JaneGoodall英语简介 介绍简.古道尔生平事迹英语作文
\u6709\u5173\u4ecb\u7ecdJane goodall \u7684\u82f1\u6587\u6587\u7ae0Jane Goodall
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Dr Dame Jane Goodall
Dr. Jane Goodall at Hong Kong University
on 24 October 2004.
Born 3 April 1934 (1934-04-03) (age 74)
Residence England, Tanzania
Nationality British
Fields Biologist, Primatologist, Conservationist
Alma mater University of Cambridge
Doctoral students none.
Known for Study of chimpanzees, conservation
Notable awards DBE (2004)
Religious stance Christian
Dame Jane Goodall, DBE (born Valerie Jane Morris Goodall on 3 April 1934) is an English UN Messenger of Peace, primatologist, ethologist, and anthropologist. She is well-known for her 45-year study of chimpanzee social and family interactions in Gombe Stream National Park, Tanzania, and for founding the Jane Goodall Institute.
Contents [hide]
1 Early life and studies
2 Personal life
3 Professional accomplishments
4 Environmentalism
5 Criticism
6 Honours
7 Animal welfare activism
8 Awards
9 Publications
9.1 Books
9.2 Children's books
9.3 Films
10 In popular culture
11 See also
12 References
13 External links
Early life and studies
Jane Goodall was born in London, England in 1934. As a child she was given a lifelike chimpanzee toy named Jubilee by her father. Goodall was not very interested in animals until her father brought her the stuffed animal. Today, the toy still sits on her dresser in London. After the divorce of her parents when Goodall was only 12 years old, she moved with her mother to Bournemouth, England.
Goodall's interest in animals prompted notable anthropologist Louis Leakey to hire her as his assistant and secretary. He invited her to accompany him and his wife, Mary Leakey, to dig at Olduvai Gorge in eastern Africa. He asked Goodall to study the chimpanzees of Gombe Stream National Park (then known as 'Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve'). She arrived at Gombe accompanied by her mother in July 1960. Leakey arranged for her to return to the United Kingdom where she earned a doctorate in ethology from the University of Cambridge in 1964. Along with Dian Fossey, famous for living with gorillas, and Birut\u00e9 Galdikas, who advanced studies in orangutans, Goodall was one of three women recently dubbed by some as "Leakey's Angels".
Personal life
Goodall has been married twice. On 28 March 1964 she married aristocratic wildlife photographer Baron Hugo van Lawick at Chelsea Old Church, London, becoming Baroness Jane van Lawick-Goodall. The couple had a son, Hugo Eric Louis, affectionately known as 'Grub', who was born in 1967. They divorced in 1974. In 1975 she married Derek Bryceson (a member of Tanzania's parliament and the director of that country's national parks) and they remained married until his death in 1980. Jane and her younger sister, Judy, both suffer from prosopagnosia, a neurological condition which impairs the recognition of human faces. [1]
Professional accomplishments
Orphaned by poachers, young chimpanzees are raised by volunteers and researchers at the Tchimpounga Sanctuary (part of the Jane Goodall Institute) in the Republic of the Congo.Goodall is best known for her study of chimpanzee social and family life. In 1977, Goodall established the Jane Goodall Institute (JGI), which supports the Gombe research, and she is a global leader in the effort to protect chimpanzees and their habitats. With nineteen offices around the world, the JGI is widely recognized for innovative, community-centered conservation and development programs in Africa and a global youth program, Roots & Shoots, which currently has over 8,000 groups in over 100 countries. Today, Goodall devotes virtually all of her time to advocacy on behalf of chimpanzees and the environment, traveling nearly 300 days a year. Goodall is also a board member for the world's largest chimpanzee sanctuary outside of Africa, Save the Chimps in Fort Pierce, Florida.
Goodall was instrumental in the study of social learning, primate cognition, thinking and culture in wild chimpanzees, their differentiation from the bonobo, and the inclusion of both chimpanzee species, and the gorilla, as Hominids.
One of Goodall's major break-throughs in the field of primatology was the discovery of tool-making among chimpanzees during her study. Though many animals had been clearly observed using 'tools', previously, only humans were thought to make tools, and tool-making was considered the defining difference between humans and other animals. This discovery convinced several scientists to reconsider their definition of being human.[2]
Goodall also set herself apart from the traditional conventions of the time by naming the animals in her studies of primates, instead of assigning each a number. Numbering was a nearly universal practice at the time, and thought to be important in the removal of one's self from the potential for emotional attachment to the subject being studied. Among those that Goodall named during her years in Gombe were:
David Greybeard, a grey-chinned male who first warmed up to Goodall.[3]
Goliath, a friend of David Greybeard, originally the alpha male named for his bold nature.
