控制的定义是什么？控制工作有哪些重要性？控制的基本特性有哪些 经营模式生存能力差 是什么意思？
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\u3000\u3000\u4f8b\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5f003\u6b21\u65b9\uff0c\u5373K=3\uff1b
\u3000\u3000\u516c\u5f0f\uff1aX(n+1)=Xn+[A/X^2-Xn]1/3
\u3000\u3000\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cA=5\uff0c5\u57281\u76843\u6b21\u65b9\u548c2\u76843\u6b21\u65b9\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0cX0\u65e0\u8bba\u53d61.1\uff0c1.2\uff0c1.3\uff0c1.4\uff0c1.5\uff0c1.6\uff0c1.7\uff0c1.8\uff0c1.9\uff0c2.0\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u53d62\u4e3a\u521d\u59cb\u503c\uff1a
\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a2+(5/2x2-2)1/3=1.7=X1
\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a1.7+(5/1.7x1.7-1.7)1/3=1.71=X3
\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a1.71+(5/1.71x1.71-1.71)1/3=1.709=X4
\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u56db\u6b65\uff1a1.709+(5/1.709x1.709-1.709)1/3=1.7099=X5
\u3000\u3000\u6bcf\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u6bd4\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u591a\u53d6\u4e00\u4f4d\u6570\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u6b21\u6570\u4e0e\u7cbe\u786e\u5ea6\u6210\u6b63\u6bd4\u3002\u53d6\u503c\u504f\u5927\u516c\u5f0f\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff0c\u53d6\u503c\u504f\u5c0f\u516c\u5f0f\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u5927\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u6b65\u3002\u53cd\u9988\u63a7\u5236\u5177\u6709\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u8ddf\u8e2a\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u6297\u5e72\u6270\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u53cd\u9988\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u3002
\u3000\u30007\u3001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236
\u3000\u3000\u8fc7\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u4e5f\u79f0\u81ea\u52a8\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u5728\u65e0\u4eba\u76f4\u63a5\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u88c5\u7f6e\u4f7f\u5404\u751f\u4ea7\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u6d3b\u52a8\u73af\u8282\u80fd\u4ee5\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u5ea6\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u8282\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u63a7\u5236\u591a\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u81ea\u89c9\u8fd0\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\u89c4\u5f8b\u548c\u5e02\u573a\u673a\u5236\u7684\u8c03\u8282\uff0c\u4ece\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u52a8\u63a7\u5236\u3002
\u3000\u30008\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u63a7\u5236
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u662f\u6307\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bfb\u6c42\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f7f\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u88ab\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u6307\u6807\u53d6\u5f97\u6700\u5927\u6216\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\u63a7\u5236\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u5177\u5907\u4e09\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u8981\u7ed9\u51fa\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u6307\u6807\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u8981\u7ed9\u51fa\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\uff1b\u4e09\u662f\u8981\u5bfb\u627e\u4f18\u5316\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u673a\u5236\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u590d\u6742\u591a\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\u63a7\u5236\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u5341\u5168\u5341\u7f8e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f18\u5316\u63a7\u5236\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u6216\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u96be\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u968f\u7740\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u63a7\u5236\u5df2\u5f00\u59cb\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u63a7\u5236\u5c06\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u628a\u9002\u5e94\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u3001\u63a2\u7d22\u7b49\u80fd\u529b\u5f15\u5165\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5177\u6709\u8bc6\u522b\u3001\u51b3\u7b56\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u81ea\u52a8\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u63a7\u5236\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u3002
\u3000\u30009\u3001\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u63a7\u5236
\u3000\u3000\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u6307\u5de5\u4f5c\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u53d1\u751f\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u80fd\u53ca\u65f6\u8c03\u6574\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u9884\u671f\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f46\u80fd\u9002\u5e94\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u548c\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u539f\u5b9a\u7b56\u7565\u53ca\u67d0\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5b9e\u884c\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u63a7\u5236\u8981\u4e0d\u65ad\u6d4b\u91cf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u79ef\u7d2f\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ee5\u6c42\u5728\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u5316\u76f8\u9002\u5e94\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6548\u679c\u5b9a\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u3001\u6807\u51c6\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u7ea0\u6b63\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u201c\u63a7\u5236\u201d
\u3000\u3000\u63a7\u5236\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49
\u3000\u3000\u662f\u6307\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u5458\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7ec4\u7ec7\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0b\u5c5e\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u91cf\u3001\u8861\u91cf\u548c\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff0c\u5e76\u91c7\u53d6\u76f8\u5e94\u63aa\u65bd\u7ea0\u6b63\u5404\u79cd\u504f\u5dee\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6
\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6
