晚清新史学的梁启超与“新史学”
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http://baike.baidu.com/view/43262.html
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1901年，1902年，梁启超先后发表《中国史叙论》和《新史学》两篇文章，对中国传统史学做了激烈批评。他认为，传统史学与国家，人民的事业毫无关系，不过充当了帝王的“政治教科书”；所以中国古代的史学虽然发达，但国民却未能从中受到教益。他呼吁进行一场“史界革命”，倡议建立新史学，重写中国史。梁启超的这两篇文章被称为“新史学的宣言书”，对当时的史学变革产生了极大的影响。
新史学在历史观念，治史目的，对象等方面，都与传统史学有着根本的不同：新史学持历史进化论观点，区别于传统史学复古，循环的观念；新史学以国民群体为历史重心，区别于传统史学以皇族王朝为历史中心；新史学以以全体国民为读者对象，区别于传统史学为帝王个人提供借鉴。总之，新史学的宗旨是为全体国民写史，写全体国民的历史。
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绛旓細姊佸惎瓒涓鐢熷嫟濂,钁楄堪瀹忓瘜,鍦ㄥ皢杩36骞磋屾斂娌绘椿鍔ㄥ張鍗犲幓澶ч噺鏃堕棿鐨勬儏鍐典笅,姣忓勾骞冲潎鍐欎綔杈39涓囧瓧涔嬪,鍚勭钁楄堪杈1400澶氫竾瀛椼 浠栨湁澶氱浣滃搧闆嗚涓,浠1936骞9鏈11鏃ュ嚭鐗堢殑銆婇ギ鍐板鍚堥泦銆嬭緝瀹屽銆傘婇ギ鍐板鍚堥泦銆嬭148鍗,1000浣欎竾瀛椼 1901鑷1902骞,鍏堝悗鎾板啓浜嗐婁腑鍥藉彶鍙欒銆嬪拰銆鏂板彶瀛銆,鎵瑰垽灏佸缓鍙插,鍙戝姩鈥...
绛旓細銆併婃眽涔β疯壓鏂囧織娓氬瓙鐣ヨ冮噴銆嬬瓑10浣欑銆姊佸惎瓒琚叕璁や负鏄娓呮湯浼樼鐨勫鑰咃紝涓浗鍘嗗彶涓婁竴浣嶇櫨绉戝叏涔﹀紡浜虹墿锛岃屼笖鏄竴浣嶈兘鍦ㄩ鍑烘斂娌昏垶鍙板悗浠嶅湪瀛︽湳鐮旂┒涓婂彇寰楀法澶ф垚灏辩殑灏戞湁浜虹墿銆傝緵浜ラ潻鍛藉墠锛屼粬鍦ㄤ笌闈╁懡娲捐鎴樹腑鍙戞槑浜嗕竴绉嶆柊鏂囦綋锛屼粙涔庝簬鍙ゆ枃涓庣櫧璇濇枃涔嬮棿锛屼娇寰楀＋瀛愪滑鍜屾櫘閫氱櫨濮撻兘涔愭剰鎺ュ彈銆
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绛旓細姊佸惎瓒鐢熷钩澶т簨绠浠嬶細1.鏂ヨ矗蹇楁懇 姘戝浗鍗佸洓骞达紙1925骞达級闃村巻涓冩湀鍒濅竷锛屽緪蹇楁懇涓庨檰灏忔浖缁撳锛岃姊佸惎瓒呭嚭甯瘉濠氥傛鍚秴鍙嶅浠栦滑鈥滀娇鍚涙湁濡団濄佲滅綏鏁锋湁澶濅箣闂寸殑鎭嬫儏锛屼篃瑙勫姖杩囧緪蹇楁懇锛涚浜庡緪蹇楁懇涔嬬埗鍜岃儭閫傜殑鎯呴潰锛屾鍚秴绛斿簲鍑哄腑璇佸銆備絾鍦ㄥ绀间笂姊佸惎瓒呭嵈瀵瑰緪蹇楁懇銆侀檰灏忔浖鐢ㄦ儏涓嶄笓鍘夊０璁枼锛屾粩婊斾笉缁濓紝浣...
绛旓細姊佸惎瓒(1873骞2鏈23鏃モ1929骞1鏈19鏃),瀛楀崜濡傘佷换鐢,鍙蜂换鍏楗啺瀛,鍒讲楗啺瀹や富浜,骞夸笢鏂颁細浜,涓浗杩戜唬鎬濇兂瀹躲佹斂娌绘椿鍔ㄥ銆佸鑰,鎴婃垖鍙樻硶棰嗚涔嬩竴銆 鏃╁勾浜嬭抗姊佸惎瓒1873骞2鏈23鏃ュ嚭鐢熶簬骞夸笢鐪佹柊浼氬幙鐔婂瓙涔¤尪鍧戞潙涓涓崐鑰曞崐璇荤殑瀹跺涵銆傚辜骞存椂鍦ㄥ涓帴鍙椾紶缁熸暀鑲,浠栬仾棰栬繃浜,鈥滃叓宀佸涓烘枃,涔濆瞾鑳界紑鍗冭█鈥...
绛旓細姊佸惎瓒琚叕璁や负鏄娓呮湯浼樼鐨勫鑰咃紝涓浗鍘嗗彶涓婁竴浣嶇櫨绉戝叏涔﹀紡浜虹墿锛岃屼笖鏄竴浣嶈兘鍦ㄩ鍑烘斂娌昏垶鍙板悗浠嶅湪瀛︽湳鐮旂┒涓婂彇寰楀法澶ф垚灏辩殑灏戞湁浜虹墿銆傝緵浜ラ潻鍛藉墠锛屼粬鍦ㄤ笌闈╁懡娲捐鎴樹腑鍙戞槑浜嗕竴绉嶆柊鏂囦綋锛屼粙涔庝簬鍙ゆ枃涓庣櫧璇濇枃涔嬮棿锛屼娇寰楀＋瀛愪滑鍜屾櫘閫氱櫨濮撻兘涔愭剰鎺ュ彈銆傚悓鏃讹紝姊佸惎瓒呰繕鏄腑鍥界涓涓湪鏂囩珷涓娇鐢ㄢ滀腑鍗庢皯鏃忊濅竴...
绛旓細鏂版濇兂涔嬭緭鍏,濡傜伀濡傝嵓鐭ｃ傗漑1]涓銆姊佸惎瓒瀵硅タ鏂瑰鏈濇兂鐨勮瘧浠嬭タ鏂圭殑浼楀鎬濇兂鍜屽鏈祦娲剧敱浠栦粙缁嶈繃鏉,涓嶅皯鏈夊悕鐨勫ぇ瀛﹂棶瀹朵粬閮芥湁涓撴枃璇勮銆傚湪銆婇ギ鍐板鍚堥泦銆嬩腑,浠栨秹鍙婂埌鐨勬缇庛佹棩鏈湁褰卞搷鐨勬枃鍖栧悕浜烘湁50澶氫綅銆1.鍗㈡銆傛鍚秴鍦ㄣ婂崲姊妗堛嬩腑绯荤粺鍦颁粙缁嶄簡鍗㈡鐨勭敓骞冲拰鏀挎不涓诲紶,璇︾粏璇勮堪浜嗐婃皯绾﹁銆嬬殑鍩烘湰...
