392\u6db2\u3002
\u51e0\u4f55\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u2014\u20141\u3001\u963f\u57fa\u7c73\u5fb7\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u629b\u7269\u7ebf\u5f13\u5f62\u3001\u87ba\u7ebf\u3001\u5706\u5f62\u7684\u9762\u79ef\u4ee5\u53ca\u692d\u7403\u4f53\u3001\u629b\u7269\u9762\u4f53\u7b49\u5404\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u51e0\u4f55\u4f53\u7684\u8868\u9762\u79ef\u548c\u4f53\u79ef\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u63a8\u6f14\u8fd9\u4e9b\u516c\u5f0f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u201c\u7a77\u7aed\u6cd5\u201d\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u5fae\u79ef\u5206\u4e2d\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u9010\u6b65\u8fd1\u4f3c\u6c42\u6781\u9650\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
2\u3001\u4ed6\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5706\u5468\u7387\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u7528\u5706\u5185\u63a5\u591a\u8fb9\u5f62\u4e0e\u5916\u5207\u591a\u8fb9\u5f62\u8fb9\u6570\u589e\u591a\u3001\u9762\u79ef\u9010\u6e10\u63a5\u8fd1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6c42\u5706\u5468\u7387\u3002\u4ed6\u6c42\u51fa\u4e86\u5706\u5468\u7387\u5927\u5c0f\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a\uff1a223/71<\u03c0<22/7\u3002
3\u3001\u9762\u5bf9\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u7e41\u5197\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u963f\u57fa\u7c73\u5fb7\u8fd8\u9996\u521b\u4e86\u8bb0\u5927\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7a81\u7834\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u7528\u5e0c\u814a\u5b57\u6bcd\u8ba1\u6570\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e07\u7684\u5c40\u9650\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u5b83\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u6570\u5b66\u96be\u9898\u3002
4\u3001\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u963f\u57fa\u7c73\u5fb7\u516c\u7406\uff0c\u7528\u73b0\u4ee3\u6570\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u8868\u8ff0\uff0c\u963f\u57fa\u7c73\u5fb7\u539f\u7406\u6307\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u81ea\u7136\u6570\uff08\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec0\uff09a\u3001b\uff0c\u5982\u679cab.
\u5929\u6587\u65b9\u9762\u2014\u20141\u3001\u4ed6\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u7528\u6c34\u5229\u63a8\u52a8\u7684\u661f\u7403\u4eea\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u5b83\u6a21\u62df\u592a\u9633\u3001\u884c\u661f\u548c\u6708\u4eae\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u53ca\u8868\u6f14\u65e5\u98df\u548c\u6708\u98df\u73b0\u8c61\u3002
2\u3001\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5730\u7403\u662f\u5706\u7403\u72b6\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u592a\u9633\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u6bd4\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u7684\u201c\u65e5\u5fc3\u5730\u52a8\u8bf4\u201d\u8981\u65e9\u4e00\u5343\u516b\u767e\u5e74\u3002\u9650\u4e8e\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5c31\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u505a\u6df1\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002 \u4ee5\u4e0a\u662f\u6211\u7684\u56de\u7b54\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5bf9\u4f60\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u65e0\u8bba\u6392\u540d\u524d\u540e\u3002
绛旓細鏉庡洓鍏銆傛潕鍥涘厜锛1889骞10鏈26鏃モ1971骞4鏈29鏃ワ級锛屽瓧浠叉嫳锛屽師鍚嶆潕浠叉弳锛屾箹鍖楅粍鍐堜汉锛岃挋鍙ゆ棌锛屽湴璐ㄥ瀹躲佹暀鑲插銆侀煶涔愬銆佺ぞ浼氭椿鍔ㄥ锛屼腑鍥藉湴璐ㄥ姏瀛︾殑鍒涚珛鑰呫佷腑鍥界幇浠ｅ湴鐞冪瀛﹀拰鍦拌川宸ヤ綔鐨勪富瑕侀瀵间汉鍜屽鍩轰汉涔嬩竴锛屾柊涓浗鎴愮珛鍚庣涓鎵规澃鍑虹殑绉戝瀹跺拰涓烘柊涓浗鍙戝睍鍋氬嚭鍗撹秺璐＄尞鐨勫厓鍕嬶紝2009骞村綋閫変负100浣...
