英语中名词单复变化规律是怎样的？ 英语中名词的复数有什么规律
\u8bf7\u603b\u7ed3\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e2d\u5b66\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u5355\u590d\u540c\u5f62\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u3001\u96c6\u5408\u540d\u8bcd\u548c\u603b\u79f0\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u4e3b\u8c13\u4e00\u81f4\u6307\u201c\u4eba\u79f0\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6570\u201d\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5bf9\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u5728\u638c\u63e1\u4e3b\u8bed\u548c\u968f\u540e\u7684\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u9047\u5230\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e3b\u8c13\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u4e2a\u539f\u5219\u652f\u914d\uff1a
\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e00\u81f4\u539f\u5219 (grammatical concord)
\u610f\u4e49\u4e00\u81f4\u539f\u5219 (notional concord)
\u5c31\u8fd1\u539f\u5219 (principle of proximity)
\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e00\u81f4\u539f\u5219
\u7528\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u8bcd\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bcd\u548c\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u5728\u5355\u3001\u590d\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u540d\u8bcd\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bcd\u662f\u5355\u6570\uff0c\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u5355\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u540d\u8bcd\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bcd\u662f\u590d\u6570\uff0c\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u590d\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
This table is a genuine antique.
Both parties have their own advantages.
Her job has something to do with computers.
She wants to go home.
They are divorcing each other.
Mary was watching herself in the mirror.
The bird built a nest.
Susan comes home every week-end.
\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u610f\u4e49\u4e00\u81f4\u539f\u5219
\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3b\u8bed\u548c\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u5173\u7cfb\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u5355\u3001\u590d\u6570\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u5355\u3001\u590d\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u5173\u7cfb\u5c31\u662f\u610f\u4e49\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
Democratic government gradually take the place of an all-powerful monarchy.
A barracks was attacked by the guerilla.
Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.
The United States is a developed country.
It is the remains of a ruined palace.
The archives was lost.
This pair of trousers costs fifty dollars.
\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u5c31\u8fd1\u539f\u5219
\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u5355\u3001\u590d\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e8e\u6700\u9760\u8fd1\u5b83\u7684\u8bcd\u8bed\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
Either my grandsons or their father is coming.
No one except his daughters agree with him.
Mary and her sisters are baking a cake.
Neither Richard nor I am going.
\u4e8c\u3001\u4ee5\u96c6\u5408\u540d\u8bcd\u505a\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u4e3b\u8c13\u4e00\u81f4\u95ee\u9898
\u6709\u4e9b\u96c6\u5408\u540d\u8bcd\uff0committee,council,crew,crowd,family,gang,government,group,mob,staff,team, union\u7b49\uff0c\u5728\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u662f\u590d\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8bed\u6cd5\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u662f\u5355\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u540d\u8bcd\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u4e3b\u8c13\u4e00\u81f4\u95ee\u9898\u5f80\u5f80\u9075\u5faa\u201c\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e00\u81f4\u201d\u6216\u201c\u610f\u4e49\u4e00\u81f4\u201d\u539f\u5219\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
The committee has/have decided to dismiss him.
A council of elders governs the tribe.
The present government is trying to control inflation.
The school staff are expected to supervise school meals.
\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u901a\u5e38\u4f5c\u590d\u6570\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u540d\u8bcd
\u5305\u62ecpolice,people, cattle, militia, vermin\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u96c6\u4f53\u540d\u8bcd\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4f5c\u590d\u6570\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
The British police have only very limited powers.
The militia were called out to guard the borderland.
It seems the cattle on the sides of the dikes were the only living creatures in these desolate surroundings.
\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u901a\u5e38\u4f5c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6570\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u540d\u8bcd
\u901a\u5e38\u4f5c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6570\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u5305\u62ecpoultry,foliage\uff0cmachinery, equipment,furniture,
merchandise\u7b49,\u8fd9\u7c7b\u540d\u8bcd\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u5355\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
Poultry is expensive at this time of year.
That green foliage was restful.
The merchandise has arrived undamaged.
All the machinery in the factory is made in China.
The suite of furniture he bought was of contemporary style.
