哪位好心人可以给我一份关于滤波器方面的中英文的翻译对照！！！万分感谢！！！ 急！急！急！~有哪位好心人可以帮忙解决下啊？？？求下面一段话...
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Everyone is good in the morning!
Does everyone like a little animal?Does someone keep a super - puppy?
I will share a photograph with everyone today, please see PPT.
Is quite good, this is a pet dog.Does someone know what species it belongs to?
Below I will make concrete for everybody explanation under: Its Chinese name is called \u201cChina to brush the dog\u201d, is in the world one of only several non-wool dog varieties. Is native to the German China small to enjoy the dog, because the dog top of the head has brushes, looks like the Qing Dynasty official's hat very much, therefore acquires fame. China brushes the dog to have two varieties. in 1975 the US started to introduce. It belongs to the toy dog, is not big, generally the body high does not surpass 33 centimeters. Its skin color is the variety, the color is diverse, common has the black bottom to match the blue color mottling, has the flesh color bottom color bottom to match the coffee color mottling. China brushes the dog to love very much cleanly, does not shed hair, is docile, likes being intimate with the human, is one kind of very suitable family cultivation to enjoy the dog.
Speaking is so many, I finally mean to say, the dog is our most faithful friend, only have host in their world, they fetch of the merriment is all other things incapability substitute of.So, we want to treat kindly them and is the dog as the best friend!
电源滤波器是由电感和电容组成的低通滤波电路所构成，它允许直流或50Hz电流通过，对频率较高的干扰信号则有较大的衰减。由于干扰信号有差模和共模两种，因此电源滤波器要对这两种干扰都具有衰减作用。
电源滤波器的主要指标
当我们选用电源滤波器时，应主要考虑三个方面的指标；首先是电压/电流，其次是插入损耗，最后是结构尺寸。由于滤波器内部一般是经过灌封处理的，因此环境特性不是主要问题。但是所有的灌封材料和滤波电容器的温度特性对电源滤波器的环境特性有一定的影响。
a）电压、电流对使用效果的影响
电源有交流直流之分，与此相对应，许多厂家的电源滤波器也分为交流和直流两种。从原理上讲，交流电源滤波器既可用在交流电源上，也可在直流电源上使用；但直流电源滤波器不能用在交流的场合，这主要因为直流滤波器中的电容器的耐压较低，并且有可能其交流损耗较大，导致过热。即使直流滤波器耐压没有问题，由于直流滤波器中使用了容量较大的共模滤波电容器，如果在交流的场合会产生漏电流超标的问题。因此，直流电源滤波器绝对不能用在交流的场合。交流滤波器用在直流场合，从安全的角度看没有问题，但要付出成本和体积的代价；在样机阶段，如果手头正好有交流滤波器，可以代替直流滤波器。
当电源滤波器的工作电流超过额定电流时，不仅会造成滤波器过热，而且会导致滤波器的低频滤波性能降低。这是因为滤波器中的电感在较大电流的情况下，磁芯会发生饱和现象，使实际电感量减小。因此，确定滤波器的额定工作电流时，要以设备的最大工作电流为准，确保滤波器在最大电流状态下具有良好的性能，否则当干扰在最大工作电流状态下出现时，设备会受到干扰或传导发射超标。
在确定滤波器的额定电流时，要留有一定的余量；特别是人们习惯上对交流电称“有效值”，而不是交流电的“峰值”，留有一定余量是非常有必要的。一般滤波器的额定电流值应取实际电流值的1.5倍。
b) 插入损耗对使用效果的影响：
从抑制干扰的角度考虑，插入损耗是最重要的指标。插入损耗分为差模插入损耗和共模插入损耗。
选用电源滤波器是怎样确定所需要的插入损耗
首先在设备的电源入口处不安装滤波器，对设备进行传导发射和传导敏感度的测量，并与要满足的标准进行比较，看两者之间相差多少分贝，滤波器的作用是弥补上这个差距。以抑制设备的传导发射为例，给出了确定滤波器插入损耗的过程。首先将设备的传导发射值最大包络线（a）与标准给出的限制值线（b）相比较，计算其差值得到需要的插入损耗值（c）。由于电源滤波器是低通滤波器将插入损耗线（c）变换为低通滤波器插入损耗的形式（d），（d）就是滤波器需要的插入损耗值。
注意: （d）并不是低频滤波器的特性，而是一个带阻滤波器的特性，这是考虑到实际滤波器的非理想性（见下一节）。
但如果从厂家的产品样本上选择插入损耗值满足（d）的滤波器，十有八九会失败。因为厂家产品样本上的数据是在滤波器两端阻抗为50Ω的条件下测得的，而实际使用条件并不是这样。因此在实际使用条件下，滤波器的插入损耗会有所降低。为了保险起见，在从产品样本中选择滤波器时，应加20dB的余量，这就得到了（e）。从样本上选择滤波器，其插入损耗应满足（e）的要求。