绛旓細鏉ㄦ浠佹暀鎺堬紝浣滀负涓浣嶄韩瑾夊浗闄呯殑鍦拌矊涓庣鍥涚邯鍦拌川绉戝澶у锛鍏剁爺绌堕鍩熸兜鐩栧箍娉涳紝瀵瑰湴鐞冪幆澧冨彉杩佷笌鍏ㄧ悆鍙樺寲鐨勬繁鍏ユ帰绌剁嫭鏍戜竴甯銆20涓栫邯40骞翠唬锛屼粬鍦ㄨ吹宸為珮鍘熷紑濮嬩簡瀵瑰湴璨屽垎鏈熶笌婕斿寲妯″紡鐨勭粏鑷寸爺绌锛50骞翠唬锛屼粬鍦ㄩ暱姹熶腑涓嬫父鍦板尯鎻ず浜嗙鍥涚邯鍐扮紭鐜拌薄鐨勫瓨鍦紱60骞翠唬鍒濓紝浠栧彂鐜颁簡鈥滃ぉ灞卞皬鍐版湡鈥濓紝骞舵繁鍏ユ帰璁ㄤ簡澶╁北...
绛旓細浣犲ソ锛鏉庡洓鍏夋槸鎴戜滑鐜颁唬鍦拌川鍔涘鐨勫鍩鸿锛屼粬鐨勪竴鐢熷仛鍑轰簡寰堝鏈夋剰涔夌殑浜嬶紝鎶婅嚜宸辩殑闈掓槬鍜屾墍鏈夌殑鎵嶅崕閮藉鐚粰浜嗗浗瀹讹紝浠栨槸涓鍚嶄紭绉浠ュ強浼熷ぇ鐨勭瀛﹀锛屾垜浠細姘歌繙璁扮潃浠栫殑鍚嶅瓧锛屼负浠栧厜鑽ｇ殑浜嬭抗鐐硅禐涔嬪锛屾垜浠洿搴旇瀛︿範浠栬韩涓婄殑绉戝鎬佸害锛屽宸ヤ綔涓ヨ皑鐨勪綔椋庯紝杩樻湁浠栭偅鏃犵濂夌尞鐨勭簿绁炪傛潕鍥涘厜浣滀负鎴戝浗鐜颁唬鍦拌川鐮...
绛旓細鏉庣粛鍏锛1944骞2鏈堝嚭鐢燂紝鏈瀛﹀巻锛屾嫢鏈夌爺绌跺憳鑱岀О锛屼笓鏀绘捣娲嬪湴璐ㄧ爺绌堕鍩熴備粬鐨勭鐮旂敓娑腑锛岃础鐚崜钁楋紝娑夊強澶氶」閲嶈椤圭洰鍜屾姤鍛娿1970骞磋嚦1976骞达紝浠栧弬涓庝簡"闄曡タ鐪佸崕闃村幙鍗庨槼宸濋搥銆侀搶銆侀搮澶氶噾灞炵熆搴婅鍕"椤圭洰锛杩欎唤鎶ュ憡鑽ｈ幏鍥藉绉戞妧杩涙涓夌瓑濂銆1981骞磋嚦1982骞达紝"鍐茬怀娴锋Ы鍦拌川鍦拌矊璋冩煡"鐨勬姤鍛婁篃涓轰粬璧㈠緱...
绛旓細鍦拌川瀛﹀鏉庡洓鍏 1949骞寸锛屾柊涓浗鎴愮珛鍦ㄥ嵆锛屾鍦ㄥ浗澶栫殑鏉庡洓鍏夎閭璇锋媴浠绘斂鍗忓鍛樸傚緱鍒拌繖涓秷鎭悗锛屼粬绔嬪嵆鍋氬ソ浜嗗洖鍥藉噯澶囥傝繖鏃讹紝浼︽暒鐨勪竴浣嶆湅鍙嬫墦鏉ョ數璇濓紝鍛婅瘔浠栧浗姘戝厷鏀垮簻椹昏嫳澶т娇宸叉帴鍒板瘑浠わ紝瑕佷粬鍏紑鍙戣〃澹版槑鎷掔粷鎺ュ彈鏀垮崗濮斿憳鑱屽姟锛屽惁鍒欏氨瑕佽鎵ｇ暀銆傛潕鍥涘厜褰撴満绔嬫柇锛屽彧韬寮浼︽暒鏉ュ埌娉曞浗銆備袱鏄熸湡涔嬪悗锛...
绛旓細鏉庡洓鍏鐨勪簨杩:鎶楁垬鏈熼棿鏉庡洓鍏変袱娆¤鍒颁簡鍛ㄦ仼鏉ャ傚悗鏉ヤ粬璇达細鈥滄垜鍦ㄥ懆鍏堢敓韬笂浜х敓涓涓渶澶х殑鎰熻鈥斺斺斾腑鍥芥湁浜嗗叡浜у厷锛屼腑鍥藉氨鏈変簡甯屾湜銆傗 鏉庡洓鍏変竴鐢熺粡鍘嗕簡涓浗绀句細鍑犳澶х殑鍙橀潻銆傝緵浜ラ潻鍛界殑缁忓巻锛屼娇浠栧緱鍑哄簲浠ョ瀛︽潵鏀瑰彉鏃т腑鍥介潰璨岀殑缁撹銆傞殢鐫鏃堕棿鐨勬帹绉伙紝浠栧彂鐜拌繖绉嶁滅瀛︽晳鍥解濈殑鐞嗘兂宸叉槸闅句互瀹炵幇鐨...