Mike, who through his cunning and improvisation displaced Goliath as the alpha male.
Humphrey, a big, strong, bullysome male.
Gigi, a large, sterile female who delighted in being the "aunt" of any young chimps or humans.
Mr. McGregor, a belligerent older male.
Flo, a motherly, high-ranking female with a bulbous nose and ragged ears, and her children, Figan, Faben, Fifi, and Flint.[4][5]
Environmentalism
Jane Goodall's involvement in tropical forests and conservation has led her to be actively involved in a number of environmental issues, and to found the Roots & Shoots youth group. She has also endorsed the Forests Now Declaration, calling for new market based mechanisms to protect tropical forests. She is a patron of the Optimum Population Trust.
Criticism
Some primatologists have suggested flaws in Goodall's methodology which may call into question the validity of her observations. Goodall used unconventional practices in her study, for example, naming individuals instead of numbering them. Numbering is used to prevent emotional attachment and loss of objectivity. Many standard methods are aimed at helping observers to avoid interference and the use of feeding stations to attract Gombe chimpanzees is, in particular, thought by some to have altered normal foraging and feeding patterns as well as social relationships.[2]
It has been suggested that higher levels of aggression and conflict with other chimpanzee groups in the area were a consequences of the feeding, which could have created the "wars" between chimpanzee social groups described by Goodall. Thus, some regard Goodall's observations as distortions of normal chimpanzee behavior.[3] Goodall herself (on several occasions) acknowledged that feeding contributed to aggression within and between groups:
"I didn't see aggression to start with. There's no question that chimpanzees become more aggressive as a result of crowding, as a result of competition for food." (J. Goodall)
"It's very hard to look back with hindsight and say oh well I would have done it differently. If I had gone to Gombe and had access to information about the effect of feeding bananas on wild chimpanzees I wouldn\u2019t have done it". (J. Goodall)
However, Goodall has also said that the effect was limited to alteration of the intensity and not the nature of chimpanzee conflict and further that feeding was necessary for the study to be effective at all.
Some recent studies such as the study by Crickette Sanz in the Goualougo Triangle (Congo) or by Prof. Christophe Boesch in the Tai Forest (Ivory Coast) have not shown the aggression observed in the Gombe studies.[4]
"So far, we haven't seen any abnormal levels of aggression. We've never seen chimps killing other chimps. We haven't seen highly elevated territorial disputes. If I had to guess, I wouldn't expect to see it". (C. Sanz)
"I have not seen this kind of killing in Tai Forest. This violence is not always present". (C. Boesch)
However, not all primatologists agree that the studies are flawed; for example, Jim Moore provides a critique of Margaret Powers' assertions[5] and some studies of other chimpanzee groups have shown similar aggression to Gombe even in the absence of feeding.[6]
Honours
Jane Goodall has received many honors for her environmental and humanitarian work, as well as others. She was named a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in a ceremony held in Buckingham Palace in 2004. In April 2002, Secretary-General Kofi Annan named Dr. Goodall a United Nations Messenger of Peace. Her other honors include the Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement, the French Legion of Honor, Medal of Tanzania, Japan's prestigious Kyoto Prize, the Benjamin Franklin Medal in Life Science, the Gandhi-King Award for Nonviolence and the Spanish Premio Pr\u00edncipe de Asturias. She is also a member of the advisory board of BBC Wildlife magazine.
In 2002, the Canadian city of Greater Sudbury, Ontario dedicated a walking trail, highlighting some of the city's efforts to rehabilitate environmental damage from the local mining industry, to Goodall. [7]
On 7 July 2007 Goodall presented at Live Earth.
In April 2008, Jane was awarded the Montana State University Medal for Global and Visionary Leadership.
Animal welfare activism
Jane Goodall is an animal welfare activist and is the former president of Advocates for Animals, an organization based in Edinburgh, Scotland, that campaigns against the use of animals in medical research, zoos, farming and sport.