实际电源滤波器与理想滤波器的差距
理想的电源滤波器是低通滤波器，但实际的电源滤波器通常是带阻滤波器。造成这种差别的原因是电容器和电感器的非理想性。
电容器的引线是有电感的，而电感线圈上又存在着寄生电容，尽管这些电感、电容很小，但当频率较高时，它们的影响是不能忽略的。因此由实际电感、电容器构成的低通滤波器电路在频率较高时，就变成了一个带阻滤波器电路。
此外，高频时器件之间的耦合也是造成滤波器在高频区间插入损耗减小的一个原因。从图可以看到，器件之间的距离对滤波器的高频性能有很大的影响。这种影响在1MHz时就已经很明显了。
因此，即使滤波器的电路结构完全相同，由于器件的特性不同、器件的安装方式的不同、内部结构的不同，它们的高频性能会差很多。滤波器的电路结构仅决定了滤波器的低频特性。要想提高滤波器的高频性能，生产时需要从许多方面注意制作工艺，如选用电感小的电容器、制作寄生电容小的电感、焊接时电容器的引线尽量短、在内部采取适当的隔离等。
电源滤波器高频插入损耗的重要性
许多人认为，既然传导发射极限值的频率上限30MHz，那么就没有必要对滤波器的高频衰减提出要求。这是一个误解，也正是存在这种错误的概念让许多人在使设备满足电磁兼容标准的过程中走了很长弯路，浪费了大量的时间和经费。
由于设备上的电缆是高效的辐射天线，当电缆上有高频传导电流时，会产生强烈的辐射，使设备不能满足辐射发射极限值的要求。因此，当电源线上有高频干扰电流时，同样也会产生辐射，使设备的辐射发射超标。对于一个没有电磁兼容经验的人来说，这个问题是很难发现的；因为当他所开发的设备辐射发射超标时，它会从机箱、信号电缆等环节检查（这是许多教科书和培训班中所介绍的），而根本想不到会是电源线的问题。
特别是设备的电源线传导发射已经满足了标准要求时，它绝想不到应再次检查电源线是否有问题，所以，电源滤波器的高频特性是十分重要的。
特别提示：当设备的辐射发射不合格时，别忘记检查电源线的共模传导发射，很多场合辐射发射的超标时由于电源线上的共模电流造成的。
翻译成英文是：
Power filter the basic principles of
Power filter inductance and capacitance is composed of low-pass filter circuit posed by, it allows 50 Hz or DC current through the high frequency signal interference is a greater attenuation. As a differential mode signal interference and a total of two-and therefore the power to the two interference filters have attenuation role.
The main indicators of the power filter
When we choose power filter, they should consider three main aspects of the indicators; First, the voltage / current, followed by the insertion loss, and finally the structure size. As is generally the internal filter through the potting processing, environmental characteristics is not a major problem. But all of the potting material and filter capacitors on the power of the temperature of the filter of a certain environmental impact.
a) voltage and current effects of the use of
A DC power exchange of points, and Correspondingly, many manufacturers also filter into the power exchange and two DC. From the principle of speaking, the AC power filters can use in AC power, can also be used in the DC power supply, but DC power supply filter can not be used in the exchange of occasions, mainly because the DC filter capacitors in the low pressure, And may exchange loss of its larger, leading to overheating. Even if DC filter pressure no problem, since DC filters used in the capacity of the larger common mode filter capacitor, if the exchange will have the occasion超标leakage current problems. Therefore, the DC power supply filter absolutely can not be used in the exchange of occasions. AC filter used in DC occasions, from a security point of view there is no problem, but the cost and size have to pay the price in the prototype stage, if there is exchange of filter-on-hand, can replace the DC filter.