\u3000\u3000? \u8ba1\u5212\u524d\u63d0\uff1a\u8981\u5236\u5b9a\u4e00\u5957\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\uff0c\u5207\u5b9e\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u9632\u6b62\u5de5\u4f5c\u51fa\u73b0\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u4e0e\u9884\u5148\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u63a7\u5236\u4e4b\u524d\u5fc5\u987b\u5236\u5b9a\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5373\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u8ba1\u5212\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u4f5c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u884c\u52a8\u8def\u7ebf\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u5de5\u4f5c\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5728\u5236\u5b9a\u8ba1\u5212\u65f6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5176\u5b9e\u65bd\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u8003\u8651\u540e\u7eed\u63a7\u5236\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u8ba1\u5212\u8d8a\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u5168\u9762\uff0c\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u8d8a\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u6548\u679c\u8d8a\u597d\u3002
\u3000\u3000? \u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u524d\u63d0\uff1a\u8981\u6709\u4e13\u53f8\u63a7\u5236\u804c\u80fd\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5373\u63a7\u5236\u673a\u6784\u3002\u5728\u5f00\u5c55\u63a7\u5236\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e4b\u524d\u5e94\u660e\u786e\u754c\u5b9a\u8d1f\u8d23\u8bc4\u4ef7\u548c\u7ea0\u6b63\u504f\u5dee\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5c97\u4f4d\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e0d\u4ec5\u660e\u786e\u804c\u8d23\u4e5f\u6e05\u695a\u76f8\u4e92\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76d1\u7763\u5173\u7cfb\u3002
\u3000\u3000? \u4fe1\u606f\u6c9f\u901a\u7f51\u7edc\u524d\u63d0\uff1a\u5e94\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u76f8\u5bf9\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6c9f\u901a\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u63a7\u5236\u5de5\u4f5c\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u8005\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u65ad\u6536\u96c6\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5373\u4f7f\u5224\u65ad\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u76ee\u7684\u4e0e\u4f5c\u7528
\u3000\u3000\u4e09\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e0e\u4f5c\u7528
\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u76ee\u7684
\u3000\u3000? \u9650\u5236\u504f\u5dee\u7684\u7d2f\u79ef\u4ee5\u53ca\u9632\u6b62\u65b0\u504f\u5dee\u51fa\u73b0\uff1a\u504f\u5dee\u968f\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u5728\u8ba1\u5212\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u51fa\u73b0\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u8f6c\u7684\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u653e\u5927\uff0c\u5230\u6700\u540e\u4f1a\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u3002
\u3000\u3000? \u9002\u5e94\u73af\u5883\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u63a7\u5236\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6d3b\u52a8\u5728\u7ef4\u6301\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u87ba\u65cb\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u5373\u9002\u5e94\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u7ba1\u7406\u7a81\u7834\u3002
\u3000\u3000\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u4f5c\u7528\uff08P198\uff09
\u3000\u3000? \u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u76ee\u6807\u5b9e\u73b0\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8
\u3000\u3000? \u2018\u901a\u8fc7\u7ea0\u6b63\u504f\u5dee\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7ba1\u7406\u804c\u80fd\u7d27\u5bc6\u5730\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77
\u3000\u3000? \u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u5458\u53ca\u65f6\u4e86\u89e3\u7ec4\u7ec7\u73af\u5883\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5e76\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u5316\u505a\u51fa\u8fc5\u901f\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5b89\u5168\u3002
\u3000\u3000? \u4e3a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4fee\u6539\u5b8c\u5584\u8ba1\u5212\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f9d\u636e\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u7c7b\u578b
\u3000\u3000\u56db\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u7c7b\u578b(P199)
\u3000\u3000? \u524d\u9988\u63a7\u5236\uff1a\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6700\u65b0\u4fe1\u606f\u6216\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6559\u8bad\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u5bf9\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\u8fdb\u884c\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u53ef\u9632\u60a3\u4e8e\u672a\u7136\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8b\u4e0d\u5bf9\u4eba\u3002
\u3000\u3000? \u73b0\u573a\u63a7\u5236:\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u4eb2\u4e34\u73b0\u573a\uff0c\u6240\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u6709\u76d1\u7763\u548c\u6307\u5bfc\u4e24\u9879\u804c\u80fd\u3002
\u3000\u3000? \u53cd\u9988\u63a7\u5236\uff1a\u4ea1\u7f8a\u8865\u7262\uff0c\u672a\u4e3a\u665a\u77e3\uff0c\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u628a\u63e1\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u5458\u5de5\u8003\u6838\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u91cd\u70b9\u548c\u8fc7\u7a0b
\u3000\u3000\u4e94\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u91cd\u70b9
\u3000\u3000? \u4eba\u5458
\u3000\u3000? \u8d22\u52a1
\u3000\u3000? \u4f5c\u4e1a
\u3000\u3000? \u4fe1\u606f
\u3000\u3000? \u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ee9\u6548
\u3000\u3000\u516d\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b(p202-208)
\u3000\u3000? \u786e\u5b9a\u6807\u51c6
\u3000\u3000\u786e\u5b9a\u63a7\u5236\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff1a\u53cd\u6620\u8ba1\u5212\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u5173\u952e\u70b9\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u63a7\u5236\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9002\u5e94\u6027\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u63a7\u5236\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u6027\uff1a\u7b80\u660e\uff0c\u9002\u7528\uff0c\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u53ef\u884c\uff0c\u53ef\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u7075\u6d3b\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u5e38\u7528\u63a7\u5236\u6807\u51c6\uff1a\u5b9a\u91cf\u4e0e\u5b9a\u6027