绛旓細鍦拌川瀛﹀鏉庡洓鍏 鏉庡洓鍏夛紙1889骞10鏈26鏃-1971骞4鏈29鏃)锛岃挋鍙ゆ棌锛屽瓧浠叉嫳锛屽師鍚嶆潕浠叉弳銆傛潕鍥涘厜鐨勬渶澶ц础鐚槸鍒涚珛浜嗗湴璐ㄥ姏瀛︼紝骞朵互鍔涘鐨勮鐐圭爺绌跺湴澹宠繍鍔ㄧ幇璞★紝鎺㈢储鍦拌川杩愬姩涓庣熆浜у垎甯冭寰嬶紝鏂板崕澶忔瀯閫犱綋绯荤殑鐗圭偣锛屽垎鏋愪簡涓浗鐨勫湴璐ㄦ潯浠讹紝璇存槑涓浗鐨勯檰鍦颁竴瀹氭湁鐭虫补銆1956骞达紝浠栦翰鑷富鎸佺煶娌规櫘鏌ュ嫎鎺㈠伐浣滐紝鍦...
绛旓細2銆佹潕鍥涘厜 鏃╁勾鍦ㄨ嫳鍥戒集鏄庣堪澶у鑻﹁鍏勾锛屽彇寰椾簡鍦拌川瀛︾澹浣嶃傝佸笀椴嶅皵鏁︽暀鎺堝姖浠栫暀涓嬫繁閫狅紝鑾峰緱鍗氬＋瀛︿綅鍚庡啀鍥炲浗銆傛潕鍥涘厜璋㈢粷浜嗚佸笀鐨勫ソ鎰忋傚湪鏂颁腑鍥界櫨搴熷緟鍏翠箣闄咃紝姣呯劧浠庤嫳鍥界粫閬撳洖鍥斤紝浣滀负鏂颁腑鍥界殑鍦拌川閮ㄩ暱涓烘垜鍥界煶娌逛簨涓氱珛涓嬪崜瓒婂姛鍕嬨3銆侀倱绋煎厛 鎴戝浗钁楀悕鐨勬牳鐗╃悊瀛﹀锛屼腑鍥界瀛﹂櫌闄㈠＋銆傞倱绋煎厛鍦ㄤ腑鍥...
绛旓細鏉庡洓鍏锛1889骞10鏈26鏃-1971骞4鏈29鏃)锛岃挋鍙ゆ棌锛屽瓧浠叉嫳锛屽師鍚嶆潕浠叉弳銆1889骞10鏈26鏃ュ嚭鐢熶簬婀栧寳鐪侀粍鍐堝競(浠婃箹鍖楃渷榛勫唸甯傚洟椋庡幙鍥為緳灞遍晣锛夌殑涓涓传瀵掍汉瀹躲傛潕鍥涘厜鏄笘鐣岃憲鍚嶇殑绉戝瀹躲佸湴璐ㄥ瀹躲佹暀鑲插鍜岀ぞ浼氭椿鍔ㄥ鐩镐俊寰堝鐨勪汉鎴栧鎴栧皯閮戒細鎺ヨЕ鍒板湴璐ㄥ锛岄偅涔堝浜庤繖鏍风殑涓涓绉戞潵璇达紝鎴戜滑涔熶細...
绛旓細鐭ラ亾澶ф湁鍙负绛斾富 鍥炵瓟閲:4.7涓 閲囩撼鐜:0% 甯姪鐨勪汉:6042涓 鎴戜篃鍘荤瓟棰樿闂釜浜洪〉 鍏虫敞 灞曞紑鍏ㄩ儴 鏉庡洓鍏(1889骞10鏈26鏃-1971骞4鏈29鏃),钂欏彜鏃,瀛椾徊鎷,鍘熷悕鏉庝徊鎻嗐1889骞10鏈26鏃ュ嚭鐢熶簬婀栧寳鐪侀粍鍐堝競(浠婃箹鍖楃渷榛勫唸甯傚洟椋庡幙鍥為緳灞遍晣)鐨勪竴涓传瀵掍汉瀹躲傛潕鍥涘厜鏄笘鐣岃憲鍚嶇殑绉戝瀹躲佸湴璐ㄥ瀹躲佹暀...
