英语阅读理解技巧主旨
英语阅读理解技巧主旨
主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。下面我给大家整理有关英语阅读理解主旨大意题的解题技巧，欢迎大家阅读学习!
【主旨大意题解题技巧】
主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。
常见的设题方式有:
1 标题类常见的标题型题干
1)The best title/ headline for this passage might be_____________.
2)The text (passage) could be entitled ______________.
3)What is the best title for the passage?
4)Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage?
2 大意类常见的主题型题干
5) This passage chiefly deals with____________.
6) What‘s the topic of the article?
7) What is the subject discussed in the text?
8) With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned?
3 目的主旨大意题
The author‘s main purpose in writing the passage is______. The passage is meant to _____ The purpose of this article is _______
这类题通常围绕一个中心思想展开。不少文章一开头便展示出文章的中心思想。第一段常常是内容的梗概，同时又表达了中心思想，但是不少文章的中心思想贯穿全文，并没有用一句话明确表达出来。这就要求学生学会归纳概括。每个段落往往也由一个主题句或几个陈述句构成，它们在句中的位置不同，有时在开头,首先点明本段大意; 有时在结尾, 总结本段大意。
做这类题，首先要找出文章的主题句。找出文章的主题句，也就明确了文章要讲什么，再通过速读全文，就可以把握文章的中心思想了。另外在许多文段中，没有可以概括全段意义的主题句，必须根据文章中所提供的事实细节，进行全面分析，然后归纳成一般概念。但必须注意，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。
A.主题句呈现的形式
1?文首开门见山, 提出主题, 随之用细节来解释, 支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想. 最常见的演绎法写作方式. 例1.The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops.
例2.Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on earth will not survive.
2).文尾?在表述细节后, 归纳要点, 印象, 结论建议或结果, 以概括主题. 这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式
3).文中通常前面只提出问题， 文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, 而后又作进一步的解释, 支撑或发展.
例4.Nothing is as useful as a flashlight in a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand a camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.
4).首尾呼应?为突出主题, 作者先提出主题, 结尾时再次点出主题, 这种首尾呼应的'写作方式较为多见. 但前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复, 后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。
例5.?首段?Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes, “ It was seeing people with snakes bites that led me to the career.“she said„
?尾段?“The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes.‖Shu said.
5).无主题句?即主题句隐含在全文中, 没有明确的主题句. 必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节?进行全面考虑?综合分析?然后找出共同的东西?归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是?既不能以偏概全?也不能在概括时过于宽泛?要恰如其分。
例6.Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.
Q: What is the main idea of the passage? ????
A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer. B. Bingham is a diligent student.
C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education. D. A good lawyer needs good education.
[分析]此文没有主题句。全篇共四句?只陈述了四个细节(detail)性的事实。因此就答案本身看?个个都对。读者只能将所有的details综合起来?进行逻辑推理?才能构成一个没有言明的主题思想(unstated main idea)。由于文中主要涉及了Joshua Bingham接受教育的情况?即作者想告诉我们的是?Joshua Bingham接受过良好的教育?所以答案是 ?
除了以上主题句呈现的常见形式外还要注意标志词 文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性的提示后。如?on the whole, as a result, in short, therefore, thus„..I agree with the opinion that„.;Given all these points above, I would support the idea that„.; For all the reasons mentioned above, I would prefer„.
;绛旓細(2)娈佃惤涓绘棬锛氶拡瀵规煇涓娈垫垨鍑犳鐨勪富棰樻彁闂銆備富棰樺彞鍙兘鏄钀界殑棣栧彞銆佹湯鍙ワ紝涔熷彲鑳戒笉鍦ㄦ(鍑)鍙ワ紝闇瑕佷粠涓婁笅鏂囦腑瀵绘壘鎴栨荤粨銆2.浠庤冩煡鐨勫唴瀹逛笂鍒掑垎锛岃繕鍙垎涓轰富棰樼被(鍐呭)(鑰冩煡鏂囩珷鎴栨钀界殑涓绘棬澶ф剰)銆佺洰鐨勭被(鑰冩煡鏂囩珷鎴栨钀界殑鍐欎綔鐩殑)鍜屾爣棰樼被(瑕佹眰鑰冪敓閫夊嚭鏂囩珷鐨勬渶浣虫爣棰)涓夌銆備富鏃ㄥぇ鎰忛缁忓父...
