潮汕地区嫁女过桥为什么丢草纸 华图有教师资格证的培训班吗?好不好呀?

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Module 1 Unit 2 Heroes Lesson 1 Modern Heroes
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1\uff0e \u672c\u8bfe\u662fUnit 2 heroes Lesson 1 Modern Heroes \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u8bfe\u65f6\u3002\u672c\u5355\u5143\u5206\u522b\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86National hero\uff0c History makers\uff0cSports stars \u548c Superhero\u3002\u8fd9\u51e0\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u90fd\u662fhero\uff0c\u4f46\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u9886\u57df\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u878d\u4f1a\u8d2f\u901a\uff0c\u627f\u4e0a\u542f\u4e0b\uff0c\u878d\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f53\u3002
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T: Good morning, Everyone! Do you like watching movies? Do you know Jet Lee (\u674e\u8fde\u6770)\uff1fDo you know one of his famous movie called HERO? What does \u2018hero\u2019 mean? Who are the heroes in your heart? Do you know Yan Liwei, our national hero?
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T: Open your books, and turn to page 100 and 101. Let\u2019s read two passages about Shenzhou V and Yang Liwei.
Shenzhou V is China\u2019s first manned spaceship. It lifted off at 9 a.m. on Wednesday, October 15th, 2003 in Jiuquan, Gansu Province. It was carrying Yang Liwei. It was launched very successfully and landed in Inner Mongolia safely.
Yang Liwei is China\u2019s first astronaut. He was a pilot in the army. He was chosen from 1,500 other army pilots and started training for his space flight in 1998. During the 21-hour space flight, he circled the earth 14 times. When the spaceship was doing its seventh circle, Yang Liwei showed the flags of China and the United Nations, expressing the wishes of the Chinese people to explore and use space peacefully.
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a. Astronaut lands safely
b. Welcome home
c. International good wished
d. An exciting lift-off
e. Introdution
f. During the flight
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(2) Careful Reading
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1. How did Yang Liwei feel duing the flight? How did he feel afterwards?
2. What did Yang Liwei do during the Shenzhou V\u2019s seventh circle of the earth?
3. How many circles did the spaceship complete while Yang Liwei was sleeping?
4. What were helicopters doing as Yang Liwei returned to the earth\u2019s atmosphere?
5. What did Yang Liwei do when he came out of the spaceship?
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A Teaching Plan for Unit 3 Celebration Lesson 1 Festivals
HUANG SHUI PING

General objectives:
1.To read to learn the main Chinese seasonal festivals and their history origin and meanings.
2.To help them learn some phrasal verbs and functional items about the topic and try to use them.
Language aim:
1.Phrases:
Be celebrated by, fall on , mark, be decorated with, tradition/traditional, serve, take part in, get together
2.important sentences:
The Mid-Autumn Festival is celebrated by Chinese people.
The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month.
It marks the beginning of the hottest season of the year.