\u3000\u3000\u5236\u5b9a\u63a7\u5236\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a\u786e\u7acb\u63a7\u5236\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u63a7\u5236\u5173\u952e\u70b9\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u63a7\u5236\u6807\u51c6\uff08\u7edf\u8ba1\u6027\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09
\u3000\u3000? \u8861\u91cf\u6210\u6548
\u3000\u3000\u8861\u91cf\u5de5\u4f5c\u6210\u6548\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8d28\u91cf\uff1a\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u53ca\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u9760\u9002\u7528
\u3000\u3000\u6536\u96c6\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u4eb2\u81ea\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u62a5\u8868\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u62bd\u6837\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u53ec\u5f00\u56de\u5fc6\uff0c\u53e3\u5934\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u4e66\u9762\u62a5\u544a\u3002
\u3000\u3000? \u7ea0\u6b63\u504f\u5dee
\u3000\u3000\u5206\u6790\u504f\u5dee\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0
\u3000\u3000\u786e\u5b9a\u7ea0\u504f\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61
\u3000\u3000\u60ac\u7740\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u7ea0\u504f\u63aa\u65bd\uff1a\u4fdd\u6301\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u539f\u6709\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u6d88\u9664\u7591\u60d1\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u5373\u7ba1\u7406\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u4e94\u5927\u57fa\u672c\u804c\u80fd\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u7ba1\u7406\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u4e94\u5927\u804c\u80fd\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\uff1a\u8ba1\u5212\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u6fc0\u52b1\u3001\u9886\u5bfc\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u7126\u70b9
\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u3001\u4eba\u5458\u63a7\u5236
\u3000\u3000\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u9700\u8981\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u4f9d\u9760\u4e0b\u5c5e\u5458\u5de5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u4f7f\u5458\u5de5\u6309\u7167\u4ed6\u6240\u671f\u671b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u6700\u7b80\u660e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5de1\u89c6\u548c\u8bc4\u4f30\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u89c2\u5bdf\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5e76\u7ea0\u6b63\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u76d1\u5de5\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u4f4d\u5458\u5de5\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u673a\u5668\u4e0d\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u6307\u660e\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e76\u544a\u8bc9\u5458\u5de5\u5728\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6309\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u5bf9\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fdb\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u8fd1\u671f\u7ee9\u6548\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u9274\u5b9a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ee9\u6548\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u5458\u5de5\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u5f97\u5230\u5956\u52b1\uff0c\u5982\u589e\u52a0\u5de5\u8d44\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u7ee9\u6548\u8fbe\u4e0d\u5230\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u60f3\u529e\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u504f\u5dee\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5904\u7406\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4e0b\u9762\u5217\u4e3e\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u63a7\u5236\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u51e0\u4e4e\u7528\u5230\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u5217\u4e3e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u589e\u5927\u4f7f\u5458\u5de5\u6309\u671f\u671b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u505a\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002
\u3000\u3000\uff081\uff09\u7504\u9009
\u3000\u3000\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u96c7\u4f63\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u3001\u6001\u5ea6\u548c\u4e2a\u6027\u7b26\u5408\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u671f\u671b\u7684\u4eba
\u3000\u3000\uff082\uff09\u76ee\u6807
\u3000\u3000\u5f53\u5458\u5de5\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u6807\u5c31\u4f1a\u6307\u5bfc\u548c\u9650\u5236\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u3000\u884c\u4e3a
\u3000\u3000\uff083\uff09\u804c\u52a1\u8bbe\u8ba1
\u3000\u3000\u804c\u52a1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u51b3\u5b9a\u7740\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u4ece\u4e8b\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5de5\u3000\u4f5c\u7684\u8282\u594f\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8
\u3000\u3000\uff084\uff09\u5b9a\u5411
\u3000\u3000\u5458\u5de5\u5b9a\u5411\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u4f55\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u6216\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684
\u3000\u3000\uff085\uff09\u76f4\u63a5\u76d1\u7763
\u3000\u3000\u76d1\u7763\u4eba\u5458\u4eb2\u4e34\u73b0\u573a\u53ef\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u73b0\u504f\u79bb\u6807\u51c6\u3000\u7684\u884c\u4e3a
\u3000\u3000\uff086\uff09\u57f9\u8bad
\u3000\u3000\u6b63\u5f0f\u57f9\u8bad\u8ba1\u5212\u5411\u5458\u5de5\u4f20\u6388\u671f\u671b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f
\u3000\u3000\uff087\uff09\u4f20\u6388
\u3000\u3000\u8001\u5458\u5de5\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u548c\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u4f20\u6388\u6d3b\u52a8\u5411\u65b0\u5458\u5de5\u4f20\u9012\u4e86"\u8be5\u77e5\u9053\u548c\u3000\u4e0d\u8be5\u77e5\u9053"\u7684\u89c4\u5219
\u3000\u3000\uff088\uff09\u6b63\u89c4\u5316
\u3000\u3000\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u804c\u52a1\u8bf4\u660e\u4e66\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u89c4\u7ae0\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u53ef\u63a5\u3000\u53d7\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u7981\u6b62\u7684\u884c\u4e3a