绛旓細闃呰鐞嗚В鐨勬妧宸э細閫氳鍏ㄦ枃锛屾帉鎻″ぇ鎰忊斺旂粏瀹￠鎰忥紝鑾峰彇淇℃伅鈥斺斿垎灞傛帹鐞嗭紝姝ｇ‘绛旈锛涘浜庢帹鐞嗛锛氣滄渶杩戝師鍒欌濇硶锛涓绘棬棰橈細鈥滀覆绾挎憳甯解濇硶銆傞槄璇荤悊瑙ｇ殑鎶宸1.閫氳鍏ㄦ枃锛屾帉鎻″ぇ鎰 鍋氶槄璇荤悊瑙ｉ涓瀹氳瀛︿細閫氳繃锛屼粠鏁翠綋涓婄悊瑙ｇ煭鏂囩殑澶ф剰鍙婁腑蹇冩濇兂锛岄浼氬嚭棰樹汉鐨勬剰鍥俱傚垏蹇屼汉涓哄湴灏嗙煭鏂囨悶寰楁敮绂荤牬纰庯紝閫愯瘝閫...
绛旓細8) With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned?3 鐩殑涓绘棬澶ф剰棰 The author‘s main purpose in writing the passage is___. The passage is meant to ___ The purpose of this article is ___杩欑被棰橀氬父鍥寸粫涓涓腑蹇冩濇兂灞曞紑銆備笉灏戞枃绔犱竴寮澶翠究灞曠ず鍑烘枃绔犵殑涓績鎬濇兂銆傜涓娈靛父...
绛旓細鍦ㄧ悊瑙ｈ嫳璇槄璇荤悊瑙ｅ叏鏂囧ぇ鎰忎箣鍚庯紝鎺ヤ笅鏉ュ氨鏄粩缁嗗棰樹簡銆涓瀹氳璁ょ湡闃呰棰樼洰涓殑姣忎竴涓粏鑺傦紝骞剁‘瀹氭瘡涓棶棰樼殑閲嶇偣鍜岃姹銆傛牴鎹鐩殑瑕佹眰锛屽湪鏂囩珷涓壘鍒扮浉鍏崇殑娈佃惤鍜屽彞瀛愶紝骞朵粩缁嗙爺璇伙紝纭畾姝ｇ‘绛旀銆傚湪瀹￠鏃朵竴瀹氳娉ㄦ剰棰樼洰闂殑鏄粏鑺傝繕鏄富鏃ㄥぇ鎰忥紝缁嗚妭棰樿鎵惧埌瀵瑰簲鐨勫師鏂囷紝鑰屼富鏃ㄥぇ鎰忛鍒欓渶瑕佷粠鏁翠綋涓婄悊...
绛旓細鑻辫闃呰鐞嗚В瑙ｉ鎶宸1銆佺粏鑺傞鍨嬶細鎶撲綇鎻愰棶涓殑鍏抽敭瀛楃溂锛屼粩缁嗛槄璇荤浉鍏崇粏鑺傜殑鏉愭枡鍐呭锛屼竴鑸彲浠ュ湪鐭枃涓洿鎺ユ壘鍒版垨绋嶅姞褰掔撼灏卞彲浠ユ壘鍒版纭瓟妗堛2銆佷富鏃ㄥぇ鎰忛鍨嬶細浠旂粏鐮旇鐭枃鐨勫墠涓ゅ彞锛屼竴鑸槸鐭枃鐨勪富棰樺彞锛屾垨杈呬互闃呰鍚勬娈佃惤涓績鍙ャ傛鏂规硶澶氶傜敤浜庤鏄庢枃銆佽璁烘枃銆3銆佹帹鐞嗗垽鏂鍨嬶細鎺ㄦ柇棰樻槸鑰冩煡瀛︾敓...
绛旓細瀵艰锛氶珮鑰冨涔犵殑閲嶇偣涓鏄鎺屾彙鎵鏈夌殑鐭ヨ瘑鐐癸紝浜屽氨鏄澶ч噺鐨勫仛棰橈紝浠ヤ笅鏄垜涓哄ぇ瀹剁簿蹇冩暣鐞嗙殑楂樿鑻辫闃呰鐞嗚В涓绘棬澶ф剰棰樿В棰鎶宸锛屾杩庡ぇ瀹跺弬鑰冿紒闃呰鐞嗚В涔嬩富鏃ㄥぇ鎰忛 鎴戜滑闃呰涓绡囨枃绔狅紝 棣栧厛鏄浜嗚В鍏跺ぇ鎰忥紝 鏄庣‘鍏朵富鏃ㄣ傚洜姝わ紝 涓绘棬澶ф剰棰樻槸甯歌冮銆備富鏃ㄥぇ鎰忛鍖呮嫭锛氫富瑕佸唴瀹(main idea, mainly ...