When the power supply filter over the work of current rated current, the filter will not only cause overheating and will lead to the low-frequency filter filter performance degradation. This is because the filter of the ICP in the larger current circumstances, core saturation phenomenon will occur so that the actual decrease of inductance. Therefore, the filter is determined rated current, it is necessary to work to the best current equipment, whichever is to ensure that the filter in the maximum current state has a good performance, or when the interference in the work of the largest current state arise, the equipment will be subject to interference Or conduction launch超标.
In determining filter rated current, it is necessary to have a certain cushion in particular on the people's habit of alternating current "RMS", instead of alternating current "peak" and have a certain cushion is very necessary. General filter rated current value shall be the actual current value of 1.5 times.
b) insertion loss of the use of the effect of:
Inhibit interference from the point of view, the insertion loss is the most important indicators. Insertion loss into differential mode insertion loss and common mode insertion loss.
Optional power filter is needed to determine how the insertion loss
First of all in the power equipment installed at the entrance do not filter, transmission equipment for launching and conduction of the sensitivity of measurement, and to meet the standards of comparison, look at the difference between the number of decibels, the role of filter is on the cover Gap. To curb the transmission equipment launch as an example, is to determine the filter insertion loss process. First of all equipment will launch the conduction of the largest envelope (a) and the limit value is the standard line (b), compared to calculate the margin required by the insertion loss of value (c). As power supply is low pass filter will filter insertion loss-(c) to transform low-pass filter insertion loss in the form of (d), (d) is the need to filter insertion loss of value.
Note: (d) is not the characteristics of low-frequency filter, but a band stop filter characteristics, taking into account the actual filter of the non-ideal (see next section).
However, if samples from the manufacturers of products on the choice of insertion loss of value to meet (d) the filter, in all likelihood will fail. Because the manufacturers of products for data at both ends of the filter for 50 Ω impedance under the conditions measured, and the actual conditions of use is not the case. Therefore, in actual use conditions, the filter insertion loss will be reduced. In order to insurance purposes, the choice of samples of products from the filter, should be 20 dB of headroom, which has been (e). Select samples from the filter, should meet its insertion loss (e) requirements.
The actual power filter and the gap between the ideal filter
Power filter is the ideal low-pass filter, but the actual power filter is usually band stop filter. The reason for this difference is capacitors and inductors of the non-ideal.
The lead capacitors are inductors, coils and inductors again there is a parasitic capacitance, despite these inductors, capacitors small, but when the frequency is higher, their impact can not be ignored. So from the actual inductors, capacitors posed by low-pass filter circuit in a high frequency, it became a band stop filter circuit.
In addition, high-frequency device when the coupling between the filter is caused by high-frequency range insertion loss reduced one of the reasons why. Can be seen from the map, the distance between devices to filter the high-frequency performance has greatly affected. This impact in the 1 MHz when the already apparent.
Therefore, even if the filter of the same circuit, because of the characteristics of different devices installed in different ways, the internal structure of the different, and their high-frequency performance will be a lot worse. Filter the decision of the circuit only the low-frequency filter characteristics. To improve the performance of high-frequency filter, production from the need to pay attention to many aspects of the production process, such as small selection of inductance capacitors, producing small parasitic capacitance of the inductors, capacitors at the welding lead the shortest possible in-house to take appropriate isolation, and so on.
Power filter the importance of high-frequency insertion loss
Many people believe that, since the launch conduction ceiling limits the frequency 30 MHz, then there is no need to filter the high-frequency attenuation demands. This is a misunderstanding, there is also the concept of such a mistake many people make equipment to meet the electromagnetic compatibility standards in the process of taking a long detour, wasting a great deal of time and funding.
Because the cable is a high-performance antenna radiation, when the cable on the current high-frequency transmission, will have a strong radiation, so that equipment can not meet the requirements of radiation emission limits. Therefore, when a power line at the current high-frequency interference, and also have the same radiation, the radiation equipment to launch超标. For an experience of EMC, this issue is very difficult to find; because when he radiation equipment developed by the allowed level during the launch, it will be from the chassis, signal cables link check (which is in many textbooks and training courses , Introduced by), but simply can not think will be the power cord problem.
Special equipment is the power transmission line has been launched to meet the standard requirements, it absolutely can not think should double-check the power cord is a problem, so the power of high-frequency filter is very important.
Special Tip: When the radiation equipment at the launch failure, do not forget to check the power cord common mode of transmission launch, many occasions of radiation allowed level during the launch due to the power line caused by common mode current.
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