The equipment of the photographic studio was expensive.
\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u53ef\u4f5c\u5355\u6570\u4e5f\u53ef\u4f5c\u590d\u6570\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u540d\u8bcd
\u53ef\u4f5c\u5355\u6570\u4e5f\u53ef\u4f5c\u590d\u6570\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u540d\u8bcd,\u5305\u62ecaudience, committee, crew, family, government,jury\u7b49\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
The audience was/were enthusiastic on the opening night of the play.
The committee has/have decided to dismiss him.
The jury is/are about to announce the winners.
The government has/have discussed the matter for a long time.
\u4e09\u3001a committee, etc of +\u590d\u6570\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u4e3b\u8c13\u4e00\u81f4\u95ee\u9898
\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u8bed\u662f\u7531a committee of /a panel of /a (the) board of +\u590d\u6570\u540d\u8bcd\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u5355\u6570\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
A committee of twelve men is to discuss the matter.
A panel of experts has considered the situation.
The board of managers is responsible for the firm.
\u56db\u3001\u4ee5-s\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u4e3b\u8c13\u4e00\u81f4\u95ee\u9898
\u82f1\u8bed\u53ef\u6570\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u590d\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u5728\u8bcd\u5c3e\u52a0-s\u6216-es\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ee5-s\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u53ef\u6570\u540d\u8bcd\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7528\u6cd5\u591a\u6837\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u7684\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8be6\u8ff0\u4e86\u4ee5-s\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u4e3b\u8c13\u4e00\u81f4\u95ee\u9898\u3002
\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u4ee5-s\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u540d\u79f0\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u4e3b\u8c13\u4e00\u81f4\u95ee\u9898
\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u4ee5-s\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u540d\u79f0\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u4e3b\u8c13\u4e00\u81f4\u95ee\u9898
\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u4ee5-s\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u5730\u7406\u540d\u79f0\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u4e3b\u8c13\u4e00\u81f4\u95ee\u9898
\uff08\u56db\uff09\u4ee5-ics\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u540d\u79f0\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u4e3b\u8c13\u4e00\u81f4\u95ee\u9898
\uff08\u4e94\uff09\u5176\u5b83\u4ee5-s\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u4e3b\u8c13\u4e00\u81f4\u95ee\u9898
\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u4ee5-s\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u540d\u79f0\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u4e3b\u8c13\u4e00\u81f4\u95ee\u9898
\u4ee5-s\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u540d\u79f0\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u4e3b\u8c13\u4e00\u81f4\u95ee\u9898,\u5982\uff1aarthritis,bronchitis,diabetes,mumps,phlebitis,rickets,\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4ee5-s\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u540d\u79f0\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u65f6\uff0c\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4f5c\u5355\u6570\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
Arthritis causes great pain in the joints of the patient.
The diabetes is a kind of chronic disease.
Measles usually occurs in children.
Phlebitis is a swollen condition of the blood vessels.
\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u4ee5-s\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u540d\u79f0\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u4e3b\u8c13\u4e00\u81f4\u95ee\u9898
\u4ee5-s\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u540d\u79f0\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u65f6\uff0c\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4f5c\u5355\u6570\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
Darts is basically a easy game.
Marbles is not confined to children.
Skittles is not fashionable nowadays.
Draughts is not very difficult to learn.
\u4f46\u5f53Darts\uff0cMarbles\u7b49\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e3a\u6e38\u620f\u5668\u5177\u800c\u975e\u6e38\u620f\u540d\u79f0\u65f6\uff0c\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4f5c\u590d\u6570\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
Three darts are thrown at each turn.
All nine skittles were brought down by the good throw.
\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u4ee5-s\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u5730\u7406\u540d\u79f0\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u4e3b\u8c13\u4e00\u81f4\u95ee\u9898
\u67d0\u4e9b\u4ee5-s\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u5730\u7406\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u56fd\u540d\uff0c\u5982the United States\uff0cthe Netherlands\u7b49\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u662f\u5355\u4e00\u653f\u6cbb\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u4f5c\u5355\u6570\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
The United States was hit by the Great Depression in 1930s'.