\u3000\u3000\uff089\uff09\u7ee9\u6548\u8bc4\u4f30
\u3000\u3000\u5458\u5de5\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5404\u9879\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6307\u6807\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u884c\u4e8b
\u3000\u3000\uff0810\uff09\u7ec4\u7ec7\u62a5\u916c
\u3000\u3000\u62a5\u916c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5316\u548c\u9f13\u52b1\u671f\u671b\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u6d88\u9664\u4e0d\u671f\u671b\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u624b\u6bb5
\u3000\u3000\uff0811\uff09\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6587\u5316
\u3000\u3000\u901a\u8fc7\u6545\u4e8b\u3001\u4eea\u5f0f\u548c\u9ad8\u5c42\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u8868\u7387\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u9012\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u6784\u6210\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f
\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\u3001\u8d22\u52a1\u63a7\u5236
\u3000\u3000\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u9996\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u83b7\u53d6\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u3002\u5728\u8ffd\u6c42\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u65f6\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u90fd\u8981\u501f\u52a9\u8d39\u7528\u8fdb\u884c\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u4ed4\u7ec6\u67e5\u9605\u6bcf\u5b63\u5ea6\u7684\u6536\u652f\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u591a\u4f59\u7684\u652f\u51fa\uff1b\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u51e0\u4e2a\u5e38\u7528\u8d22\u52a1\u6307\u6807\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u652f\u4ed8\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u8d39\u7528\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u503a\u52a1\u8d1f\u62c5\u4e0d\u81f3\u4e8e\u592a\u91cd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u90fd\u5f97\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5229\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u8d22\u52a1\u63a7\u5236\u51cf\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u8d44\u6e90\u5f97\u4ee5\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u9884\u7b97\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u63a7\u5236\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u8d22\u52a1\u9884\u7b97\u4e3a\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0e\u8861\u91cf\u652f\u51fa\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u636e\u6b64\u80fd\u591f\u6307\u51fa\u6807\u51c6\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u82b1\u8d39\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u5355\u4e2a\u8003\u8651\u53cd\u6620\u7ecf\u8425\u6210\u679c\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u4efb\u4f55\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f01\u4e1a\u672c\u5e74\u5ea6\u76c8\u5229100\u4e07\u5143\uff0c\u67d0\u90e8\u95e8\u672c\u671f\u751f\u4ea7\u4e865000\u4e2a\u5355\u4f4d\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u6216\u672c\u671f\u4eba\u5de5\u652f\u51fa\u8d39\u7528\u4e3a85\u4e07\u5143\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u672c\u8eab\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u6839\u636e\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5185\u5728\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u76f8\u4e92\u5bf9\u7167\u5206\u6790\u624d\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u67d0\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6bd4\u7387\u5206\u6790\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u4f01\u4e1a\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u548c\u6536\u76ca\u8868\u4e0a\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u9879\u76ee\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u7387\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5206\u6790\u548c\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u6210\u679c\u548c\u8d22\u52a1\u72b6\u51b5\u3002\u5229\u7528\u8d22\u52a1\u62a5\u8868\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5217\u51fa\u8bb8\u591a\u6bd4\u7387\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5373\u8d22\u52a1\u6bd4\u7387\u548c\u7ecf\u8425\u6bd4\u7387\u3002?
\u3000\u30001.\u8d22\u52a1\u6bd4\u7387?
\u3000\u3000\u8d22\u52a1\u6bd4\u7387\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e86\u89e3\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u507f\u503a\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u76c8\u5229\u80fd\u529b\u7b49\u8d22\u52a1\u72b6\u51b5\u3002
\u3000\u3000(1)\u6d41\u52a8\u6bd4\u7387?
\u3000\u3000\u6d41\u52a8\u6bd4\u7387\u662f\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u4ea7\u4e0e\u6d41\u52a8\u8d1f\u503a\u4e4b\u6bd4\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4f01\u4e1a\u507f\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u4ed8\u73b0\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u503a\u52a1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u507f\u503a\u80fd\u529b\u5c31\u8d8a\u5f3a\uff1b\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u507f\u503a\u80fd\u529b\u5219\u8d8a\u5f31\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4fe1\u8a89\u548c\u77ed\u671f\u507f\u503a\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u8d44\u4ea7\u5e94\u5177\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u3002\u8d44\u4ea7\u82e5\u4ee5\u73b0\u91d1\u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u6700\u5f3a\u3002\u4f46\u8981\u9632\u6b62\u4e3a\u8ffd\u6c42\u8fc7\u9ad8\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8d22\u52a1\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u95f2\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u4f01\u4e1a\u5931\u53bb\u672c\u5e94\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u3002
\u3000\u3000(2)\u901f\u52a8\u6bd4\u7387?
\u3000\u3000\u901f\u52a8\u6bd4\u7387\u662f\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u4ea7\u548c\u5b58\u8d27\u4e4b\u5dee\u4e0e\u6d41\u52a8\u8d1f\u503a\u4e4b\u6bd4\u3002\u548c\u6d41\u52a8\u6bd4\u7387\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8be5\u6bd4\u7387\u4e5f\u662f\u8861\u91cf\u4f01\u4e1a\u8d44\u4ea7\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\u3002\u5f53\u4f01\u4e1a\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u5b58\u8d27\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b58\u8d27\u5468\u8f6c\u7387\u4f4e\u65f6\uff0c\u901f\u52a8\u6bd4\u7387\u6bd4\u6d41\u52a8\u6bd4\u7387\u66f4\u80fd\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u5ba2\u89c2\u60c5\u51b5\u3002
\u3000\u3000(3)\u8d1f\u503a\u6bd4\u7387?