Ability aim:
1).Improving the ability of getting the general information and specific information from reading a text.
2). Using own words to describe some important Chinese festivals.
Emotion aim:
To promote students\u2019 qualities of a patriotism(\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u7231\u56fd\u5fc3) by learning the main Chinese festivals and learn their history origin and their meanings\u3002
Teaching important points and difficult points:
1).To get information from reading
2).To talk about festivals freely in English.
Teaching methods:
Brainstorming, task-based teaching method , heuristic teaching method , group work.
Teaching aids:
a recorder, a computer, and blackboard
Teaching procedures:
Step1. Greeting and reviewing.
Greet the class as usual.
Ask: what we can celebrate in our life? Get students to answer using the key words in warming up. eg,
Graduation, a birthday, Christmas, passing an exam, winning a scholarship, a sporting victory, the Mid-Autumn Festival, the New Year, a wedding, Halloween, the Dragon Boat Festival
Step2. Leading-in.
Show students many pictures of different seasons on the screen , asking: What\u2019s your favourite season? Why? Help students answer using the words that they have already learned. Then ask: What festivals happen during your favourite seasons? Show more pictures about different festivals on the screen to help them to answer.
Students can work together to answer this question. Eg,
T:What is your favorite season? What festivals happen during your favorite season? ( have a discussion)
(S1: I liker summer. There are Children\u2019s Day, Dragon-boat Festival and Mother\u2019s Day.
S2: My favorite season is winter. They are Spring Festival and Lantern Festival and Christmas Day.
S3: \u2026\u2026
T\uff1aWell done. Thank you.
Explain the differences between Day and Festival.
Step3.While-reading
Activity1.Fast-reading
Get students to read the text quickly, match the pictures with the festivals.
Activity2. Guessing.
Show some describing sentences on the screen to let students read and guess the names of the three festivals .
Activity3. Careful-reading
This time let students read the text carefully and get more detailed information to fill in the table of exercise3 on page36.
Ask some students to report their answers to the class.
Step4. Practice
Play the tape for the students to listen and ask them to fill in the blanks according the text.
1.The Mid-Autumn Festival happens in September or______. it is important because it is a special _____ for family.
2. There are many different kinds of mooncakes ____ fruit, coffee, chocolate and so on.
3. The ____ ____ Festival falls on the fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar year.
4.The Dragon boat race marks the _____ of the hottest season of the year.
5.________Festival marks the end of the Chinese New Year celebration.
Step5. Post-reading.
Let students discuss with a partner and answer the following question.
Which festival in China is most important for children? Young people? Old people? Women and men?
Then ask some students to give a report.
Step6. Homework.
1. do the exercise 9 on Page 37
2. remember the new words in Lesson One.
3. use your own words to describe a festival that you are familiar with.
Step7. Blackboard design.
Lesson 1 Festivals
The Mid-Autumn Festival is celebrated by Chinese people.
The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month.
It marks the beginning of the hottest season of the year.

因为人们对于一些生理上出现的诸如梦幻的不理解,所以以为人死了之后灵魂会变成鬼。当人活在世上时,魂魄附身支配着人一生的活动,但是不对别人构成威胁或起庇护作用。然而,一旦人死亡,灵魂所变的鬼却具有非凡的能力和作用。可以对亲戚、朋友或者其他人产生或好或坏的影响。因此,人们为了祈求鬼魂,避灾求福,对遗体再不敢漠然置之了。这样,便产生了丧葬**俗。随着人们宗亲观念的加强,丧葬礼俗成了封建伦理的一个重要的内容。考察一个人是否符合“孝”的标准,看他对丧葬礼俗遵循的程度也是一个重要的方面。像《大戴礼记.盛德》云:“凡不孝生于不仁爱也,不仁爱生于丧祭之礼不明也。丧祭之礼所以教仁爱也,致爱故能致丧祭,春秋祭祀之不绝也,致思慕之死也。夫祭祀,致馈养之道也。死且思慕馈养,况于生而存乎?故曰:丧祭之礼明,则民孝矣。故有不孝之狱,则饰丧祭之礼也。”意思是说丧祭可以培养人们的仁爱之心和尽孝之道。正因如此,丧葬**俗在民间受到普遍重视,并流传至今。
潮汕旧俗50岁死者称上寿,丧葬礼俗繁多,有钱人家尤甚。一般程式都得经过:叫油火、徙铺、沐浴更衣、报地头、买水、发讣告、置灵堂、饲生、恋亲视尸、送纸仪、挂孝帘、成服赐杖、接棺、入殓、吊唁、出殡、安葬、回灵、守灵、做功德、升龛、卸孝、分手尾、食“清洁桌”等环节,而每一环节又十分繁琐,旷日持久,故有“多过死人事”的俗语。
叫油火
解放前,富贵人家在家人将要死亡的时候,要举行一种“叫油火”的巫术仪式,也称为“叫代”,即叫人来代死。如果有人代替,则可以挽救那个垂死的人的生命。方法是:让一个作巫术的人用彩色的桐油绘成大花脸,仿照鬼魅之状,赤膊,系五色裙。法器是一个念过魔咒的碗。这个碗中,盛满油,点燃后由巫者托之,于更深夜静之时,在街巷间呼啸穿行,阴森森尤若鬼火游动,若有人因恐惧而失声惊叫,这个巫者立即将手上的“油火”向墙摔去并叱曰:“呀呸!”这样“叫代”便成功。代病人死去的就是夜间失声惊叫的人。