In early January 1996 the Netherlands was hit by its worst storm since 1976.
\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u662f\u7fa4\u5c9b\u3001\u5c71\u8109\u3001\u6d77\u5ce1\u3001\u7011\u5e03\u7b49\u5730\u7406\u540d\u79f0\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u4f5c\u590d\u6570\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
The West Indies are commonly divided into two parts.
The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plant.
The Straits of Gibraltar have not lost their strategic importance.
The Niagara Falls are perhaps the most splendid waterfall in the world.
\uff08\u56db\uff09\u4ee5-ics\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u540d\u79f0\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u4e3b\u8c13\u4e00\u81f4\u95ee\u9898
\u67d0\u4e9b\u4ee5-ics\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u540d\u79f0\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u65f6\uff0c\u5982physics,mathematics,mechanics, optics, acoustics, politics statistics, economics, linguistics, athletics\u7b49, \u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4f5c\u5355\u6570\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
Physics is a fundamental subject in science.
The third world economics is promising.
Acoustics studies the science of sound.
Mathematics is an interesting subject.
Athletics is a required course for students of all grades.
\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u540d\u8bcd\u8868\u793a\u5b66\u79d1\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u53ef\u4f5c\u590d\u6570\u7528\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
Athletics have been greatly encouraged at this college.
The acoustics of the new concert hall are perfect.
The economics of the project are still at issue.
\uff08\u4e94\uff09\u5176\u5b83\u4ee5-s\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u4e3b\u8c13\u4e00\u81f4\u95ee\u9898
A.\u4ee5-s\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u7531\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u7269\u4f53\u540d\u79f0\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed
\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5-s\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u7531\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u7269\u4f53\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u5982glasses, pincers,pliers,scissors, shorts,suspenders,trousers\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u540d\u8bcd\u505a\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5e26\u201c\u4e00\u628a\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4e00\u526f\u201d\u7b49\u5355\u4f4d\u8bcd\uff0c\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u590d\u6570\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
Mary's glasses are new.
John's trousers are black.
\u5982\u679c\u5e26\u6709\u5355\u4f4d\u8bcd\uff0c \u5219\u7531\u5355\u4f4d\u8bcd\u51b3\u5b9a\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u5355\u3001\u590d\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
One pair of pincers isn't enough.
Two pairs of scissors are missing from my tool box.
B.\u5176\u4ed6\u4ee5-s\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u540d\u8bcd
\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ee5- s\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u5982archives\uff0carms,clothes, contents, eaves, fireworks, goods, minutes, morals, remains stairs, suburbs, thanks,wages\u8fd9\u7c7b\u540d\u8bcd\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u65f6\uff0c\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u590d\u6570\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
The archives of the country are kept in the Department of Security.
The contents of the book are most amusing.
High wages often result in high prices.
My thanks are sincere.
\u4e94\u3001\u5982\u679c\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u662f\u5e76\u5217\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8c13\u4e00\u81f4\u95ee\u9898\u901a\u5e38\u9075\u5faa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u539f\u5219\uff1a
\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u7531and/both...and\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5e76\u5217\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u4e3b\u8c13\u4e00\u81f4\u95ee\u9898
\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u7531or/nor/either...or\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5e76\u5217\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u4e3b\u8c13\u4e00\u81f4\u95ee\u9898
\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u4e3b\u8bed + as much as,etc\u7684\u4e3b\u8c13\u4e00\u81f4\u95ee\u9898
\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u7531and/both...and\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5e76\u5217\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u4e3b\u8c13\u4e00\u81f4\u95ee\u9898
\u7531and/both...and\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5e76\u5217\u7ed3\u6784\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u51b3\u5b9a\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u5355\u3001\u590d\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
Pancakes and syrup is a tasty breakfast.
The number and diversity of British newspaper is considerable.
Good and bad taste are inculcated by example.
Fish and chips are getting very expensive.
A truck and a car were in the ditch.
Both Cathy and her daughter Lida have gone fishing in Canada.
