一段法律英语的翻译（很急） 一段法律英语的翻译
\u5e2e\u5fd9\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e00\u6bb5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u82f1\u8bed\uff0c\u6025Dworkin saw the inability of the positivists to recognize any other standards as being law as a weakness which ultimately led them erroneously to propose that in situations where there was no specific law applying to a particular situation---so called "hard cases" ---then judges were liable to use their discretion in order to (reach) a decision. In this respect, Dworkin specifically criticized Hart's concept of law as a system of rules.
Dworkin \u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u5176\u4ed6\u6807\u51c6\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5f31\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u9519\u8bef\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ed6\u4eec\u9047\u5230\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u2018\u68d8\u624b\u6848\u4ef6\u2019\u65f6\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8be5\u7279\u6b8a\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8ba9\u6cd5\u5b98\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u51b3\u5b9a\u6743\u4ee5\u4fbf\u505a\u51fa\u5224\u51b3\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u70b9\uff0cDworkin \u660e\u786e\u5730\u6279\u8bc4 Hart \u5c06\u89c4\u5219\u4f53\u7cfb\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002
According to Hart's scheme, only those rules which satisfy the criteria of legal validity set out in legal system's rule of (recognition) may be classified as law. Anything else, including rules of morality and other social standards, can not be law and will (therefore) not be directly relevant in the processes of adjudication carried out by the courts. Normally, judges will not have any problems identifying the rules of law which apply to a particular dispute and using them to resolve the dispute.
\u6839\u636eHart \u7684\u8bba\u70b9\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u7b26\u5408\u53f8\u6cd5\u7cfb\u7edf\u627f\u8ba4\u89c4\u5219\u6240\u8ba4\u5b9a\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6548\u529b\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u5f52\u7c7b\u4e3a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u5207\u5305\u62ec\u9053\u5fb7\u51c6\u5219\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u4f1a\u6807\u51c6\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u5217\u4e3a\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u88c1\u51b3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u6cd5\u5b98\u9488\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e2a\u7ea0\u7eb7\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528\u90a3\u6761\u6cd5\u5219\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u4e89\u7aef\u662f\u6beb\u65e0\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u3002
\u3010\u6ce8\uff1a\u539f\u6587\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u9519\u5b57\uff0c\u5df2\u7528\u522e\u5f27\u6307\u51fa\u5e76\u7ea0\u6b63\u3011