徙铺
老人将亡,先移人厅堂,不可留在睡床上,俗称“徙铺”。这有两个含义:一是说如果人在睡床上去世,死者在阴间就要担“眠床枷”。子孙不让父母死后在阴间受苦,因此,在估计父母临死时就将其扶到厅堂。二是谓死者在睡床上死,冥魂将被吊在床中,不能超度。因此老人断气后,其子女在地上铺上席子,将其尸体置于席子上,头朝门口方向,足伸向后墙边。有些地方则让死者卧放冥椅上。接着,死者子孙围集其前痛哭,称为“围孝”,也称“哭丧”。哭丧时,男泣而不啼呼,女哭依辈分啼呼死者。

沐浴更衣
老人死后,儿媳要用“仙草”(瑞草)香末煮水,为死者洗脸擦身、理发、更换寿衣,称为“着仙衣”。寿衣大多是事先准备好的,视死者身份不同而有别,有功名者为长袍马褂、官衣,平民百姓一般为长衫、平装。寿衣数量多少不论,一般而言,男为双数长衣,女为单数衣裙。脚均着黑鞋白袜,手执手巾、扇子。穿衣毕,遵古礼移尸于地上铺席,遮盖天地被(盖棺被),红布面在上,白布面在下。棺被遮面,俗谓死人似虎,以免惊吓活人。同时在死者脚尾点上一盏油灯,称为“脚尾灯”。有些地方则点灯于其头之后,称为“点头灯”。无论是点脚尾灯或是点头灯,都是为死者上路照明之意。另外,在灯旁还要置一碗米饭,称为“冥饭”。此时,亲属就要**麻衣,背穿,如果是父亲死亡的就露左臂,如果是母亲死亡的则袒右臂。
报地头
潮汕丧事礼俗,其中一项就是报地头。由村中长者持白灯笼,带领死者男性子孙穿孝服到地头神庙报死。死者长子手扶木盘,盘中放着死者的年庚帖、乌糖、麻丝、香火等物。到庙,长者上香后取出年庚帖,对着神像报告说:“生从地头来,死从地头去,时辰念给老爷知。”接着念出死者生卒年月日辰,享寿多少岁。庙祝依所报享寿数敲钟,一岁一响,每敲一响,长子抽出麻丝一条,凑成一束,系于神座,并送香油钱与庙祝。长者将死者年庚帖焚化后,领死者子孙绕道回门。

买水

潮俗父母死后,报地头后便去买水。孝子孙与报地头装束同样,仍由族长引路,长子端水瓶,瓶插榕树枝。长子右臂挂一竹箍,到河边焚香烧纸毕,将竹箍置水面,水瓶放在竹箍内汲水带回,又另路而回。回到灵堂,用仙草醮水洒于死者脸上,水瓶置死者身边。据说这是给死者在阴间路上之用。
发讣告
人死之后,其家属要发讣告通知亲友,称“发报单”。简者只是口头通报亲友,隆重者子孙要用毛笔在白纸或草纸上书写上死者讳称,逝世年、月、日、时,吊唁出殡时间等内容,派人发送亲友。送报单者送达不能进入受报人屋内,要在屋外传呼受报人出屋,受报人看报单内容后在门口焚化。
置灵堂
潮俗凡丧家者必设有灵堂。灵堂大多设于公厅或私家厅。无公厅私厅者,也有临时搭棚的,称为设厂。灵堂四围用蓝布装饰,挂挽轴挽联,陈放纸扎的金童玉女(意在侍奉死者)、衣物米柜、床褥用品、白鹤花鹿等物。当代还出现有人用纸扎成小轿车、洋房、手机及天国冥币之物,反映了潮人迷信观念“与时俱进”。

饲生、恋亲视尸
布设灵堂后,死者长子率兄弟子侄扶父母尸体至灵堂正中的冥椅上,头朝内,脚朝外,前面设香案,陈放遗像、三牲棵品,插白烛,之后举行“饲生”与“恋亲视尸”活动。这是与死者最后告别的礼仪。饲生即是由孝子奉白饭两小碗,豆干红糖各一碟,跪在父母尸旁,口念:“父母饲我大,我饲父母老”或“你饲我大,我养你老”。接着用筷子尾夹一点饭菜放在父母口里,又转用筷子头夹一点饭菜自己吃下(表示阴阳有别)。“饲生”毕,由法师或长老用纸镪遮盖死者脸孔,法师持幡在前引路,子孙按长幼次序均拈香跟随其后绕尸而行,法师边走边念经。若死者是男的,绕尸走圆形;若是女的,则走方形。俗谓“父是天,母是地”,而天圆地方,故此。在“饲生”后,有些地方由子媳自长至幼,每人为死者从头到脚扇12下(逢闰年应扇13下);有些地方由子孙持小布袋,绕死者走一圈,拉死者衣袖,象征请死者赐种,以示再得祖宗的福荫。

