英语修辞，提喻和借喻的区别在哪？ 英语修辞中metonym 和synecdoche的区别
\u82f1\u8bed\u4fee\u8f9e\uff0c\u63d0\u55bb\u548c\u501f\u55bb\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5728\u54ea\u7b2c\u4e00\u3001\u501f\u55bbmetonymy,\u662f\u6bd4\u55bb\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u7aef\u76f4\u501f\u6bd4\u55bb\u7684\u662f\u6211\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u88ab\u6bd4\u55bb\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u88ab\u6bd4\u55bb\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u548c\u6bd4\u55bb\u8bcd\u5168\u90e8\u4e0d\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u5982\uff1a\u201c\u5929\u4e0b\u4e4c\u9e26\u4e00\u822c\u9ed1\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u4e4c\u9e26\u201d\u6bd4\u55bb\u65e7\u65f6\u5b98\u540f\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u3001\u501f\u4ee3\u662f\u4e0d\u7aef\u76f4\u5c06\u6240\u8981\u8bf4\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u540d\u79f0\u8bf4\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u7528\u8ddf\u5b83\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u4e8b\u7269\u540d\u79f0\u4ee3\u66ff\u5b83\u3002\u5982\uff1a\u201c\u7ea2\u9886\u5dfe\u4eec\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u690d\u6811\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u201d\u201c\u7ea2\u9886\u5dfe\u4eec\u201d\u4fbf\u4ee3\u66ff\u4e86\u5c11\u5148\u961f\u5458\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u3001\u63d0\u55bbsynecdoche\uff0c\u6307\u4ee5\u5c40\u90e8\u4ee3\u8868\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u6216\u4ee5\u6574\u4f53\u55bb\u6307\u90e8\u5206\u7b49\uff0c\u5982\u4ee5bread
\u4ee3\u8868food\u7b49\u3002
\u597d\u6bd4
teach
a
fish
to
swim\u662f\u6697\u55bb
have
good
ear
for
music\u662f\u501f\u4ee3
he
earned
his
bread
as
a
dust
man\u662f\u63d0\u55bb
a.\u501f\u55bb\uff08metonymy)\u5373\u4e3a\u501f\u4ee3\u3001\u8f6c\u55bb\u6216\u6362\u55bb\uff0c\u672c\u4f53\u548c\u55bb\u4f53\u8054\u7cfb\u7d27\u5bc6\uff0c\u4f46\u8868\u9762\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u79cd\u7c7b\uff1a1.\u4ee5\u62bd\u8c61\u4ee3\u8be6\u7ec6\uff0c\u5982heart
and
head\u4ee3\u60c5\u611f\u4e0e\u7406\u667a\uff08
\u6240\u4ee5\u63d0\u55bb\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u501f\u4ee3\u4e5f\u4fbf\u662f\u501f\u55bb\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff1b2\u4ee5\u7279\u6b8a\u81ea\u5df1\u3001\u5730\u70b9\u3001\u4e8b\u7269\u7b49\u59d3\u540d\u4ee3\u4e00\u7c7b\u4eba\u6216\u67d0\u673a\u6784\uff1adowning
street\u4ee3\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\uff0cbeijing\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\uff0che
is
another
shylock\uff0cshylock\u4ee3\u548c\u5176\u6027\u683c\uff08\u541d\u556c\uff09\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4eba\uff1b3\u4ee5\u5bb9\u5668\u6216\u5de5\u5177\u4ee3\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u5982the
kettle
is
boiling.kettle\uff08\u6c34\u58f6\uff09\u5728\u6b64\u6307\u4ee3\u6c34\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u6c34\u70e7\u5f00\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6c34\u58f6\u70e7\u5f00\uff1b\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u60a8\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684ear\u5e94\u8be5\u6307\u4ee3\u6b23\u8d4f\u97f3\u4e50\u7684\u672c\u4e8b\uff0cear\u548c\u6b23\u8d4f\u672c\u4e8b\u5916\u8868\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u8054\u7cfb\u7d27\u5bc6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8033\u6735\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8046\u542c\u3001\u9274\u8d4f\u97f3\u4e50\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002
b\u63d0\u55bb\uff08synecdoche):\u501f\u4ee3\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u5979\u8868\u793a\u4ee5\u5c40\u90e8\u4ee3\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u62bd\u8c61\u4ee3\u8be6\u7ec6\uff0c\u539f\u6750\u6599\u4ee3\u6210\u54c1\u7b49\u7b49\u3002she
has
got
five
mouths
to
feed.\u6b64five
mouths\u6307\u4ee3\u4e94\u53e3\u4eba\uff0c\u672c\u4f53\u548c\u55bb\u4f53\u662f\u5c40\u90e8\u4e0e\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1baunt
melissa
is
my
admiration\u3002\u6b64admiration\u7684\u94a6\u4f69\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u672c\u4f53\u548c\u55bb\u4f53\u662f\u62bd\u8c61\u4e0e\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1bwhere