\u5982\u679c,\u5728\u8fd9\u9879\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c \u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u7701\uff0c\u5e02\u653f\u6216\u8005\u5730\u65b9\u6c34\u5e73\u91c7\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u65b0\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u89c4\u7ae0\uff0c\u6cd5\u4ee4\u6216\u8005\u6761\u4f8b\uff0c \u4fee\u6539\u6216\u8005\u5e9f\u6b62\u4efb\u4f55\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b66\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5224\u51b3\u6216\u8005\u89c4\u7ae0\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c \u91c7\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u540c\u89e3\u91ca\u6216\u8005\u4efb\u4f55\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u89c4\u7ae0\uff0c\u6cd5\u4ee4\u6216\u8005\u89c4\u7ae0\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c \u8fdd\u53cd\u8fd9\u9879\u534f\u8bae\u6216\u8005\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e14\u76f8\u53cd\u5f71\u54cd\u4e00\u4e2a\u515a\u5728\u8fd9\u9879\u534f\u8bae\u4e0b\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u5176\u4e66\u9762\u901a\u77e5\u4e0a\u4ece\u5047\u88c5\u7684\u805a\u4f1a\u5230\u5176\u5b83\u515a\uff0c\u515a\u5c06\u8fc5\u901f\u5546\u8bae, \u5e76\u4e14(i)\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u4e0e\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u90a3\u4e9b\u6309\u7167\u76f8\u5173\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u4eba\u7ee7\u7eed\u6839\u636e\u539f\u5148\u7684\u5176\u89c4\u5b9a\u5b9e\u65bd\u8fd9\u9879\u534f\u8bae, (ii) \u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u53cc\u65b9\u5728\u5173\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u8fd9\u9879\u534f\u8bae\u4e0b\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\u662f\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\u4e00\u6837\u6709\u5229\uff0c\u5b9e\u884c\u5fc5\u8981\u8c03\u6574 \u5c06\u5f97\u5230\u8fd9\u6837\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u89c4\u7ae0\uff0c\u6cd5\u4ee4\u6216\u8005\u89c4\u7ae0\u4e0d\u91c7\u7528\uff0c\u4fee\u6b63\uff0c\u5e9f\u6b62\u5927\u7ea6\u89e3\u91ca\u6216\u8005\u5b9e\u73b0\u5982\u679c\u3002
\u6216
\u5982\u679c\u5728\u7b7e\u7f72\u8fd9\u9879\u534f\u8bae,\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u662f\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u7701\u3001\u5e02\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u4e00\u7ea7\u91c7\u53d6\u4efb\u4f55\u65b0\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u89c4\u7ae0\u3001\u6cd5\u4ee4\u548c\u89c4\u5b9a,\u4fee\u6b63\u6216\u5e9f\u9664\u4efb\u4f55\u6761\u6b3e\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u89c4\u7ae0\u3001\u6cd5\u4ee4\u548c\u89c4\u5b9a,\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u548c\u6267\u884c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u89c4\u7ae0\u3001\u6cd5\u4ee4\u548c\u89c4\u5b9a, \u8fdd\u53cd\u672c\u534f\u8bae\u6216\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u5229\u5f71\u54cd,\u635f\u5bb3\u4e86\u515a\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\u635f\u5bb3,\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u9879\u534f\u8bae,\u4ece\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e66\u9762\u901a\u77e5\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u5411\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9 \u53cc\u65b9\u5e94\u7acb\u5373\u8fdb\u884c\u534f\u5546,\u5e76\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426(\u4e00)\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u9879\u534f\u8bae\u6309\u7167\u539f\u89c4\u5b9a,\u6309\u6709\u5173\u89c4\u5b9a,\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u7684\u635f\u5bb3\u635f\u5bb3\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd; \u6216(\u4e8c)\u5b9e\u884c\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8c03\u6574,\u4ee5\u7ef4\u62a4\u5404\u7f14\u7ea6\u65b9\u635f\u5bb3\u635f\u5bb3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca,\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u9879\u534f\u8bae\u57fa\u4e8e\u540c\u6837\u6709\u5229\u6bd4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\u5c06\u5f97\u5230\u5982\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u89c4\u7ae0\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u5c1a\u672a\u901a\u8fc7\u3001\u4fee\u6b63\u3001\u5e9f\u6b62\u6216\u89e3\u91ca,\u6216\u6267\u884c
\u6216
\u5982\u679c, \u5728\u7b7e\u7f72\u8fd9\u4e2a\u534f\u8bae\u4ee5\u540e, \u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u72b6\u6001, \u7701, \u5e02\u653f\u6216\u5730\u65b9\u6c34\u5e73\u91c7\u53d6\u4efb\u4e00\u65b0\u6cd5\u5f8b, \u7ae0\u7a0b, \u65e8\u4ee4\u6216\u89c4\u5219, \u8d54\u507f\u6216\u64a4\u9500\u4efb\u4e00\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4efb\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f9b\u5e94, \u7ae0\u7a0b, \u65e8\u4ee4\u6216\u89c4\u5219, \u6216\u91c7\u53d6\u4efb\u4e00\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u4efb\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e6\u5916\u89e3\u91ca\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5, \u7ae0\u7a0b, \u65e8\u4ee4\u6216\u89c4\u5219, \u54ea\u4e9b\u8fdd\u53cd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u534f\u8bae\u6216\u7269\u8d28\u54ea\u4e9b\u548c\u6709\u5bb3\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u4e00\u4e2aParty..s \u7ecf\u6d4e\u597d\u5904\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u534f\u8bae, \u7136\u540e\u5728\u4e66\u9762\u901a\u77e5\u56e0\u6b64\u4ece\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u515a\u5bf9\u53e6\u4e00\u515a, \u515a\u5c06\u54a8\u8be2\u548c\u53ca\u65f6\u5730\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426(i) \u7ee7\u7eed\u5b9e\u65bd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u534f\u8bae\u4e0e\u539f\u7269\u7b26\u5408provisions \u56e0\u6b64\u6b63\u5982\u6bcfPeople..s \u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u56fd\u7684\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4f9b\u5e94; \u6216(ii) \u5b8c\u6210\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u5b58\u5404\u4e2aParty..s \u7ecf\u6d4e\u597d\u5904\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u534f\u8bae\u6839\u636e\u4f9d\u636e\u6ca1\u6709\u8f83\u4e0d\u6709\u5229\u6bd4\u5b83\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u597d\u5904, \u7ae0\u7a0b, \u65e8\u4ee4\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u672a\u88ab\u91c7\u53d6, \u4fee\u6b63, \u64a4\u9500\u6216\u5982\u6b64\u89e3\u91ca\u6216\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002
\u6216
(一)继续执行这项协议按照原规定,按有关规定,合同法的损害损害中华人民共和国;
