从1977年以来恢复高考后初中英语教材的变化 政治试题哲学 从1977年恢复高考以来,我国对于高考所做的改...
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2.2.1第一、二阶段以文革结束为标志，以义务教育法的颁布结束
当时，教育领域遭受严重创伤，外语更是重灾区。国家百废待兴，为了迅速为“四化”培养人才，党中央发出了“重视教育、重视人才”的指示，教育部专门组织队伍统编中小学教材，并着手编订教学大纲。此间共颁发了四个大纲：
1978-1980年全日制十年制中小学英语教学大纲（试行草案）（8年1080课时，5年656课时）；
1986年全日制中学英语教学大纲，（初中起始6年932课时，高中起始3年552课时）；
1988年九年义务教育全日制初级中学英语教学大纲（初审稿）（三年制400课时四年至536课时）；
1990年全日制中学英语教学大纲（修订本），（初中起始5年806课时，6年926课时，高中起始3年552课时）。
这一阶段的中学英语教学大纲虽然不断调整修订，但却是建国以后第一个自始至终完整实施了的大纲，结束的时间是1990年秋，直到最后一批使用根据该大纲编写的高三课本的学生毕业。第一阶段的大纲修订和第二阶段的大纲编订时间上有一段并行重叠的时期。1988年九年义务教育初中英语大纲的编制工作起步于1986年， 第二阶段的初、高中大纲的研制工作到2000年才结束。
第一阶段的大纲由以下几个方面的进步：
1）外语成为我国中学的一门基础课，受到社会的普遍重视。（83年初升高100%计入总分，90年高考必考的科目）。
2）已经注意到外语教育的差异性。（小学、初中、高中三个起点）
3）强调外语教学的实践性，提出了“精讲语言基础知识，着重培养学生运用语言进行交际的能力”。 “听说读写综合训练，阶段侧重”、“尽量使用英语，适当利用母语”、“发挥教师的主导作用，调动学生的积极性”，并要求“指导学生开展课外活动”。
4）注意培养学生的兴趣，发挥他们的特长，使他们能生动、活泼、主动地学习，并且提出要“使学生养成良好的学习习惯，获得正确的学习方法，具有一定的自学能力”。
5）建议“根据中学不同的需要，编写出几套符合外语教学规律，受师生欢迎的好教材”。
2.2.2第三阶段的课程研制是在国家义务教育法颁布之后
2000年全日制普通高级中学英语教学大纲（试用修订版）（与1996年大纲规定相同）。这个阶段中共颁发了5 个大纲：
1992年九年义务教育全日制初级中学英语教学大纲（试用）（三年制400课时，四年制536课时，分两级要求，一级要求76课时，二级要求400或536课时）；
1993年全日制高级中学英语教学大纲（初审稿）（高一高二必修306课时，高三选修120课时，共计426课时）；
1996年全日制普通高级中学英语教学大纲（供试验用）（一级目标：高一、高二必修245课时；二级目标：高三选修文理科104课时，共计349课时）；
2000年九年义务教育全日制初级中学英语教学大纲（试用修订版）（与1992年大纲规定相同）；
2002年实验修订版。
第二阶段大纲的实施比过去规范，经历了试验、评价和修改等程序。课程研究的进步主要体现在8个字上：“科学、规范、开放、完整”。
说它科学，是因为这一阶段的大纲，特别是义务教育初中英语教学大纲的编制和实施是作为一个研究和实验项目来完成的。因此，在全过程中，注意历史文献、国内外理论资料和来自实践的数据、调查观察、测量和定性、定量的分析。说它规范，主要指从调研、编制到大纲的实施、试验、评价、审查、使用、再评价等这一系列的环节中，自上而下的领导，由下而上的发动，组织有序，逐步滚动推进。说它比较开放，一方面是指引进国际上有关语言教学的先进理论和观点，还包括中外合作编写中学英语教材；另一方面是指反复充分地征求社会各界和全国各地区教研部门、学校和广大师生的意见。说它比较完整，则指高中英语单科编制了1993年的大纲（初审稿），保证了中学英语课程改革的顺利进行。
回顾20多年的大纲编制的历史，不难看出两个特点：第一，这是一个演变、进步、发展的过程，而决非是“破旧立新”的过程，因此用课程发展来表述是比较确切的。20世纪80年代的教学大纲继承了过去的经验，也孕育着新的观点，而90年代的教学大纲随着改革开放形势的发展，与时俱进，在已取得的成绩基础上有了较多的创新。第二，英语课程发展是一个系统工程，不仅涉及到教学目标和教学要求，更重要的是教学的观点、教材、测试、教师等，因为这些因素对课程设计有着很大的制约作用。
My oral English topic---Communication
2007-07-07 16:02:43 本文已公布到博客频道文化·原创分类
As we all know, nowadays,communication palys a very important role in our life.No matter in the social activities or in the daily life,communication has become very essential for both of them.Therefore,it’s quite necessary for us to learn how to communicate with others.And next I will show you 4 different ways of communication.