送纸仪
送纸仪即送楮仪。潮俗凡亲朋旧故逝世,在接到讣告后,即送去挽联、轴幅、纸镪等祭悼物品者,均称为纸仪。近代以来,多改送银两、纸币,帮助丧家办理丧事。钱额多少不拘,惟应单数,不能双数。丧家对纸仪均全收后回礼,回礼物品也均单数,有布疋、面巾、糖果等,隆重者或对远方来者,须宴请,俗称食炊饭。

挂孝帘
人死之后,丧家用白布条挂在门框门楣上,垂下门帘,称为“挂孝帘”,同时挂上白灯笼,撕下原有的红对联,贴上用蓝纸书写白字的挽联,以便让人家知道其家中死了人。

赐杖成服
旧俗人死后,族长或法师给丧家男女子孙赐授麻衣、麻帽、芒鞋、孝杖,以供丧 期使用,称为“赐杖成服”。孝杖,《礼记·丧礼》上有这样的记载:“父丧杖用苴竹为 之,母丧杖用桐木为之。”又《幼学琼林》云:“孝子之杖曰哀杖,为扶哀痛之躯。”潮 汕地区男死用竹杖,女死用榕或桐。杖一般应和**一样高,但是各个村落长短不 一。有些地方,长子、长孙授长杖,余依次略短。孝杖上端孝子持的用银纸和麻布包着,孝孙持的用银纸和大红纸包着,系上麻绳。授杖者依长幼逐个授杖,口念吉语:“头戴尖缨,富贵财丁”、“身穿龙袍,元兴利贞”、“腰垂玉带,子孙荣华”、“脚踏乌靴,步步高升”、“赐孝杖,子孙百岁康健;赐孝服,子孙高官厚禄”等等。孝服用麻衣或布衣配上麻绳腰带,带结有一子孙袋,内装稻种;麻帽笋壳形,有的前沿和两侧各有两个垂团,据说分别代表障眼和闭耳,寓意即尽孝期间,两眼不视世上物,两耳不闻窗外事。

赐杖成服,民间统称为“戴孝”。有子孙在外未能回家奔丧者,长子背包袱雨伞代替之。其余如第三代孙穿麻衣戴白巾、第四代穿麻衣戴蓝巾等不同色泽标志,以表死者子孙昌盛、根繁叶茂。

揭西县的河婆、上砂、下砂、五云等乡镇农村,旧时有丧家请缝衣师傅做孝服,孝子们要拜师傅之俗。凡家中有人逝世,孝子们为表达孝心,便在族长的带领下,手托盘端着三杯茶,来到缝孝服处,哭着在缝衣师傅面前拜师傅,请其去家中缝制孝服。这时的缝衣师傅不能空手站着受拜,更不能伸手端茶喝,而必须手中拿着剪刀和尺子,走到跪着的孝子前,从孝子托盘上端起一杯茶,口念:“头杯敬天。”念毕,把茶水稍向上泼掉,茶杯放回原处。接着端起第二杯,又念:“二杯敬地。”念毕,把茶水泼向地下。接着端起第三杯茶,又念:“三杯敬亡人。”念后,不泼茶,把茶原封不动地放回原处。之后,双手扶起孝子,边扶边念:“一时之丧,万年吉庆。”
接棺
棺材,潮人俗称为“大厝”。棺材的形制多呈长方匣状,由棺盖和棺身两部分构成,尺寸大小视死者躯体而定,以适中为度。民间丧葬用棺视其家资自定,富者置棺不惜千金,精雕细作,髹漆绘彩,极尽奢华;穷者薄板白棺,简易粗糙;家贫如洗者往往以草席裹尸了事,形同裸葬。

潮俗男死棺材涂红色,女死棺材涂黑色。棺木从棺材铺运来后,死者亲属便齐集于门外举哀跪接,置灵堂内的方条凳上。此时大媳妇手持牛肩鞍从棺木头部向尾部曳过,再持扫把扫棺材三次。俗谓曳牛肩鞍表示父母终生劳累,从此可以息肩;扫棺材是为翁姑再扫一次“事处大厝”。