(二)实行必要的调整,以维护各缔约方损害损害中国的经济利益,根据这项协议基于同样有利比经济利益将得到如法律、规章、命令或规则尚未通过、修正、废止或实施。
If, after the signing of this Agreement, the Chinese government either at the State, provincial, municipal or local level adopts any new law, regulation, decree or rule, amends or repeals any provision of any law, regulation, decree or rule, or adopts any different interpretation or method of implementation of any law, regulation, decree or rule, which contravenes this Agreement or which materially and adversely affects a Party’s economic benefit under this Agreement, then upon written notice thereof from the affected party to the other Party, the Parties shall promptly consult and decide whether (i) to continue to implement this Agreement in accordance with the original provisions thereof as per the relevant provisions of the Contract Law of the People’s Republic of China; or (ii) to effectuate necessary adjustments in order to preserve each Party’s economic benefit under this Agreement on a basis no less favorable than the economic benefit it would have received if such law, regulation, decree or rule had not been adopted, amended, repealed or so interpreted or implemented.
如果, 在签署这个协议以后, 中国政府或者在状态, 省, 市政或地方水平采取任一新法律, 章程, 旨令或规则, 赔偿或撤销任一法律任一个供应, 章程, 旨令或规则, 或采取任一法律的实施任一个另外解释或方法, 章程, 旨令或规则, 哪些违反这个协议或物质哪些和有害地影响一个Party..s 经济好处根据这个协议, 然后在书面通知因此从受影响的党对另一党, 党将咨询和及时地决定是否(i) 继续实施这个协议与原物符合provisions 因此正如每People..s 中华民国的合同法律的相关的供应; 或(ii) 完成必要的调整为了保存各个Party..s 经济好处根据这个协议根据依据没有较不有利比它会接受如果这样的法律的经济好处, 章程, 旨令或规则未被采取, 修正, 撤销或如此解释或实施。
如果, 在签署这个协议以后, 中国政府或者在 省, 市或地方上采取任一新法律, 章程, 旨令或规则, 赔偿或撤销任一法律任一个供应, 章程, 旨令或规则, 或采取任一法律的实施任一个另外解释或方法, 章程, 旨令或规则, 哪些违反这个协议或物质哪些和有害地影响一个地区经济好处根据这个协议, 然后在书面通知因此从受影响的党对另一党, 党将咨询和及时地决定是否(i) 继续实施这个协议与原物符合。 因此正如每。中华人民共和国的合同法律的相关的供应; 或(ii) 完成必要的调整为了保存各个的确经济好处根据这个协议根据依据没有较不有利比它会接受如果这样的法律的经济好处, 章程, 旨令或规则未被采取, 修正, 撤销或如此解释或实施。
如果在签署这项协议,中国政府是在国家、省、市和地方一级采取任何新的法律、规章、法令和规定,修正或废除任何条款的任何法律、规章、法令和规定,或通过任何不同的解释和执行方法的任何法律、规章、法令和规定, 违反本协议或有重大的不利影响,损害了党的经济利益损害,根据这项协议,从当时的情况书面通知当事人向另一方 双方应立即进行协商,并决定是否(一)继续执行这项协议按照原规定,按有关规定,合同法的损害损害中华人民共和国; 或(二)实行必要的调整,以维护各缔约方损害损害中国的经济利益,根据这项协议基于同样有利比经济利益将得到如法律、规章、命令或规则尚未通过、修正、废止或解释,或执行
如果, 在签署这个协议以后, 中国政府或者在状态, 省, 市政或地方水平采取任一新法律, 章程, 旨令或规则, 赔偿或撤销任一法律任一个供应, 章程, 旨令或规则, 或采取任一法律的实施任一个另外解释或方法, 章程, 旨令或规则, 哪些违反这个协议或物质哪些和有害地影响一个Party..s 经济好处根据这个协议, 然后在书面通知因此从受影响的党对另一党, 党将咨询和及时地决定是否(i) 继续实施这个协议与原物符合provisions 因此正如每People..s 中华民国的合同法律的相关的供应; 或(ii) 完成必要的调整为了保存各个Party..s 经济好处根据这个协议根据依据没有较不有利比它会接受如果这样的法律的经济好处, 章程, 旨令或规则未被采取, 修正, 撤销或如此解释或实施。
绛旓細41. objection -鍙嶅 objection overruled鈥斺斿弽瀵归┏鍥
绛旓細濡傛灉鍦ㄧ缃茶繖椤瑰崗璁,涓浗鏀垮簻鏄湪鍥藉銆佺渷銆佸競鍜屽湴鏂逛竴绾ч噰鍙栦换浣曟柊鐨娉曞緥銆佽绔犮佹硶浠ゅ拰瑙勫畾,淇鎴栧簾闄や换浣 鏉℃鐨勪换浣曟硶寰嬨佽绔犮佹硶浠ゅ拰瑙勫畾,鎴栭氳繃浠讳綍涓嶅悓鐨勮В閲婂拰鎵ц鏂规硶鐨勪换浣曟硶寰嬨佽绔犮佹硶浠ゅ拰瑙勫畾, 杩濆弽鏈崗璁垨鏈夐噸澶х殑涓嶅埄褰卞搷,鎹熷浜嗗厷鐨勭粡娴庡埄鐩婃崯瀹,鏍规嵁杩欓」鍗忚,浠庡綋鏃剁殑鎯呭喌涔﹂潰閫氱煡...
绛旓細1锛The largest , most important family is the so-called civil-law family.姘戞硶鎵鎸囩殑瀹跺涵锛屾湁鏈澶ф渶閲嶈涔嬫剰銆2: Civil-law systems are , generally speaking , 鈥渃odified鈥 systems: the basic law is set out in code.涓鑸岃█锛屾皯娉曚綋绯讳箖鏄滄硶鍏稿寲鈥濅綋绯伙紝鍗筹細鍏跺熀鏈硶寰嬩互娉曞吀鍛堢幇銆3...
绛旓細Finally, law can be distinguished from other forms of social control primarily in that it is a formal system embodying explicit rules of conduct, the planned use of sanctions to ensure compliance with the rules, and a group of authorized officials designated to interpret the rules an...