\u5f53and\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5e76\u5217\u540d\u8bcd\u8bcd\u7ec4\u5e26\u6709each\uff0cevery,\u6216\u8005many a \u7b49\u9650\u5b9a\u8bcd\u65f6\uff0c\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u5355\u6570\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
Each man and each woman there is asked to help.
Every flower and every bush is to be cut down.
Every change of season, every change of weather, indeed every hour of the day, produces some change in the magical hues and shapes of these mountains.
Many a boy was disappointed after seeing the film.
\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u7531or/nor/either...or\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5e76\u5217\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u4e3b\u8c13\u4e00\u81f4\u95ee\u9898
\u7531or,nor,either...or, neither...nor,not only...but also\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5e76\u5217\u7ed3\u6784\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\u901a\u5e38\u6309\u7167\u201c\u5c31\u8fd1\u539f\u5219\u201d\u5904\u7406\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
Neither Lucy nor Carol has any money left.
Neither sleet nor snow stops him from driving his new Mercedes-Benz.
Either Tina or Carol is sure to know the answer.
Neither my father nor my brothers are likely to be at theater.
Neither the Kansas coach nor the players were confident of victory.
Not only one, but all of us are hoping to be there.
Not only the switches but also the old wiring has been stolen.
\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u4e3b\u8bed + as much as,etc\u7684\u4e3b\u8c13\u4e00\u81f4\u95ee\u9898
\u5f53\u4e3b\u8bed\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u6709\u7531as much as, rather than , more than, no less than \u7b49\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u4ece\u5c5e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6216\u8ddf\u6709\u7531as well as, in addition to ,with, along with, together with, except\u7b49\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u8bcd\u7ec4\u65f6\uff0c \u5176\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
The vessel, with its entire crew and cargo was lost.
The ocean, as well as the gulf and the bay, provides good fishing.
John, rather than his roommates, is to blame.
Hugh,as well as his two sisters, is vacationing in Wyoming this summer.
Some of the employees as much as the manager were responsible for the failure.
My husband,more than anyone else in the family, is longing to go there again.
Billy, together with his sisters, was wounded in the accident.
No one except two girls was late for school.
\u516d\u3001\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u6570\u91cf\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u8bcd\u7ec4\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u4e3b\u8c13\u4e00\u81f4\u95ee\u9898
\u6570\u91cf\u6982\u5ff5\u5206\u4e24\u7c7b\uff1a\u4e00\u7c7b\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u5982 two years, five seconds,three kilos,\u7b49\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u7c7b\u662f\u975e\u786e\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u5982all of..., some of..., none of...\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7528\u8fd9\u7c7b\u8868\u793a\u6570\u91cf\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u8bcd\u7ec4\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e3b\u8c13\u4e00\u81f4\u95ee\u9898\u3002
\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u786e\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u8bcd\u7ec4\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u4e3b\u8c13\u4e00\u81f4\u95ee\u9898
\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u975e\u786e\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u8bcd\u7ec4\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u4e3b\u8c13\u4e00\u81f4\u95ee\u9898
\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u786e\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u8bcd\u7ec4\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed
\u5f53\u4e3b\u8bed\u4e3a\u8868\u793a\u786e\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u8bcd\u7ec4\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6570\u91cf\u6982\u5ff5\u88ab\u770b\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u5355\u6570\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u770b\u505a\u7ec4\u6210\u8be5\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u590d\u6570\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
The treasurer considered that twenty dollars was not too much to ask.
"Two months is too short a time," General manager warned, "we must hurry up."
Three weeks is needed to complete the task.
There were six silver dollars in each of the stockings.
Three pints is not enough to get him drunk.
A total of 50,000 new bicycles was registered in the year.
\u5982\u679c\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u8bcd\u7ec4\u662f\u7531\u201c\u5206\u6570/\u767e\u5206\u6570+ of\u201d\u8bcd\u7ec4\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u5176\u52a8\u8bcd\u5f62\u5f0f \u53d6\u51b3\u4e8eof\u8bcd\u7ec4\u4e2d\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u7c7b\u522b\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
Two-thirds of the people present is against the plan.
Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is covered by sea.
Over twenty percent of the city was destroyed in the war.
Forty-five percent of the doctors were woman.