\u3000\u3000\u8d1f\u503a\u6bd4\u7387\u662f\u4f01\u4e1a\u603b\u8d1f\u503a\u4e0e\u603b\u8d44\u4ea7\u4e4b\u6bd4\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4f01\u4e1a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u4e0e\u5916\u90e8\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u6bd4\u7387\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u4f01\u4e1a\u5168\u90e8\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u7387\u9ad8\u4e8e\u501f\u5165\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u5229\u606f\uff0c\u4e14\u5916\u90e8\u8d44\u91d1\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u5a01\u80c1\u4f01\u4e1a\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7684\u884c\u4f7f\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5145\u5206\u5730\u5411\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u501f\u5165\u8d44\u91d1\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u989d\u5916\u5229\u6da6\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u503a\u52a1\u6bd4\u7387\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u9ad8\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u523070\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u8bb8\u591a\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u5916\u501f\u8d44\u91d1\u5360\u5168\u90e8\u8425\u8fd0\u8d44\u91d1\u768480\uff05\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fc7\u9ad8\u7684\u8d1f\u503a\u6bd4\u7387\u5bf9\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u4e0d\u5229\u3002
\u3000\u3000(4)\u76c8\u5229\u6bd4\u7387?
\u3000\u3000\u76c8\u5229\u6bd4\u7387\u662f\u4f01\u4e1a\u5229\u6da6\u4e0e\u9500\u552e\u989d\u6216\u5168\u90e8\u8d44\u91d1\u7b49\u76f8\u5173\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4f01\u4e1a\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\u671f\u4ece\u4e8b\u67d0\u79cd\u7ecf\u8425\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u76c8\u5229\u7a0b\u5ea6\u53ca\u5176\u53d8\u5316\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6bd4\u7387\u6709\u9500\u552e\u5229\u6da6\u7387\u548c\u8d44\u91d1\u5229\u6da6\u7387\u3002?
\u3000\u3000\u9500\u552e\u5229\u6da6\u7387\u662f\u9500\u552e\u51c0\u5229\u6da6\u4e0e\u9500\u552e\u603b\u989d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5b83\u53cd\u6620\u4f01\u4e1a\u4ece\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u9500\u552e\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u5229\u6da6\u3002\u5c06\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e0d\u540c\u4ea7\u54c1\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u7ecf\u8425\u5355\u4f4d\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u9500\u552e\u5229\u6da6\u7387\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u80fd\u4e3a\u7ecf\u8425\u63a7\u5236\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002?
\u3000\u3000\u8d44\u91d1\u5229\u6da6\u7387\u662f\u6307\u4f01\u4e1a\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u7ecf\u8425\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u51c0\u5229\u6da6\u4e0e\u8be5\u671f\u5360\u7528\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u8d44\u91d1\u4e4b\u6bd4\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u8861\u91cf\u4f01\u4e1a\u8d44\u91d1\u5229\u7528\u6548\u679c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4f01\u4e1a\u662f\u5426\u4ece\u5168\u90e8\u6295\u8d44\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u51c0\u5229\u6da6\u3002\u540c\u9500\u552e\u5229\u6da6\u7387\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8d44\u91d1\u5229\u6da6\u7387\u4e5f\u8981\u540c\u5176\u4ed6\u7ecf\u8425\u5355\u4f4d\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5e74\u5ea6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u822c\u8981\u4e3a\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u5229\u6da6\u7387\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u4f4e\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u540c\u6837\u4e00\u7b14\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u6295\u5165\u5230\u4f01\u4e1a\u8425\u8fd0\u540e\u7684\u51c0\u5229\u6da6\u6536\u5165\u81f3\u5c11\u4e0d\u5e94\u4f4e\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u6295\u8d44\u5f62\u5f0f(\u6bd4\u5982\u8d2d\u4e70\u77ed\u671f\u6216\u957f\u671f\u503a\u5238)\u7684\u6536\u5165\u3002?
\u3000\u30002.\u7ecf\u8425\u6bd4\u7387
\u3000\u3000\u7ecf\u8425\u6bd4\u7387\u662f\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u5229\u7528\u6709\u5173\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ecf\u8425\u6548\u7387\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4e\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u8d44\u6e90\u662f\u5426\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u6bd4\u7387\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u3002
\u3000\u3000(1)\u5e93\u5b58\u5468\u8f6c\u7387?
\u3000\u3000\u5e93\u5b58\u5468\u8f6c\u7387\u662f\u9500\u552e\u603b\u989d\u4e0e\u5e93\u5b58\u5e73\u5747\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5b83\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4e0e\u9500\u552e\u6536\u5165\u76f8\u6bd4\u5e93\u5b58\u6570\u91cf\u662f\u5426\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u6295\u5165\u5e93\u5b58\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002
\u3000\u3000(2)\u56fa\u5b9a\u8d44\u4ea7\u5468\u8f6c\u7387?
\u3000\u3000\u56fa\u5b9a\u8d44\u4ea7\u5468\u8f6c\u7387\u662f\u9500\u552e\u603b\u989d\u4e0e\u56fa\u5b9a\u8d44\u4ea7\u4e4b\u6bd4\u3002\u5b83\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5355\u4f4d\u56fa\u5b9a\u8d44\u4ea7\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u9500\u552e\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u4f01\u4e1a\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u5229\u7528\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002
\u3000\u3000(3)\u9500\u552e\u6536\u5165\u4e0e\u9500\u552e\u8d39\u7528\u7684\u6bd4\u7387?