did
you
buy
this
cotton\uff1f\u6b64cotton\u4ee3\u8868\u8863\u670d\uff0c\u672c\u4f53\u4e0e\u55bb\u4f53\u4e3a\u539f\u6750\u6599\u4e0e\u6210\u54c1\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002he
earned
his
bread
as
a
dust
man.\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684bread\u5e94\u8be5\u6307\u751f\u8ba1\uff0c\u672c\u4f53\u548c\u55bb\u4f53\u662f\u8be6\u7ec6\u4e0e\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002
c\u6697\u55bb\uff08metaphor):\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u751f\u52a8\u5f62\u8c61\u4f53\u73b0\u4f5c\u8005\u60f3\u8981\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u610f\u601d\u65f6\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u672c\u4f53\u4e0e\u55bb\u4f53\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u5f62\uff0c\u591a\u79cd\u6697\u55bb\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u4e0d\u7528\u55bb\u8bcd\uff08as
if,
like,
as
though\u7b49\uff09
learning
is
climbing
up
the
mountain.\u5b66\u4e60\u4fbf\u5982\u767b\u5c71\uff0c\u5c06\u5b66\u4e60\u6bd4\u4f5c\u767b\u5c71\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u5185\u5728\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u90a3\u4fbf\u662f\u8def\u7a0b\u8270\u96be\uff0c\u8981\u4e0d\u61c8\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002teach
a
fish
to
swim\u73ed\u95e8\u5f04\u864e\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8c1a\u8bed\u5f0f\u6697\u55bb\uff0c\u6559\u9c7c\u6e38\u6cf3\u6bd4\u55bb\u5728\u884c\u5bb6\u9ad8\u624b\u9762\u524d\u5356\u5f04\u672c\u9886\u3002\u6709\u5173\u66f4\u591a\u6697\u55bb\uff08\u9690\u55bb\uff09\u89e3\u6790\u53ef\u53c2\u7167
Metonymy \u8f6c\u55bb
A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of \u201c Washington\u201d for \u201cthe United States government\u201d or of \u201cthe sword\u201d for \u201cmilitary power\u201d.
The kettle is boiling. (water in the kettle)
He took to the bottle.\u4ed6\u7231\u4e0a\u4e86\u559d\u9152\u3002 (wine in the bottle)
I\u2019m reading Lu Xun. ( Lu Xun\u2019s works)
He\u2019s listening to Beethoven. (Beethoven\u2019s works)
He is booked out for the whole season.\u4ed6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b63\u6f14\u51fa\u7684\u7968\u5168\u8ba2\u51fa\u53bb\u4e86 \u3002 (the tickets for his concerts)
When she entered high school, she would wear a wardrobe that no one else would be able to match.\u5f53\u5979\u4e0a\u4e2d\u5b66\u65f6\uff0c\u5979\u6240\u7a7f\u7684\u8863\u670d\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u6ca1\u6cd5\u6bd4\u3002
They will resort to the sword if the negotiation does no work.
She is the first violin in the band.\u5979\u662f\u4e50\u961f\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c0f\u63d0\u7434\u624b\u3002
Synecdoche \u63d0\u55bb
A figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole, the whole for a part, the specific for the general, the general for the specific, or the material for the thing from which it is made.
Young people should have more respect for gray hairs.
He saw some new faces in the classroom.
A fleet of ten sails \ To earn one\u2019s bread \ To count heads
Many hands provide great strength.
The poor man had twelve mouths to feed.
Lend me your ears. ( give me your attention.)
Both are figures of speech used in rhetoric. They\u2019re not the same thing, though metonymy is often interpreted so widely that synecdoche can be regarded as a special case of it.
As for Synecdoche, You use this when you speak of a part of something but mean the whole thing. When Patrick O\u2019Brian has Captain Jack Aubrey tell his first lieutenant\uff08\u9646\u519b\u4e2d\u5c09\uff09 to \u201clet the hands go to dinner\u201d he\u2019s employing synecdoche, because he\u2019s using a part (the hand) for the whole man. You can also reverse the whole and the part, so using a word for something when you only mean part of it. This often comes up in sport: a commentator might say that \u201cThe West Indies has lost to England\u201d when he means that the West Indian team has lost to the English one. America is often used as synecdoche in this second sense, as the word refers to the whole continent but is frequently applied to a part of it, the USA.