\u4e24\u6570\u76f8\u51cf\u6216\u76f8\u9664\uff0c\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u5355\u6570\uff1b\u4e24\u6570\u76f8\u52a0\u6216\u76f8\u4e58\uff0c\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u53ef\u7528\u5355\u6570\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u590d\u6570\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
Sixty minus seventeen leaves forty-three.
Forty-two divided by six is seven.
Six and eight makes/make fourteen.
Six times eight is/are forty-eight.
\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u8bed\u7531"one in/one out of + \u590d\u6570\u540d\u8bcd" \u6784\u6210\uff0c\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u8bed\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u52a8\u8bcd\u7528\u5355\u6570\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
One in ten students has passed the examination.
One out of twelve bottles was left intact.
\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u975e\u786e\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u8bcd\u7ec4\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u4e3b\u8c13\u4e00\u81f4\u95ee\u9898
\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u8bed\u7531 "a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of +\u540d\u8bcd"\u6216\u7531\u201ca kind/sort/type of, this kind/sort/type of+\u540d\u8bcd\u201d \u6784\u6210\uff0c\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u5355\u6570\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
A panel of us has decided to hire a boat and travel through Holland by canal.
A pile of apple logs was set beside the hearth.
A portion of reports is deceiving.
This kind of cars is rather expensive.
This type of women is dangerous.
That type of machines is up-to-date.
\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u8bed\u662f\u7531\u201cmany a +\u540d\u8bcd" \u6216\u201cmore than one +\u540d\u8bcd"\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u9075\u5faa\u201c\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e00\u81f4\u201d\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u7528\u5355\u6570\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
Many a person in these circumstances has hoped for a long break.
Many a man has his own responsibility.
More than one student has failed the exam.
More than one ship was lost this year.
\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u8bed\u662fall of, some of,none of, half of, most of,lots of,loads of ,plenty of,\u7b49\u8868\u793a\u975e\u786e\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u8bcd\u7ec4\uff0c\u8c13\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u5355\u3001\u590d\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\u6839\u636e of\u8bcd\u7ec4\u4e2d\u540d\u8bcd\u7c7b\u522b\u800c\u5b9a\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
Most of the money was recovered by Deputy Player.
All of the cargo was lost.
Some of the books were badly torn.
None of my friends ever come to see me.
Half of the building was destroied during the war.
Half of the students are eager to leave now.
Lots of people are waiting outside.
Loads of apples have been distributed among the children.
Plenty of water was prepared for irrigation.
\u4e00\u3001\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u53ef\u6570\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u590d\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u8be5\u8bcd\u672b\u5c3e\u52a0\u4e0a\u540e\u8f8d-s\u3002
\u8bfb\u97f3\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u7ed3\u5c3e\u662f\u6e05\u8f85\u97f3\u8bfb[s]\uff0c\u7ed3\u5c3e\u662f\u6d4a\u8f85\u97f3\u6216\u5143\u97f3\u8bfb[z]\u3002