\u3000\u3000\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bd4\u7387\u8868\u660e\u5355\u4f4d\u9500\u552e\u8d39\u7528\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u9500\u552e\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4f01\u4e1a\u8425\u9500\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u9500\u552e\u8d39\u7528\u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u5458\u63a8\u9500\u3001\u5e7f\u544a\u5ba3\u4f20\u3001\u9500\u552e\u7ba1\u7406\u8d39\u7528\u7b49\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd8\u53ef\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u52a0\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6d4b\u5ea6\u5355\u4f4d\u5e7f\u544a\u8d39\u7528\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u9500\u552e\u6536\u5165\u6216\u5355\u4f4d\u63a8\u9500\u8d39\u7528\u80fd\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u9500\u552e\u6536\u5165\u7b49\u7b49\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u53cd\u6620\u7ecf\u8425\u72b6\u51b5\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6bd4\u7387\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u6a2a\u5411\u7684(\u4e0d\u540c\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e4b\u95f4)\u6216\u7eb5\u5411\u7684(\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u4e4b\u95f4)\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u624d\u66f4\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4e09\u3001\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236?
\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u4ea7\u54c1\u6216\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u6548\u679c\u4e0a\u3002\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u6765\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u6548\u679c\u7684\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4f5c\u4e1a\u63a7\u5236\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u76d1\u7763\u751f\u4ea7\u6d3b\u52a8\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6309\u8ba1\u5212\u8fdb\u884c\uff1b\u8bc4\u4ef7\u8d2d\u4e70\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f4e\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u83b7\u5f97\u6240\u9700\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u539f\u6750\u6599\uff1b\u76d1\u7763\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6ee1\u8db3\u9884\u5b9a\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff1b\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u5f97\u5230\u826f\u597d\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u56db\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u63a7\u5236?
\u3000\u3000\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u9700\u8981\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4e0d\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u3001\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u6216\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4f1a\u4e25\u91cd\u963b\u788d\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u8be5\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u7ba1\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u80fd\u5728\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4ee5\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u7ba1\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u51e0\u5e74\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u572815\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u4f9d\u9760\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u90e8\u95e8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u6bcf\u5468\u7684\u603b\u9500\u552e\u989d\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u6309\u5730\u533a\u6c47\u603b\u7684\u9500\u552e\u989d\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5411\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7ecf\u7406\u63d0\u51fa\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u7ecf\u7406\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u4e00\u5468\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u65e9\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\u62ff\u5230\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6253\u5370\u7684\u4e0a\u5468\u7684\u9500\u552e\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u800c\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4ed6\u4eec\u529e\u516c\u684c\u4e0a\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5728\u51e0\u79d2\u949f\u5185\u5c31\u53ef\u5f97\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4e94\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ee9\u6548\u63a7\u5236
\u3000\u3000\u8bb8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u90e8\u95e8\u4e3a\u8861\u91cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u7ee9\u6548\u6216\u6548\u679c\u4f5c\u7740\u4e0d\u61c8\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u5173\u5fc3\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7ee9\u6548\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u8861\u91cf\u5176\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u987e\u5ba2\u548c\u59d4\u6258\u4eba\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u751f\u610f\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6b64\u4f5c\u51fa\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u8bc1\u5238\u5206\u6790\u5bb6\u3001\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u3001\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u8d37\u6b3e\u8005\u548c\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546(\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4ee5\u4fe1\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546)\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4f5c\u51fa\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ef4\u6301\u6216\u6539\u8fdb\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u5e94\u8be5\u5173\u5fc3\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8861\u91cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6548\u679c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u8861\u91cf\u6307\u6807\u3002\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u3001\u6548\u7387\u3001\u5229\u6da6\u3001\u5458\u5de5\u58eb\u6c14\u3001\u4ea7\u91cf\u3001\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u65f7\u5de5\u7387\u7b49\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u90fd\u662f\u8861\u91cf\u6574\u4f53\u7ee9\u6548\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6307\u6807\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u8861\u91cf\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u7ee9\u6548\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7ee9\u6548\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u5217\u4e09\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002
\u3000\u3000\uff081\uff09\u7ec4\u7ec7\u76ee\u6807\u6cd5(Organizational goals approach) \u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6700\u7ec8\u5b8c\u6210\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u5176\u6548\u679c\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u53ea\u8003\u8651\u7ec8\u70b9\u65f6\u51b2\u7ebf\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u8861\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u5ba3\u79f0\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u8fd8\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u76ee\u6807?\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u77ed\u671f\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u8fd8\u662f\u957f\u671f\u7684\u76ee\u6807?\u7531\u4e8e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5177\u6709\u591a\u91cd\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u6807\u5982\u4f55\u6309\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f?\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u6562\u4e8e\u9762\u5bf9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u5185\u5728\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5408\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u3002
\u3000\u3000\uff082\uff09\u7cfb\u7edf\u65b9\u6cd5\u3000
\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53ef\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u6210\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u5373\u83b7\u5f97\u8f93\u5165\u3001\u4ece\u4e8b\u8f6c\u6362\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3001\u4ea7\u751f\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5373\u83b7\u5f97\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u5904\u7406\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u4ea7\u751f\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u7ef4\u6301\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e0e\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u8f93\u51fa\u4ea7\u54c1\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8981\u60f3\u957f\u671f\u751f\u5b58\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6709\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u826f\u597d\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6548\u679c\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u65b9\u6cd5(Systems approach to organizational effectiveness)\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u8003\u8651\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bf9\u751f\u5b58\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5373\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u624b\u6bb5\u3002?