In May 2008, Goodall controversially described Edinburgh Zoo's new primate enclosure as a "wonderful facility" where monkeys are "are probably better off [than those] living in the wild in an area like Budongo, where one in six gets caught in a wire snare, and countries like Congo, where chimpanzees, monkeys and gorillas are shot for food commercially." [8] This was in conflict with Advocates for Animals' position on captive animals, who stated "She's entitled to her opinion, but our position isn't going to change. We oppose the keeping of animals in captivity for entertainment." [9] In June 2008 Goodall confirmed that she had resigned the presidency of the organisation which she had held since 1998, citing her busy schedule and explaining, "I just don't have time for them." [10]
David Greybeard Sculpture at Animal KingdomGoodall is honored by the Walt Disney Company with a plaque on the The Tree of Life at Walt Disney World's Animal Kingdom theme park, alongside a carving of her beloved David Greybeard, the original chimp who approached Goodall during her first year at Gombe.[7] The story goes that when she was invited to visit the developing Animal Kingdom park as a consultant and saw the Tree of Life, she didn't see a chimp as part of the tree. To rectify this situation, the Imagineers added the carving of David Graybeard and the plaque honoring her at the entrance to the It's Tough to be a Bug! show.
Cartoonist Gary Larson once drew a cartoon that showed two chimpanzees grooming. One finds a human hair on the other and inquires, "Conducting a little more 'research' with that Jane Goodall tramp?" The Jane Goodall Institute thought this to be in bad taste, and had their lawyers draft a letter to Larson and his distribution syndicate, in which they described the cartoon as an "atrocity." They were stymied, however, by Goodall herself, who revealed that she found the cartoon amusing. Since then, all profits from sales of a shirt featuring this cartoon have gone to the JGI.
Dr. Goodall also appeared and lent her voice as herself in the animated TV series The Wild Thornberrys.
In the American Dad! episode I Can't Stan You, a woman complains that her neighbour Linda Memari is hairy, and says that she "felt like Jane Goodall just talking to her".
In the video game Justice League Heroes while in Gorilla City, The Flash says "Quick!, Somebody page Jane Goodall".
The protagonist in Jonathan Safran Foer's second novel, Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close, asks Goodall for a recommendation, to which she responds with a gentle rejection.
In The Simpsons episode "Simpsons Safari", a character loosely based on Goodall is a research scientist in charge of a Chimpanzees refuge who is secretly forcing them to mine diamonds for her benefit.
Jane Goodall is a regular character in the "Steve and Terry" theme of Irregular Webcomic.
On her album "Street Angel" Stevie Nicks pays tribute to Jane Goodall with the track "Jane".
In the movie George of the Jungle, Beatrice Stanhope sits next to Ape the Gorilla and says "I feel just like Jane Goodall", to which Ape replies "Ma'am, I have known Jane Goodall, and you certainly aren't Jane Goodall"
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过去，我们认为人类是唯一懂感情的动物。珍妮发现，黑猩猩每天要用两三个小时互相梳理皮毛联络感情，这是它们必不可少的社交活动，而寻找食物则花一个小时。它们从整理皮毛得到的温情与快意似乎超过了吃东西的愉快。它们久别重逢的场面酷似人类，不乏搂抱、握手的亲热之举。可见黑猩猩的感情世界非常丰富。我们要感谢珍妮的一伟大的发现，不然我们不知还要等上多少年。
In the past, we believe that man is the only animal to understand the feelings of. Jeanne found, every other chimpanzee grooming Contact feelings for two or three hours, it is essential to their social activities, while looking for food, spend an hour. Them from the warmth and joy finishing coat appears to be more than happy to eat. They after being apart a long time scene just like a human being, not to move, shake hands. Visible chimpanzee feeling in the world is very rich. A great find that we would like to thank Jeanne, or we don't have to wait many years.
如果说我们是自大的种族莫不如说我们是科学历史的牺牲品，我们现在应该懂得生命的意义及价值。古道尔对黑猩猩和灵长类动物的感情之深厚，还可以从一次谈话中听出来。她说："当我看了有些医学科学家实验用的关在笼子里的猩猩或猴子时，就好像在波兰参观纳粹集中营时所感受到的同样滋味。"她把在非洲各地市场上骨瘦如柴可怜的黑猩猩收养起来。可是当她的妈妈薇恩的生命得救于猪心瓣的嫁接时，也不得不承认她对动物的爱好也有其片面性的方面。
If we are arrogant race there is nothing like that we are victims of the history of science, we should understand the meaning and value of life now. Goodall chimpanzee and primate animal feelings deep, can also hear it from a conversation. She said: "when I read some medical scientists experiments with caged chimpanzees or monkeys, like in Poland to visit the same taste Nazi concentration camp felt. "She put in markets around the Africa as thin poor chimpanzee adopted. But when her mother in her life has been saved by porcine flap grafting, had to admit that her love of the animal also has its one sidedness.
为了唤起公众环保意识，珍妮建立了一个全球范围的青少年教育计划：根与芽。
In order to raise public awareness of environmental protection, Jeanne established a youth education program in a global: roots and shoots.