\u4f8b\uff1afriend\u2192friends; cat\u2192cats; style\u2192styles; sport\u2192sports; piece\u2192pieces
\u4e8c\u3001\u51e1\u662f\u4ee5s\u3001z\u3001x\u3001ch\u3001sh\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u8bcd\u672b\u5c3e\u52a0\u4e0a\u540e\u8f8d-es\u6784\u6210\u590d\u6570\u3002
\u8bfb\u97f3\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u7edf\u4e00\u52a0\u8bfb[iz]\u3002
\u4f8b\uff1abus\u2192buses; quiz\u2192quizzes; fox\u2192foxes; match\u2192matches; flash\u2192flashes
\u4e09\u3001\u4ee5\u8f85\u97f3\u5b57\u6bcd+y\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u5c06y\u6539\u53d8\u4e3ai\uff0c\u518d\u52a0-es\u3002
\u8bfb\u97f3\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u52a0\u8bfb[z]\u3002
\u4f8b\uff1acandy\u2192candies; daisy\u2192daisies; fairy\u2192fairies; lady\u2192ladies; story\u2192stories
\u56db\u3001\u4ee5-o\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u5916\u6765\u8bcd\u6216\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u5c31\u52a0-es\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u52a0-s\u6784\u6210\u590d\u6570\u3002
\u8bfb\u97f3\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u52a0\u8bfb[z]\u3002
\u4f8b\uff1atomato\u2192tomatoes; potato\u2192potatoes; torpedo\u2192torpedoes; bingo\u2192bingoes
\u53cd\u4f8b\uff1asilo\u2192silos; piano\u2192pianos\uff08\u5916\u6765\u8bcd\uff09; photo\u2192photos; macro\u2192macros\uff08\u7f29\u5199\u8bcd\uff09
\u4e94\u3001\u4ee5-f\u6216-fe\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u591a\u4e3a\u5c06-f\u6216-fe\u6539\u53d8\u4e3a-ves\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4f8b\u5916\u3002
\u8bfb\u97f3\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u5c3e\u97f3[f]\u6539\u8bfb[vz]\u3002
\u4f8b\uff1aknife\u2192knives; life\u2192lives; leaf\u2192leaves; staff\u2192staves; scarf\u2192scarves
\u53cd\u4f8b\uff1aroof\u2192roofs
\u516d\u3001\u4ee5-us\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\uff08\u591a\u4e3a\u5916\u6765\u8bcd\uff09\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5c06-us\u6539\u53d8\u4e3a-i\u6784\u6210\u590d\u6570\u3002
\u8bfb\u97f3\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u5c3e\u97f3[Es]\u6539\u8bfb[ai]\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d[kEs]\u8981\u6539\u8bfb\u4e3a[sai]\uff0c[gEs]\u8981\u6539\u8bfb\u4e3a[dVai]\u3002
\u4f8b\uff1afungus\u2192fungi; abacus\u2192abaci; focus\u2192foci; cactus\u2192cacti; cestus\u2192cesti
\u4e03\u3001\u4ee5-is\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5c06-is\u6539\u53d8\u4e3a-es\u3002
\u8bfb\u97f3\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u5c3e\u97f3[is]\u6539\u8bfb[i:z]\u3002
\u4f8b\uff1aaxis\u2192axes; basis\u2192bases; naris\u2192nares; hypothesis\u2192hypotheses; restis\u2192restes
\u516b\u3001\u4ee5-ix\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5c06-ix\u6539\u53d8\u4e3a-ices\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4f8b\u5916\u3002
\u8bfb\u97f3\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u5c3e\u97f3[iks]\u6539\u8bfb[isi:z]\u3002
\u4f8b\uff1amatrix\u2192matrices; directrix\u2192directrices; calix\u2192calices; appendix\u2192appendices \u53cd\u4f8b\uff1aaffix\u2192affixes
\u4e5d\u3001\u4ee5-um\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u5c06-um\u6539\u53d8\u4e3a-a\u3002
\u8bfb\u97f3\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u53bb\u6389\u9f3b\u5c3e\u97f3[m]\u3002
\u4f8b\uff1aforum\u2192fora; stadium\u2192stadia; aquarium\u2192aquaria; datum\u2192data; vacuum\u2192vacua