\u3000\u3000\u7cfb\u7edf\u65b9\u6cd5\u6240\u8003\u8651\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6807\u51c6\u5305\u62ec\u5e02\u573a\u4efd\u989d\u3001\u6536\u5165\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3001\u5458\u5de5\u65f7\u5de5\u7387\u3001\u8d44\u91d1\u5468\u8f6c\u7387\u3001\u7528\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u589e\u957f\u60c5\u51b5\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5185\u90e8\u5404\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u51b2\u7a81\u60c5\u51b5\u3001\u96c7\u5458\u7684\u6ee1\u610f\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5185\u90e8\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u901a\u7545\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7b49\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f3a\u8c03\u90a3\u4e9b\u5f71\u54cd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u957f\u671f\u751f\u5b58\u548c\u5174\u65fa\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u5bf9\u77ed\u671f\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u7279\u522b\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u53ef\u4ee5\u524a\u51cf\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u5e76\u4e14\u7acb\u5373\u5c31\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u5229\u6da6\u6216\u51cf\u5c11\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u5c06\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u80fd\u529b\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u7cfb\u7edf\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f18\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u7528\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6210\u529f\u6362\u53d6\u773c\u524d\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u5f53\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u975e\u5e38\u6a21\u7cca\u6216\u96be\u4ee5\u5ea6\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u83b7\u5f97\u9884\u7b97\u7684\u589e\u957f\u80fd\u529b\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8861\u91cf\u6548\u679c\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4eec\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u8f93\u5165\u6807\u51c6\u6765\u53d6\u4ee3\u8f93\u51fa\u6807\u51c6\u3002?
\u3000\u3000\uff083\uff09\u6218\u7565\u4f19\u4f34\u6cd5
\u3000\u3000\u6b64\u6cd5\u662f\u5047\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u80fd\u591f\u6ee1\u8db3\u987e\u5ba2\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f97\u4ee5\u6301\u7eed\u5730\u751f\u5b58\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3a\u6218\u7565\u4f19\u4f34(Strategic consti tuencies approach)\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6218\u7565\u4f19\u4f34\u6cd5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4f01\u4e1a\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u5b9e\u529b\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5173\u5fc3\u94f6\u884c\u5bb6\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u6548\u679c\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u516c\u53f8\u67092\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u8d37\u6b3e\u5c06\u4e8e\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b63\u5ea6\u5230\u671f\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u5c31\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6309\u671f\u5f52\u8fd8\u800c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8bf7\u6c42\u94f6\u884c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u7b14\u503a\u52a1\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u65b0\u5b89\u6392\u3002\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u94f6\u884c\u7528\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6548\u679c\u6307\u6807\u5c31\u503c\u5f97\u91cd\u89c6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u5c06\u4f1a\u5a01\u80c1\u5230\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u591f\u6210\u529f\u5730\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u5173\u952e\u4f19\u4f34\u2014\u2014\u987e\u5ba2\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784\u3001\u8bc1\u5238\u5206\u6790\u5bb6\u3001\u5de5\u4f1a\u7b49\uff0c\u5e76\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u6218\u7565\u4f19\u4f34\u6cd5\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u5047\u5b9a\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6765\u81ea\u6709\u5173\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u7ecf\u5e38\u6027\u7684\u548c\u7ade\u4e89\u6027\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6548\u679c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5b83\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u5173\u952e\u6027\u6216\u6218\u7565\u6027\u4f19\u4f34\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6240\u63d0\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5047\u5b9a\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u6240\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u53cd\u6620\uff0c\u662f\u4ece\u90a3\u4e9b\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u7ec4\u7ec7\u751f\u5b58\u6240\u9700\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u867d\u7136\u6218\u7565\u4f19\u4f34\u6cd5\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u4ed8\u8bf8\u884c\u52a8\u5374\u975e\u6613\u4e8b\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u6218\u7565\u4f19\u4f34\u4ece\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5206\u79bb\u51fa\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u73af\u5883\u603b\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6628\u5929\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6765\u8bf4\u8fd8\u662f\u5f88\u5173\u952e\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u662f\u4e86\u3002\u91c7\u7528\u6218\u7565\u4f19\u4f34\u6cd5\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u51cf\u5c11\u5ffd\u7565\u6216\u4e25\u91cd\u4f24\u5bb3\u90a3\u4e9b\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u5bf9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u8fd0\u8f6c\u6709\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u77e5\u9053\u8c01\u7684\u652f\u6301\u5bf9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6539\u76ee\u6807\u91cd\u8981\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u6218\u7565\u4f19\u4f34\u6743\u529b\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002?