“根，在地下四处蜿蜒而生，为植物生长奠定了坚实的基础。幼芽看似柔弱，但为了接触到阳光，它们努力生长，甚至可以钻透厚厚的砖墙。困扰着我们这颗星球的种种问题就好像是那些砖墙。成千上万如根之坚、芽之韧的年轻人遍布世界，为了更广阔的光明，他们一定可以冲破重重壁垒。" 珍妮说：年轻人容易悲观失望。我回想起60多年来世界的变迁，也会对某些改变感到遗憾。但是，很多困难是可以克服的，很多令人不满的状况都是可以通过自己的双手改变的。只要你去做。”创造一种信念、信心，是"根与芽"的初衷和目标。
"The root, in the ground around the winding, laid a solid foundation for the growth of plants. Bud appears to be weak, but in order to exposure to the sun, they strive to grow, even can drill through the thick brick walls. All sorts of problems plaguing the planet like the bricks. Tens of thousands of such as root of Kennedy, bud resilience of young people all over the world, in order to more broad and bright, they can break through the barriers. Jeanne said: "young people are easily disappointed. I think back over the past 60 years the world changes, feel sorry for some change. However, many difficulties can be overcome, many unsatisfactory condition is changed by their own hands. As long as you do." To create a belief, faith, is the "original intention and goal of root and bud".
“很多人问我，想要通过这个活动来拯救地球吗？不，我并不那样认为。我们没有能力改变整个世界，可是，我们可以努力去改变一个人或一个地方，我想，这就够了。”
"A lot of people ask me, want to through this activity to save the earth? No, I don't think so. We do not have the ability to change the world, but, we can try to change a person or a place, I think, that's enough."
从东非成立第一个组织起，"根与芽"今天已发展成为在50余个国家注册的1000多个团体，无论是学龄前儿童还是大学生。根与芽"组织的活动推进本地人对动物、人类社区和环境问题的关注。这些小组之间建立了稳固的联系，通过各种渠道互通有无，共同商讨怎样使生活更美好的课题。 “这是学生们自愿报名参加的课余小组，8岁以下的孩子是有老师指导的，小学以上的学生小组完全是自主的，没有老师和家长的干预，但是我们会对他们提出每个学期的期望。学生们自己寻找问题和解决办法，自己去募捐资金。只有当孩子们认识到这是他们自己的组织，是在为自己做事情，他们才能够认真地去感受和体验，才能树立起信心。”
From the East and established the first organized, "roots and shoots" has become today registered in more than 50 countries more than 1000 groups, whether preschool children or students. Root and shoot "organized activities to promote local people attention to animal, human community and environmental issues. Stable relationships between these groups, mutual exchange of needed products through various channels, to discuss how to make life better in the subject. "This is the students enrolled in the voluntary after-school group, children under the age of 8 are teachers, primary school students and above team is completely independent, no teacher and parents of intervention, but we will make each semester expectations for them. The students find their own problems and solutions, to raise funds. Only when the children realize that this is their own organization, is doing things for themselves, they can seriously to feel and experience, in order to establish confidence."
关于著名动物生态学家珍妮·古道尔（Jane Goodall）的经历，说来非常动人。古道尔1934年4月3日出生于伦敦。她从小痴心于动物，爱读杜立特写的动物故事书。她知道非洲的哺乳类动物最丰富，很想到那里去。她没有钱，就去当女招待和女秘书，攒足了旅费钱就启程到了非洲的肯尼亚。
她对她观察得最仔细的刚比群中每个成员都认得，并为它们起了名字。例如Flo是只漂亮而性感的母猩猩，她哺育了好几个子女，其中最小的儿子叫Flint。在这对母子间的感情好得无以复加，到母亲死后，小儿子十分伤心，不久也死了。然而，由于嫉妒，不时有母猩猩把不是自己生的婴儿抢过来残忍地弄死后吃掉。
于是古道尔发现了不少习性与人类间的多少有相通之处。可是经过长期的观察，期间的差别还是很大。古道尔认为，黑猩猩不像人类有个性，有意识。她研究不出黑猩猩的意识是什么，也看不出它们的个性是否存在。
作为一位杰出的科学家，古道尔的品德为众人所仰慕。首先是她对自然界特别是动物界的无限爱好和了解，对知识的永不满足；其次是她有超人的勇气、耐心和恒心，能够去平常人不敢去的野兽出没之区而无所畏惧；第三是她作了入微见细的观察和客观翔实的记录，为自己的科学研究提供第一手的资料；第四是她忠实于科学事业，从不讳言自己在观察和研究中的缺点。例如她说不应该用香蕉给她的黑猩猩朋友，因为这样做有可能改变了它们的生存环境和生活习惯，从而使所观察到的资料和进行的判断产生偏倚。在科学研究中，任何有使结果产生偏倚
http://webster.edu/~woolflm/goodall.html
绛旓細Jane Goodall (绠 鍙ら亾灏) is an English United Nations Messenger of Peace, primatologist, ethologist, and anthropologist. She is well-known for her 45-year study of chimpanzee social and family interactions in Gombe Stream National Park, Tanzania, and for founding the Jane Goodall ...