\u5341\u3001\u4ee5-a\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u8bcd\u672b\u5c3e\u52a0\u4e0a\u540e\u8f8d-e\u3002
\u8bfb\u97f3\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u5c3e\u97f3[E]\u6539\u8bfb[i:]\u3002
\u4f8b\uff1alarva\u2192larvae; formula\u2192formulae; ala\u2192alae; media\u2192mediae; hydra\u2192hydrae
\u5341\u4e00\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u590d\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002
\u8bfb\u97f3\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u97f3\u3002
\u4f8b\uff1afish\u2192fish; sheep\u2192sheep; cattle\u2192cattle; deer\u2192deer; salmon\u2192salmon
\u5341\u4e8c\u3001\u6781\u5c11\u6570\u5355\u8bcd\uff0c\u5176\u590d\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002
\u8bfb\u97f3\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002
\u4f8b\uff1aman\u2192men; woman\u2192women; child\u2192children; person\u2192people; ox\u2192oxen
\u5341\u4e09\u3001\u4e00\u4e9b\u5355\u6570\u8bcd\u5f97\u52a0en\u624d\u80fd\u53d8\u6210\u590d\u6570\u8bcd\uff1a
\u4f8b\uff1aox\u2192oxen; child\u2192children; brother\u2192brethren
\u5341\u56db\u3001\u4e00\u4e9b\u5355\u6570\u8bcd\u5f97\u6539\u5934\u6362\u9762\u4e00\u756a,\u624d\u80fd\u53d8\u6210\u590d\u6570\u8bcd
\u4f8b\uff1aanalysis\u2192analyses\u5206\u6790; basis\u2192bases\u57fa\u7840; datum\u2192data\u6570\u636e; foot\u2192feet;
formula\u2192formulae/formulas\u516c\u5f0f; goose\u2192geese; louse\u2192lice\u8671\u5b50; man\u2192men
mouse\u2192mice; medium\u2192media/mediums\u5a92\u4ecb; memorandum\u2192memoranda/memorandums\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55;
parenthesis\u2192parentheses \u5706\u62ec\u53f7; phenomenon\u2192phenomena\u73b0\u8c61; radius\u2192radii \u534a\u5f84
tooth\u2192teeth; woman\u2192women
\u5341\u4e94\u3001\u6709\u4e9b\u540d\u8bcd\u662f\u5355\u6570\u3001\u590d\u6570\u4e0d\u5206\u7684
\u4f8b\uff1adeer; fish; cannon; sheep; salmon \u9c91\u9c7c; trout \u9cdf\u9c7c
\u5341\u516d\u3001\u4e00\u4e9b\u540d\u8bcd\u867d\u5206\u5355\u6570\u3001\u590d\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u51fa\u73b0\u6b21\u6570\u591a\u7684\u603b\u662f\u5355\u6570\u8bcd
\u4f8b\uff1aabscence; clothing; film; help; furniture\u5bb6\u5177; machinery\u673a\u68b0; news; scenery\u98ce\u666f; sugar;
traffic\u4ea4\u901a
\u5341\u4e03\u3001\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u540d\u8bcd\u5219\u4ee5\u590d\u6570\u8bcd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u8f83\u591a
\u4f8b\uff1abellows\u98ce\u7bb1; clothes; police; shorts\u77ed\u88e4; scissors\u526a\u5200; spectacles\u773c\u955c; shears\u5927\u526a\u5200
trousers\u957f\u88e4; wages\u5de5\u8d44
\u5341\u516b\u3001compound nouns\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u590d\u6570\u8bcd\u662f\u4ee5\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u6765\u8868\u793a
\u4f8b\uff1adaughter-in-law\u2192daughters-in-law \u5ab3\u5987; father-in-law\u2192fathers-in-law\u5cb3\u7236
man-of-war\u2192men-of-war\u5175\u8230; maid-servant\u2192maid-servants
step-son\u2192step-sons\u665a\u5b50; son-in-law\u2192sons-in-law
\u5341\u4e5d\u3001\u82e5\u8868\u8fbe\u5177\u4f53\u6570\u76ee\uff0c\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u6570\u91cf\u8bcd
\u4f8b\uff1apair(\u5bf9\uff0c\u53cc); suit(\u5957); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers
\u4e8c\u5341\u3001\u53e6\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u5176\u590d\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\u6709\u65f6\u53ef\u8868\u793a\u7279\u522b\u610f\u601d\uff0c