Metonymy is similar, but uses something more generally or loosely associated with a concept to stand in for it. When Americans speak of the Oval Office\uff08\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\uff09, for example, they are really referring to the activity within it, the position or function of the President. It\u2019s a linked term, and so a metonym. British writers refer similarly to the Crown\uff08\u738b\u51a0\uff09, when they\u2019re really discussing the powers, authority and responsibilities of the monarchy\uff08\u541b\u4e3b\u653f\u4f53\uff09, which is symbolized by the crown. The difference between synecdoche and metonymy is that in metonymy the word you employ is linked to the concept you are really talking about, but isn\u2019t actually a part of it. Another example is the turf\uff08\u8349\u76ae\uff09 for horse racing. But the distinction isn\u2019t always obvious and often can\u2019t be rigorously applied, and many people use metonymy to mean both.
绛旓細浠ヤ笂涓夌淇緸鎵嬫硶鐨勫尯鍒湪浜庡畠浠殑浣跨敤鏂瑰紡鍜岃〃杈炬晥鏋溿鍊熷柣閫氳繃浠ｆ浛鏉ユ殫绀猴紝鍊熶唬閫氳繃鐩稿叧浜嬬墿鏉ヤ唬琛紝鑰屾彁鍠诲垯閫氳繃姣斿柣鏉ュ舰璞″寲琛ㄨ揪銆
绛旓細绗竴銆佸熷柣metonymy,鏄瘮鍠荤殑涓绉嶏紝绔洿鍊熸瘮鍠荤殑鏄垜鏉ヤ唬鏇胯姣斿柣鐨勪簨鐗╋紝琚瘮鍠荤殑浜嬬墿鍜屾瘮鍠昏瘝鍏ㄩ儴涓嶅嚭鐜銆傚锛氣滃ぉ涓嬩箤楦︿竴鑸粦鈥濓紝鈥滀箤楦︹濇瘮鍠绘棫鏃跺畼鍚忋傜浜屻佸熶唬鏄笉绔洿灏嗘墍瑕佽鐨勪簨鐗╁悕绉拌鍑烘潵锛岃岀敤璺熷畠鏈夊叧绯荤殑鍙︿竴绉嶄簨鐗╁悕绉颁唬鏇垮畠銆傚锛氣滅孩棰嗗肪浠弬鍔犱簡妞嶆爲娲诲姩銆傗濃滅孩棰嗗肪浠濅究浠...
绛旓細涓銆佸唴娑典笉鍚 metonymy(鍊熷柣)锛氬熻仈鎯虫妸涓绉嶄簨鐗╃殑鍚嶇О鐢ㄦ潵浠ｆ浛鍙︿竴浜嬬墿鐨勫悕绉帮紝鎴栫敱涓绉嶆蹇垫潵浠ｆ浛鍙︿竴绉嶆蹇点係ynecdoche(鎻愬柣) 锛氫互鈥滈儴鍒嗕唬鏇垮叏浣撯 , 鈥滃叏浣撲唬鏇块儴鍒嗏 ,鈥滅被姒傚康浠ｆ浛绉嶆蹇碘 鎴栤滅姒傚康浠ｆ浛绫绘蹇碘 銆鍊熷柣寮鸿皟涓や釜浜嬬墿瀵嗗垏鐩稿叧锛岃屾彁鍠讳笉浣嗗己璋冧袱浜嬬墿鐩稿叧锛岃屼笖渚ч噸鏁翠綋鍜岄儴鍒...
绛旓細鏈夊涓嬬绫伙細1.浠ユ娊璞′唬鍏蜂綋锛屽heart and head浠ｆ儏鎰熶笌鐞嗘櫤锛 鎵浠ユ彁鍠诲叾瀹炴槸鍊熶唬涔熷氨鏄熷柣鐨勪竴绉锛2浠ョ壒娈婁釜浜恒佸湴鐐广佷簨鐗╃瓑鍚嶅瓧浠ｄ竴绫讳汉鎴栨煇鏈烘瀯锛歞owning street浠ｈ嫳鍥芥斂搴滐紝Beijing浠ｄ腑鍥芥斂搴滐紝He is another Shylock锛
绛旓細- 鍊熷柣涓殑涓や釜浜嬬墿涓嶉渶瑕佺浉浼硷紝浣嗗繀椤绘湁鑱旂郴 - 瀹冮氬父娑夊強鍚屼竴绫讳簨鐗╃殑鏇挎崲 渚嬪锛氫綘鑳界粰鎴戝脊涓浜涜倴閭﹀悧锛熷湪杩欓噷锛屸滆倴閭︹濅唬琛ㄤ簡浠栫殑闊充箰浣滃搧銆3. 鎻愬柣锛圫ynecdoche锛夛細鎻愬柣鏄竴绉嶄慨杈炴墜娉曪紝閫氳繃浣跨敤鏇村箍娉涚殑鏈鏉ユ寚浠ｆ洿鍏蜂綋鐨勯儴鍒嗭紝鎴栧弽涔嬨傚畠鍖呮嫭锛- 浣跨敤鏁翠綋浠ｈ〃閮ㄥ垎锛屾垨閮ㄥ垎浠ｈ〃鏁翠綋 - 浣跨敤...