绛旓細鑻辫闃呰鍦ㄨ瘯鍗蜂腑鍒嗗间笉灏戯紝浣嗕篃璁╀笉灏戜汉澶寸柤銆傛牴鎹互寰澶囪冪粡楠岋紝鏁寸悊浜嗕互涓嬩節澶鎶宸锛氫竴銆佹壘涓绘棬娈点佷富鏃ㄥ彞 涓鑸枃绔犵殑棣栨鎴栭鍙ュ線寰鏄枃绔犵殑涓绘棬锛屽厛蹇熼槄璇伙紝棰嗕細鏂囩珷涓绘棬锛屽杩欑瘒鎵杩颁箣浜嬫湁鎵浜嗚В銆備簩銆佸揩閫熸祻瑙堥骞 娴忚棰樺共锛屾悶娓呴骞茶姹傦紝甯︾湅闂鍘绘枃涓壘绛旀銆傚線寰绛旀鐨勫垎甯冧笌棰樺彿鐨...
绛旓細鑻辫闃呰瑙ｉ鎶宸濡備笅锛1銆涓绘棬棰瑕佹眰鑰冪敓璺ㄨ秺鏂囧瓧鏈韩锛屼粠鏁翠綋涓婃妸鎻℃枃绔犵殑缁撴瀯褰㈠紡鍜屼綔鑰呯殑鎺ㄧ悊杩囩▼銆闃呰鐞嗚В鏂囩珷澶氭槸璁鏂囧拰璇存槑鏂囷紝杩欏氨瑕佹眰鑰冪敓蹇呴』鐔熸倝杩欎袱绉嶆枃浣撶殑缁撴瀯鐗圭偣銆傝繖涓ょ鏂囦綋鐨勭粨鏋勭壒鐐瑰彲褰掔撼涓猴細鎻愬嚭闂鈥旇杩伴棶棰樷斿緱鍑虹粨璁烘垨鑰呴槓鏄庤鐐广傛帉鎻¤繖涓缁撴瀯锛屽氨鍙互杩呴熸帉鎻℃枃绔犵殑涓婚锛屾妸鎻℃枃绔...
绛旓細鑻辫闃呰鐞嗚В鐨勫叓澶鎶宸鍜屾柟娉曪細1銆佺壒瀹氱殑闃呰鏃舵锛氬鏋滃彧鏄湅涔︽秷閬ｇ殑璇濓紝閭ｄ箞鏃堕棿鍜屽湴鐐归兘鏃犳墍璋擄紝鏃犺鏄湪鍦伴搧銆佸挅鍟￠鎴栬呰嚜宸辩殑鍗у閲岋紝闅忔椂闅忓湴閮藉彲浠ヤ韩鍙楄涔︾殑涔愯叮銆備絾濡傛灉鎯宠浣犵殑鑻辫闃呰鐞嗚В寰楀埌鏀瑰杽锛屽氨闇瑕佷繚鎸佷笓娉紝璁ょ湡闃呰銆傝繖鎰忓懗鐫浣犻渶瑕佸畨鎺掍竴涓壒瀹氱殑闃呰鏃舵銆傚湪杩欐鏃堕棿閲岋紝浣犺灏...
绛旓細楂樹腑鑻辫闃呰鐞嗚В鐨鎶宸鍜屾柟娉曞涓嬶細1銆佹姄涓婚锛氶槄璇荤悊瑙ｇ殑绗竴姝ユ槸鎶撲綇鏂囩珷鐨勪富棰樸備富棰橀氬父鍑虹幇鍦ㄦ枃绔犵殑寮澶存垨缁撳熬锛屽彲浠ラ氳繃鐣ヨ鎴栧璇荤殑鏂规硶蹇熸壘鍒般傜悊瑙ｄ富棰樻湁鍔╀簬鏇村ソ鍦扮悊瑙ｆ枃绔犲唴瀹广2銆佹彁楂橀槄璇婚熷害锛氬湪鑰冭瘯涓紝闃呰閫熷害闈炲父閲嶈銆傞氳繃鎻愰珮闃呰閫熷害锛屽彲浠ュ湪鏈夐檺鐨勬椂闂村唴闃呰鏇村鐨勫唴瀹癸紝浠庤屾彁楂...