有钱人家的棺材,可以在老人死亡之前先购买藏于家中,或定购后寄放在棺材铺里,此举的目的是让老人放心,知道死后会有好的“大厝”住。这也是表示家人对老人的孝敬。

入殓
棺材买回来后,等死者兄弟姐妹儿女都见上死者一面,以为告别,俗称“收观”。然后进行人殓。人殓前,棺内要填满镪纸、草纸、茶叶、毛巾、扇等物,再安下枕头。人殓时,家属要围绕棺柩俯伏爬行一周,以示告别,称为“爬棺”。接着长子扶头,仵作用麻皮分胸、腰、脚三部位打紧吊下棺中。尸体下棺后又在额上、肚脐、脚尖各添放一朵“柿花”,然后盖棺,择时下钉(共钉下6根钉子,象征“六丁六甲”,意即功德完满)。安钉时每下一钉,都要说一句吉利语:
安头钉,万事兴;
安二钉,仔孙昌盛;
安三钉,三朝元老;
安四钉,四季兴隆;
安五钉,五代同堂;
安六钉,安到圆,内外他孙富贵万万年。
安钉毕,儿媳用纸媒醮花生油点火烧钉头,口念“烧钉头,仔孙富又鏊”等吉祥语。除孝子、孝妇外,其他人与入殓时辰相冲相克者,均不可看死者人殓。之后,择时准备出殡。

吊唁
吊唁是亲戚、生前好友正式追悼亡人的仪式。旧时除权贵人家外,一般民间不单独举行吊唁,出殡时参加送葬便是尽礼。

权贵人家的吊唁礼仪甚为隆重,灵堂庄严肃穆,按一定仪式进行。前来吊唁者要穿白长衫,到门口要先给号房递上“纸仪”(用白纸封上奇数现金)。一进门,乐手敲响帮鼓,吹奏唢呐,哀乐齐鸣,司仪者高喊“哭谢”,于是灵堂传出一片哭声。堂前垂幔徐徐拉开,祭吊者上前行五跪三叩首礼,跪于堂前左侧的孝子孝媳、跪于堂前右侧的孝女孝婿此时必须陪拜。接着吊唁者又分别给左右两侧叩首行致答礼。礼毕,司仪即给祭吊者端茶(茶瓯有茶无水,只作饮茶状)。吊唁者走出灵堂时,各拿走办丧事人家置放在门口的一盘石榴枝叶和红头绳扎成的小花朵一枝(有的家庭则放一碟糖果),以示除去晦气。

吊唁的客人多时,中午要办盛宴款客。古人称之为“食炊饭”或“食成服”。午宴不能同时开席,要轮番吃饭,名为“食走马席”,孝子一般不陪酒席,请主事亲朋长辈代做主人。

民间对吊唁之礼还有一些约定俗成的禁忌。凡非正常死亡者,亲友一般不来吊唁,怕招致灾祸。青年男子不宜吊唁妙龄女子,反之亦然,有违此俗即被视为“过情之举”,会受人讥笑。

出殡
出殡,又称“送葬”。出殡时间一般为死后3天或7天,也有即日出殡者。夏天,居丧时间短,通常是死后的第三天;冬天,居丧时间可长些,有延至第五天甚至第七天者。

出殡时棺材上要覆盖着一张描龙绣凤的缎棺盖儿,由8个青壮年分两班轮流扛抬,俗谓之“八仙抬柩”。出殡队伍中,族长或房长走在前面,边走边放鞭炮、撒纸钱(逢过桥要增加纸镪作过桥钱),其次为挽联挽轴、幢幡之列,紧接着为灵柩和家属亲眷执杖扶柩队列(左边扶柩的是孝子、孝孙、孝婿,右边扶柩的是孝媳、孝女),最后为哀乐队和亲友送丧者(每人手执香一枝)。以前,亲属送葬须穿白长衫。俗语谓随人去做某事为“穿白长衫缀行”,源于此俗。现在,送葬者只穿素色衣服就行了,衬衣、褂子甚至T恤都可以,白长衫已经很少见了。沿途,认识或不认识死者的店铺、人家均可设坛供香,办三牲祭品祭祀死者,俗称“摆路祭”。丧事主人事后要酬谢摆祭者。送葬路上,随行人员碰到相识者忌打招呼谈话,恐棺中亡人得知,对被呼名道姓者不利。