绛旓細鍊熷柣銆佹崲鍠汇佸熶唬锛歮etonymy is a figure of speech in which the name of one thing is used in place of another that is associated with or suggested by it. 瀹冨拰鏆楀柣鐨勫尯鍒鍦ㄤ簬锛屽熷柣涓袱鑰呰姹備笉鏄浉浼硷紝鑰屾槸鏈夎仈绯伙紝鍚屼竴绫讳簨鐗┿俥g: will you play me some Chopin? 杩欎釜鍦版柟锛宑hopin鏄...
绛旓細3銆乵etonymy鍊熷柣锛杞柣銆傚熷柣涓嶇洿鎺ヨ鍑烘墍瑕佽鐨勪簨鐗╋紝鑰屼娇鐢ㄥ彟涓涓笌涔嬬浉鍏崇殑浜嬬墿鍚嶇О銆4銆乻ynecdoche鎻愬柣銆傛彁鍠荤敤閮ㄥ垎浠ｆ浛鍏ㄤ綋锛屾垨鐢ㄥ叏浣撲唬鏇块儴鍒嗭紝鎴栫壒娈婁唬鏇夸竴鑸5銆乻ynesthesia閫氭劅銆佽仈瑙夈佺Щ瑙夈傝繖绉淇緸娉曟槸浠ヨ銆佸惉銆佽Е銆佸梾銆佸懗绛夋劅瑙夌洿鎺ユ弿鍐欎簨鐗┿6銆乸ersonification鎷熶汉銆傛嫙浜烘槸鎶婄敓鍛借祴浜堟棤鐢熷懡...
绛旓細鍊熷柣涓嶇洿鎺ヨ鍑烘墍瑕佽鐨勪簨鐗╋紝鑰屼娇鐢ㄥ彟涓涓笌涔嬬浉鍏崇殑浜嬬墿鍚嶇О銆4銆丼ynecdoche锛鎻愬柣 鎻愬柣鐢ㄩ儴鍒嗕唬鏇垮叏浣擄紝鎴栫敤鍏ㄤ綋浠ｆ浛閮ㄥ垎锛屾垨鐗规畩浠ｆ浛涓鑸5銆丼ynaesthesia锛氶氭劅锛岃仈瑙夛紝绉昏 杩欑淇緸娉曟槸浠ヨ銆傚惉銆佽Е銆佸梾鍛崇瓑鎰熻鐩存帴鎻忓啓浜嬬墿銆傞氭劅灏辨槸鎶涓嶅悓鎰熷畼鐨勬劅瑙夋矡閫氳捣鏉ワ紝鍊熻仈鎯冲紩璧锋劅瑙夎浆绉伙紝鈥滀互鎰熻鍐...
绛旓細缁煎悎鑻辫3绗11鍗曞厓淇緸鎵嬫硶鏈夈1銆佹槑鍠伙紙simile锛夋槸浠ヤ袱绉嶅叿鏈夌浉鍚岀壒寰佺殑浜嬬墿鍜岀幇璞¤繘琛屽姣旓紝琛ㄦ槑鏈綋鍜屽柣浣撲箣闂寸殑鐩镐技鍏崇郴锛屼袱鑰呴兘鍦ㄥ姣斾腑鍑虹幇銆2銆鎻愬柣锛坰ynecdoche锛夊張绉颁妇闅呮硶锛屼富瑕佺壒鐐规槸灞閮ㄤ唬琛ㄥ叏锛屾垨浠ュ叏浣撳柣鎸囬儴鍒嗭紝鎴栦互鎶借薄浠ｅ叿浣擄紝鎴栦互鍏蜂綋浠ｆ娊璞°3銆佹嫙浜猴紙personification锛夎繖绉嶄慨杈炴柟娉曟槸鎶...
绛旓細鑻辫淇緸鎵嬫硶 涓銆鎻愬柣锛坰ynecdoche锛夊張绉颁妇闅呮硶锛屼富瑕佺壒鐐规槸灞閮ㄤ唬琛ㄥ叏浣擄紝鎴栦互鍏ㄤ綋鍠绘寚閮ㄥ垎锛屾垨浠ユ娊璞′唬鍏蜂綋锛屾垨浠ュ叿浣撲唬鎶借薄銆備緥濡傦細1銆乀he Great Wall was made not only of stones and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millions of men.闀垮煄涓嶄粎鏄敤鐭冲ご鍜屽湡寤洪犵殑锛岃屼笖鏄敤鍑犵櫨涓囦汉...