绛旓細涓枃绠浠嬶細鐝嵚峰彜閬撳皵1934鍑虹敓浜庝鸡鏁銆傝繕鏄湪瀛╂彁鏃朵唬锛岀弽鐨勫濡堝氨寮濮嬪煿鍏诲ス瀵瑰ぇ鑷劧鐨勭儹鐖卞拰瀵瑰姩鐗╃殑娴撳帤鍏磋叮銆傜弽濡垰婊″懆宀佺殑鏃跺,浼︽暒鍔ㄧ墿鍥涓娆′骇涓嬩簡涓鍙皬鐚╃尒銆備负浜嗚〃绀哄簡绁,濡堝缁欏コ鍎夸拱浜嗕竴涓ぇ鐨勮摤鏉剧帺鍏烽粦鐚╃尒銆備粠姝わ紝杩欎釜鐜╁叿鏈辨瘮閲屽氨鎴愪簡鐝嶆渶浜茬埍鐨勬湅鍙嬶紝闄即濂瑰害杩囦簡鏁翠釜绔ュ勾鏃朵唬銆備粠灏...
绛旓細In 1975, she established has devoted to the wild animal research, education and the protection of the Jane Goodall Institute, research work around the world to promote animal. Her great contribution as well as "shooting the National Geographic" for her a wonderful movie made her well-known in ...
绛旓細The Jane Goodall Institute has had an exhibition of gory photographs at Beijing Zoo, next to the tropical bird house.Both he and primatologist Jane Goodall have observed chimpanzees dancing with total abandon at waterfalls that emerge after heavy rains."He's always thinking about how w...
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绛旓細JaneGoodall has studied the chimps for many years in Africa and helped people understand how much they behave like human. Jane was determined to work withanimals in their own environment . She spent many years oberserving and recording their daily activities.For 40...
绛旓細andherstudyoftheirbodylanguagehelpedherworkouttheirsocialsystem.ForfortyyearsJaneGoodallhasbeenoutspokenaboutmakingtherestoftheworldunderstandandrespectthelifeoftheseanimals.Shehasarguedthatwildanimalsshouldbeleftinthewildandnotusedforentertainmentoradvertisements.Shehashelpedtosetupspecialplaceswheretheycanlive...
绛旓細Jane Goodall鏄竴浣嶄韩鏈夊浗闄呭０瑾夌殑鍔ㄧ墿琛屼负瀛﹀鍜屼繚鑲蹭汉澹紝濂瑰榛戠尒鐚╃殑鐮旂┒鍜屼繚鎶ゅ伐浣滄湁鐫娣辫繙鐨勮础鐚傚ス鍑虹敓浜1934骞达紝鑷充粖宸茬粡搴﹁繃浜80澶氫釜鏄ョ锛屼粛鐒舵椿璺冨湪鍚勭鐜繚鍜屽姩鐗╀繚鎶ょ殑娲诲姩涓傚ス鐨勫仴搴风姸鍐佃壇濂斤紝绮剧鐭嶉搫锛岀户缁嚧鍔涗簬鎺ㄥ姩鍏ㄧ悆鐨勫姩鐗╀繚鎶や簨涓氥侴oodall鐨勭爺绌剁敓娑浜庡ス瀵归噹鐢熷姩鐗╋紝鐗瑰埆鏄榛...
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绛旓細绛旀: C 鎸囧:鏈夊悗闈㈤粦鐚╃尒鈥滈愭笎鈥濋傚簲浜JaneGoodall鐨勫嚭鐜板垽鏂,搴旂敤soon,鍥犱负soon鎰忎负鈥滃揩鈥,鎸団滄椂闂粹濇蹇点傚叾浠栦笉鎸団滄椂闂存蹇碘濄17. A. nets B. tools C. holes D. sticks 绛旀: B 鎸囧:浠庝笅鏂囩殑toolmaker鍒ゆ柇,杩欐槸JaneGoodall鐨勯噸澶у彂鐜:榛戠尒鐚╀篃浼氬埗浣滃苟浣跨敤鈥滃伐鍏封濄備絾姝ゅ骞朵笉娑夊強鍏蜂綋浣跨敤浠涔...