\u3000\u3000\u63a7\u5236\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u533a\u522b
\u3000\u3000\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u6df7\u6dc6\uff0c\u5982\u628a\u8d28\u91cf\u7ba1\u7406\u79f0\u4e3a\u8d28\u91cf\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ba1\u7406\u79f0\u4e3a\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u7684\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u7ba1\u7406\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5185\u6db5\uff0c\u800c\u63a7\u5236\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u7ba1\u7406\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u63a7\u5236\u4e0e\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u5173\u7cfb
\u3000\u30001 \u8ba1\u5212\u8d77\u7740\u6307\u5bfc\u6027\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u5728\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\u9886\u5bfc\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8fbe\u6210\u7ec4\u7ec7\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u800c\u63a7\u5236\u5219\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u4ea7\u51fa\u4e0e\u8ba1\u5212\u4e00\u81f4\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7ba1\u7406\u804c\u80fd\u3002
\u3000\u30002 \u8ba1\u5212\u9884\u5148\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u6240\u671f\u671b\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u63a7\u5236\u5219\u662f\u6309\u8ba1\u5212\u6307\u5bfc\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u3002
\u3000\u30003 \u53ea\u6709\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u83b7\u53d6\u5173\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u6bcf\u6761\u751f\u4ea7\u7ebf\u4ee5\u53ca\u6574\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fc7\u53bb\u548c\u73b0\u5728\u72b6\u51b5\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u624d\u80fd\u5236\u5b9a\u51fa\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\u7684\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u63a7\u5236\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u3002
\u3000\u30004 \u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba1\u5212\u6765\u8868\u660e\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u8ba1\u5212\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u90fd\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u4e92\u76f8\u4f9d\u5b58\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6a21\u578b\u76843\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u5047\u8bbe
\u3000\u3000\u8fd93\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\u5229\u7528\u4f20\u7edf\u63a7\u5236\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u8bbe\u8ba1\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u7ecf\u8425\u6d3b\u52a8\u5f80\u5f80\u80fd\u591f\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002
\u3000\u30001 \u8981\u6709\u754c\u7ebf\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u79cd\u6807\u51c6\u5c31\u80fd\u5bf9\u5b9e\u65bd\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u5ea6\u91cf\u3002
\u3000\u30002 \u80fd\u591f\u627e\u5230\u67d0\u79cd\u5ea6\u91cf\u5355\u4f4d\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5b9e\u9645\u6d4b\u91cf\u6240\u8fbe\u6210\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002
\u3000\u30003 \u5f53\u6807\u51c6\u540c\u5b9e\u9645\u5b9e\u65bd\u60c5\u51b5\u6bd4\u8f83\u65f6\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5dee\u5f02\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u4f5c\u4e3a\u66f4\u6b63\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u6839\u636e\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u4f20\u7edf\u63a7\u5236\u6a21\u578b
\u3000\u3000\u63a7\u5236\u6a21\u578b1 \u9650\u5b9a\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8303\u56f4
\u3000\u3000\u4e00\u9879\u6b63\u89c4\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u804c\u5de5\u3001\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u90e8\u95e8\u6216\u8005\u6574\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u63a7\u5236\u672c\u8eab\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u6295\u5165\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6216\u8005\u4ea7\u51fa\u3002
\u3000\u30002 \u8bc6\u522b\u6240\u8981\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u7279\u6027
\u3000\u3000\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u8bc6\u522b\u6240\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u6b63\u5f0f\u63a7\u5236\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8f83\u65e9\u5730\u786e\u5b9a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a
\u3000\u3000\uff081\uff09\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u7279\u6027\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f
\u3000\u3000\uff082\uff09\u83b7\u5f97\u4e0e\u671f\u671b\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6210\u672c \u5982\u4f55\uff1f
\u3000\u3000\uff083\uff09\u662f\u5426\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u90fd\u5f71\u54cd\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fbe\u6210\u76ee\u6807\uff1f
\u3000\u30003 \u5efa\u7acb\u6807\u51c6
\u3000\u3000\u6807\u51c6\u662f\u8861\u91cf\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ee9\u6548\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u548c\u51c6\u7ef3\uff0c\u6807\u51c6\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u6709\u6210\u672c\u3001\u5229\u6da6\u3001\u5de5\u65f6\u3001\u5355\u4f4d\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u6750\u6599\u6d88\u8017\u5b9a\u989d\u7b49\u3002
\u3000\u30004 \u6536\u96c6\u6570\u636e
\u3000\u3000\u83b7\u5f97\u6570\u636e\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u83b7\u5f97\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9884\u5b9a\u7279\u6027\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u60c5\u51b5\u3002
\u3000\u30005 \u8861\u91cf\u7ee9\u6548
\u3000\u3000\u627e\u51fa\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u4f5c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0e\u6807\u51c6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u5b9e\u9645\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4f18\u52a3\u3002
\u3000\u30006 \u8bca\u65ad\u4e0e\u66f4\u6b63
\u3000\u3000\u5305\u62ec\u4f30\u4ef7\u504f\u5dee\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u6570\u91cf\u5e76\u5bfb\u627e\u4ea7\u751f\u504f\u5dee\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u504f\u5dee\u8f83\u5927\u53c8\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u65f6\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\u3002
1、管理事宜管理者为主体进行的活动
2、管理活动是在特定环境下进行的
3、管理采用的基本措施是计划、组织、领导和控制这四项基本活动
4、管理是为实现组织目标服务的
5、管理需要有效地协调和配置组织资源
6、管理是一个过程。
管理就是管理者在特定的环境下，通过计划、组织、领导和控制等环节来协调组织所拥有的资源，以期更好地达到组织目标的过程。
管理的四种职能是计划、组织、领导和控制。
管理的过程包括6个环节：管理规则的确定（组织运行规则，如章程及制度等）、管理资源的配置（人员配置及职责划分与确定、设备及工具、空间等资源配置与分配）、目标的设立与分解（如：计划）、组织与实施、过程控制（检查、监督与协调）、效果评价、总结与处理（奖惩）。
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