\u4f8b\uff1agoods\u8d27\u7269\uff0cwaters\u6c34\u57df\uff0cfishes\uff08\u5404\u79cd\uff09\u9c7c
\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u3001\u9664\u4eba\u6c11\u5e01\u5143\u3001\u89d2\u3001\u5206\u5916\uff0c\u7f8e\u5143\u3001\u82f1\u9551\u3001\u6cd5\u90ce\u7b49\u90fd\u6709\u590d\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002
\u4f8b\uff1aa dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters
读音变化：结尾是清辅音读[s]，结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。
例：friend→friends; cat→cats; style→styles; sport→sports; piece→pieces
二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。
读音变化：统一加读[iz]。
例：bus→buses; quiz→quizzes; fox→foxes; match→matches; flash→flashes
三、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。
读音变化：加读[z]。
例：candy→candies; daisy→daisies; fairy→fairies; lady→ladies; story→stories
四、以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。
读音变化：加读[z]。
例：tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes; torpedo→torpedoes; bingo→bingoes
反例：silo→silos; piano→pianos（外来词）; photo→photos; macro→macros（缩写词）
五、以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves，但有例外。
读音变化：尾音[f]改读[vz]。
例：knife→knives; life→lives; leaf→leaves; staff→staves; scarf→scarves
反例：roof→roofs
六、以-us结尾的名词（多为外来词），通常将-us改变为-i构成复数。
读音变化：尾音[Es]改读[ai]，其中[kEs]要改读为[sai]，[gEs]要改读为[dVai]。
例：fungus→fungi; abacus→abaci; focus→foci; cactus→cacti; cestus→cesti
七、以-is结尾的名词，通常将-is改变为-es。
读音变化：尾音[is]改读[i:z]。
例：axis→axes; basis→bases; naris→nares; hypothesis→hypotheses; restis→restes
八、以-ix结尾的名词，通常将-ix改变为-ices，但有例外。
读音变化：尾音[iks]改读[isi:z]。
例：matrix→matrices; directrix→directrices; calix→calices; appendix→appendices 反例：affix→affixes
九、以-um结尾的名词，将-um改变为-a。
读音变化：去掉鼻尾音[m]。
例：forum→fora; stadium→stadia; aquarium→aquaria; datum→data; vacuum→vacua
十、以-a结尾的名词，在该词末尾加上后辍-e。
读音变化：尾音[E]改读[i:]。
例：larva→larvae; formula→formulae; ala→alae; media→mediae; hydra→hydrae
十一、部分单词的复数形式不变。
读音变化：保持原音。
例：fish→fish; sheep→sheep; cattle→cattle; deer→deer; salmon→salmon
十二、极少数单词，其复数形式没有任何规律。
读音变化：没有规律。
例：man→men; woman→women; child→children; person→people; ox→oxen
十三、一些单数词得加en才能变成复数词：
例：ox→oxen; child→children; brother→brethren
十四、一些单数词得改头换面一番,才能变成复数词
例：analysis→analyses分析; basis→bases基础; datum→data数据; foot→feet;
formula→formulae/formulas公式; goose→geese; louse→lice虱子; man→men
mouse→mice; medium→media/mediums媒介; memorandum→memoranda/memorandums备忘录;
parenthesis→parentheses 圆括号; phenomenon→phenomena现象; radius→radii 半径
tooth→teeth; woman→women
十五、有些名词是单数、复数不分的
例：deer; fish; cannon; sheep; salmon 鲑鱼; trout 鳟鱼
十六、一些名词虽分单数、复数，但出现次数多的总是单数词
例：abscence; clothing; film; help; furniture家具; machinery机械; news; scenery风景; sugar;
traffic交通
十七、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多
例：bellows风箱; clothes; police; shorts短裤; scissors剪刀; spectacles眼镜; shears大剪刀
trousers长裤; wages工资
十八、compound nouns，这类复数词是以主要的名词来表示
例：daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law 媳妇; father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父
man-of-war→men-of-war兵舰; maid-servant→maid-servants
step-son→step-sons晚子; son-in-law→sons-in-law
十九、若表达具体数目，要借助数量词
例：pair(对，双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers
二十、另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，
例：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼
二十一、除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。
例：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters
名词复数的规则变化 一般情况 加-s以 s,sh,ch, x 等结尾的词 加-es 以 ce,se,ze, (d)ge 等结尾 的词 加-s 以辅音字母+y 结尾的词 读/iz/ 变y为i 再加 es
一般情况,以 s,sh,ch, x 等结尾的词加-s ;以 ce,se,ze, (d)ge 等结尾 的词加-es ;以辅音字母+y 结尾的词 加-s ;读/iz/ 变y为i再加 es
加S或ES
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