绛旓細鍙缈昏瘧涓猴細鍦ㄥ泭锛岃嫻鏋滃０绉 锛1锛鍟嗘爣渚垫潈锛岃櫄鍋囩殑鍚嶇О鎴栨潵婧愶紝鍜岄敊璇殑鎻忚堪锛屽湪搂43锛堜竴锛鐨勫埗瀹氭硶锛15U銆係C搂1125锛堜竴锛夛紱锛2锛夌█閲婏紝鍦43锛圕锛夌殑鍒跺畾娉曪紝搂15 U.S.C. 1125锛圕锛夛紱锛3锛夋櫘閫氭硶涓婄殑鍟嗘爣渚垫潈锛涳紙4锛夊姞鍒╃灏间簹宸ュ晢鑱屼笟浠ｇ爜搂14247鍜屾櫘閫氭硶涓嬬殑绋閲婏紱锛5锛夎櫄鍋囧箍鍛婂湪搂43...
绛旓細1.Muller Martini is seeking damages and injunctive relief.绌嗗嫆椹彁灏兼槸瑕佹眰璧斿伩鍜岀浠ゆ晳娴庛2.For different purposes , they can take actions for damages or for injunctive relief.鍙嶅瀯鏂硶姘戜簨璐ｄ换璇夎鏈夋崯瀹宠禂鍋夸箣璇夊拰绂佷护鏁戞祹涔嬭瘔锛涖恑njunctive relief銆戠浠ゆ晳娴 銆恇e subject to銆戜粠灞炰簬;鍙楅檺...
绛旓細1 Either party may terminate this Contract for cause, in whole or in part, upon thirty (30) days notice, in writing, to either party. In the event of termination, the Contractor shall be reimbursed by the only for work and services satisfactorily performed in conformity with the...
绛旓細3.杩濆弽鍚堝悓鐨娉曞緥姒傚康鏄竴涓湁绾︽潫鍔涚殑鍗忚鏄敱涓涓垨澶氫釜寰椾笉鍒板皧閲嶅綋浜嬩汉澶氭鏈饱琛屽悎鍚屾垨鍙楀埌骞叉壈,鍙︿竴鏂圭殑鎬ц兘銆4.涓涓交寰繚瑙勩侀儴鍒嗚繚绾︽垨鏃犲舰杩濈害涓鏂癸紝鐮村潖鏂瑰彂鐢熺殑鏃犳潈瀹氬崟鐨勪箟鍔＄殑灞ヨ,浣嗗彧鏈夋敹闆嗗疄闄呰楃敤鐨勬崯瀹炽傦紙杩欏彞瀹屽叏涓嶇煡鍦ㄨ浠涔堬級鏈汉鍑犺繎娉曠洸锛屼互涓婂唴瀹癸紝璇峰啀鑷淇敼銆
绛旓細妤间富锛屾垜鐪嬭繖鏍峰鐞嗕綘杩欐涓娉曞緥璇夎鏈夊叧鐨勬枃娈垫渶濂戒簡锛氾紙鎴戞槸骞夸笢澶栬澶栬锤澶у楂樼骇缈昏瘧瀛﹂櫌涓骞寸骇鐮旂┒鐢燂紝璇蜂綘鏀惧績锛屾垜璁ょ湡甯綘璇戠殑锛岀粷鏃犱换浣曟満璇戞垨涔辨潵鎴愬垎锛侊級璇锋ゼ涓诲ぇ浜轰粩缁嗕綋浼氾細By setting a contract aside. The cases of mistake dealt with at common law involve mistake as to primary ...
绛旓細鐭ヨ瘑浜ф潈鍜屽叾浠栧悎娉曟潈鐩娿俆hat the Seller supplies the equipment under the Contract will not violate any ownership, intellectual property right and other legitimate rights and interests.PS锛娉曞緥鍚堝悓绉嶇殑浠讳綍涓鏂瑰悕瀛楅瀛楁瘝闇瑕佸ぇ鍐欙紝浠ョず寮鸿皟锛屸滃悎鍚屸濇澶勭壒鎸囷紝棣栧瓧姣嶅疁澶у啓锛