当棺材抬至大路口或桥头时,亲友、外家、女眷就要与死者叩首拜别,脱去孝服另路折回。此时死者亲属要端出一碟糖果让送葬者“食甜” (吃),以示祛邪。送葬者回到家里,不能直接跨进家门,而应在家人事先置放在门口的一盆浸有红花与仙草的清水中洗手,并将洗手水撒泼于外边路上才可进门。送葬者走后,棺材由孝子、孝孙、孝婿护送到墓地安葬。出殡途中,棺材不能停歇于地,怕死者阴魂流落荒野,无处归宿。潮汕方言歇后语云:“棺材扛上肩——孬歇”(不能停下来),源于此俗。因此,每次抬棺材必须有两组人马,如果其中有人累了,才有人可接替。出殡时,死者的儿子及媳妇的孝服用麻布制成,无缝边,即古称“斩衰”。普宁一带,孝子孝孙的头上戴着用菅芒叶和稻草编成的“毛箍驴”,并用麻皮绳结五颗如小鸡蛋一般大小的银纸团。前面一颗,用以堵住嘴巴;两旁各一颗,用以堵住眼睛,再旁两颗,用以堵住耳朵(意为一心一意办丧事,不管其余诸事);女儿孝服用苎麻布制成,拗折缝边,布边在下,古称“齐衰”,头上戴同样用芋麻布制成的“遮头感”;孙女头戴的“遮头感”,则用白布制成,上身用白布长5尺2市寸,折成四折,斜披在左肩至右胁下;女婿和舅父均头戴“白头感”,穿白长衫,腰系白腰带,腰带两头垂于背后,长7尺2寸。

揭阳一带,死者长子要背上一束竹篾片圈成的桶箍,带着诸位弟弟随在灵柩后面送殡。此风俗的由来有个传说:相传古时,揭阳桑浦山有个陈厝村,陈老汉有三个儿子,但彼此不和睦,常吵架乃至动武,陈老汉想不出教诲儿子的好办法来。有一天,家里的一只木桶的箍子掉了下来,木桶也就散落一地。①陈老汉看后恍然大悟。有一天,他装病在床,把三个儿子都叫到床前,木桶也放在床前。当三个儿子到齐后,他故意把木桶的箍子弄掉,木桶板就散落地上。陈老汉指着散落的木板说:“你们兄弟看着,一只木桶能连成一体,靠的是什么?就是这桶箍子。家庭就像这个木桶,你们就像这个桶箍子。只有团结连在一起,才不会四分五裂,才会发达兴旺。”三个儿子听后深受感动,一齐跪下,流着眼泪对父亲表示今后一定团结,和睦相处。后来三个儿子都娶了老婆,并都教育各自的老婆要和睦相处,妯娌关系要融洽。陈老汉看到这样的家庭,十分高兴。不久,陈老汉病逝,儿孙们非常悲痛。在出殡时,为不忘记父亲的教导,儿子们就买来了一束竹篾捆成一个圆圈,由老大背在身送殡。办完丧事后为上不忘祖训,下可教育子孙,三个儿子便把竹圈平分各自带回家中珍藏,视为传家宝,世代传承下去。从此,陈老汉家族兴隆昌盛,子孙繁衍。附近各村村民知道这一情况后,也仿效起来,遂成**俗。

安葬
棺材抬至墓**,道士念经后棺材入**,子孙绕道而回。客俗亡人安葬后次日,子孙备三牲前往坟前祭拜,种上豆种,把坟头上留下没盖上的一块草皮盖好,谓之“覆坟”。

回灵
送殡后,女眷在折回后在厅堂设灵堂,灵堂有台、椅、香案,餐具等,一如亡魂居家之状。送殡队伍从山上返回,要从坟上带一只燃烧的大香,脱孝服,穿常服,按队列至村口,留家的亲友(一般为拿榕树前导者)开始放鞭炮,引导队列回到客厅,把从山上带回的大香插到香案中,称为“回灵”,孝子孝孙及至亲女眷开始祭拜。其他送殡者则脱孝,完成仪式。

守灵
各地多有守灵、超度之俗。有在出殡之前,也有出殡回灵后。灵堂上立着神牌,守灵者早晚上香。时间有三日、五日、七日、十日、四十九日、百日,个别有至三年者。总之,超度未结束,就得守灵,不能脱孝。

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