The first one is communicating by letters,maybe some of you will think it takes us too much time to write a letter,so does the receiver wait for a long time to get it.But in some social circumstances, using letters to contact with others is much more formal,it shows the sender’s honer and respects.Also,it’s good for a company to send out brochures and other publicities attached to the letter.
The second one is a very popular communicating way in the modern life,it’s email,which has taken over as the main method of communication due to its fastness and cheap cost.More and more people use it as a communicating tool.
The third one is telephoning,you can call someone whenever and wherever you are.How convenient it is and now it’s still the most effective way of communicating after the face-to-face contact.So the number of people who use it is quite a larger one.
And the last but not the least one is QQ which was first used several years ago.It provides us a new way for contacting.QQ is widely welcomed by the youths.It is easy to use,you can chat with your friends in any different places all over the world.You just need a computer which is connected to the network and that’s enough..
A friend in need in a friend indeed,so I will try my best to keep in touch with my old friends in other cities.Since entering the college last year,I have made many new friends,but I have never forgotten my old classmates even a moment.Generally speaking, I always keep in touch with them by QQ or email.As more and more students own their own computer,we now all use QQ to chat with each other.
There are so many different choices for you to choose,it depends what you need.For me,I use QQ and email to keep in touch with my friends,and when I want hear their voice I use telephoing,sometimes when I am free,I even use letters.Different ways of communication make me feel easy,convenient and comfortable to contact with others.
Hi, everyone!
Do you know the programme Dialogue in CCTV9?
I have been listening to it everyday. But I still can't catch all the meanings by now. I wonder whether anybody would like to join me to listen together? So we can communicate the daily topics. Maybe it's a good idea for improving our listening comprehension.
Dear 斑竹，this initiation get your permission :)
汉英对照汉语交际手册 = Chinese-English communication in Chinese
书名：汉英对照汉语交际手册 = Chinese-English communication in Chinese
ISBN：7301023103
作者：王晓澎
出版社：北京 : 北京大学出版社
年份：1993.10
页数和开本：149页 ; 20cm
丛编项：
题名：Chinese-English communication in Chinese
图
English Communication Homework II Mask
Her house-Night
Jason gets to the door, he see a note in plain view taped on the door, he rips it off.
“im in the shower, the door is open, come inside and wait me a moment”
Jason neatly folds the note up, sticks it in his pocket, and turns the knob.
As he steps inside, hands in pockets ,strolls inside, checking out her private space.
He ,just thinking , hesitating whether he should accept her , a once old friend, strictly speaking, his former fiancée who had been lost contact for almost 8 years.
He is becoming uneasy more and more, it was his conscience, he knows it, he feels guilty, he has his young wife, he has his own life.
But now he is struggling with himself, one side is his impulsion, curiosity ,hungering for her once familiar ,enthusiastic cuddle， and the other side is his wife’s trust, his responsibility .
He sit himself on the chair, forced himself to keep cool, he tell himself “that’s not a good idea, it might be some kind of betrayal, how could I defeats the seducement?! refuse euphemistically?or..?
In the meantime, her bare feet as she walks out of the bathroom, naked with her back to darkness
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