我国化学家侯德榜的“侯氏制碱法”为世界制碱工业做出了突出贡献．工业上用侯氏制碱法制得的纯碱含有一定
\u6211\u56fd\u5316\u5de5\u4e13\u5bb6\u4faf\u5fb7\u699c\u7684\u201c\u4faf\u6c0f\u5236\u78b1\u6cd5\u201d\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u5236\u78b1\u5de5\u4e1a\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u7a81\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\uff0e\u201c\u4faf\u6c0f\u6cd5\u201d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\uff1a\uff081\uff09NH4Cl\u4e2dN\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6570\u4e3a1414+1\u00d74+35.5\u00d7100%\u224826.2%\uff1b \u6c28\u6c14\u548c\u6c2f\u5316\u6c22\u5206\u5b50\u662f\u4e0d\u65ad\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u8fc5\u901f\u95fb\u5230\u5176\u523a\u6fc0\u6027\u6c14\u5473\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6545\u7b54\u6848\uff1a26.2%\uff1b\u4e0d\u65ad\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u80c3\u9178\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5206\u76d0\u9178\uff0c\u78b3\u9178\u6c22\u94a0\u4e0e\u76d0\u9178\u53cd\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u6c2f\u5316\u94a0\u3001\u6c34\u548c\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e3aNaHCO3+HCl=NaCl+H2O+CO2\u2191\uff0e\u6545\u7b54\u6848\uff1aNaHCO3+HCl=NaCl+H2O+CO2\u2191\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u901a\u5165\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u540e\uff0c\u53c2\u52a0\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u78b3\u9178\u94a0\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3a814.8g-137.7g=677.1g\uff1b\u8bbe\u78b3\u9178\u94a0\u901a\u5165\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u540e\u751f\u6210\u7684\u78b3\u9178\u6c22\u94a0\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3axNa2CO3+CO2+H2O=2NaHCO3106 168677.1g x106677.1g=168xx=1073.1g\u6240\u4ee5\u6790\u51fa\u7684\u78b3\u9178\u6c22\u94a0\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3a1073.1g-428.8g=649.3g\u7b54\uff1a\u6240\u6790\u51fa\u7684\u78b3\u9178\u6c22\u94a0\u6676\u4f53\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3a649.3g\uff0e\u6545\u7b54\u6848\uff1a649.3g\uff0e
\u89e3\uff1a\u53cd\u5e94\u653e\u51fa\u7684CO2\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3a\uff1a64.4g+50g+11g-121g=4.4g\uff081\u5206\uff09
\u8bbe\u53c2\u52a0\u53cd\u5e94\u7684Na2CO3\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3ax\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u7684NaCl\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3ay
Na2CO3+2HCl=2NaCl+H2O+CO2\u2191
106
117 44
x y 4.4g
106\uff1a44=x\uff1a4.4g \u89e3\u4e4b\u5f97
x=10.6g\uff081\u5206\uff09
117\uff1a44=y\uff1a4.4g \u89e3\u4e4b\u5f97 y=11.7g\uff081\u5206\uff09
\u78b3\u9178\u94a0\u7eaf\u5ea6=
10.6g
11g
\u00d7100%\u224896.4% \uff081\u5206\uff09
\u7eaf\u78b1\u6837\u54c1\u4e2dNaCl\u7684\u8d28\u91cf=11g-10.6g=0.4g
\u53cd\u5e94\u540e\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2dNaCl\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3a=11.7g+0.4g=12.1g\uff081\u5206\uff09
\u53cd\u5e94\u540e\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2dNaCl\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6570=
12.1g
121g
\u00d7100%=10%\uff081\u5206\uff09
\u7b54\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u8be5\u7eaf\u78b1\u6837\u54c1\u7684\u7eaf\u5ea6\u7ea6\u4e3a96.4%\uff1b
\uff082\uff09\u6240\u5f97\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u6eb6\u8d28\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5206\u6570\u4e3a10%\uff0e
依题意可知生成CO2的质量为11g+50g+64.4g-121g=4.4g
Na2CO3+2HCl═2NaCl+H2O+CO2↑
106 73 117 44
x y z 4.4
| 106 |
| x |
| 44 |
| 4.4g |
| 73 |
| y |
| 44 |
| 4.4g |
| 117 |
| z |
| 44 |
| 4.4g |
解得 x=10.6g，y=7.3g，z=11.7g
则（1）该纯碱样品中碳酸钠的质量分数为
| 10.6g |
| 11g |
（2）盐酸溶液中溶质的质量分数为
| 7.3g |
| 64.4g |
（3）所得溶液中溶质的质量分数为
| 11.7g+0.4g |
| 121g |
答案：
（1）该纯碱样品中碳酸钠的质量分数为96.4%；
（2）盐酸溶液中溶质的质量分数为11.3%；
（3）所得溶液中溶质的质量分数为10%
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