摩尔计算公式 摩尔计算公式怎么算？
\u6469\u5c14\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u7528\uff1f\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\uff08m\uff09\u3001\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\uff08n\uff09\u4e0e\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6469\u5c14\u8d28\u91cf\uff08M\uff09\u76f8\u4e92\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a
n=m/M\uff0cm=n\u00d7M,M=m/n
\u901a\u5f0f\uff1an\uff08\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\uff09=N\uff08\u7c92\u5b50\u4e2a\u6570\uff09/NA\uff08\u963f\u4f0f\u52a0\u5fb7\u7f57\u5e38\u6570\uff09=m\uff08\u8d28\u91cf\uff09/M\uff08\u6469\u5c14\u8d28\u91cf\uff09=V\uff08\u6c14\u4f53\u4f53\u79ef\uff09/Vm\uff08\u6469\u5c14\u4f53\u79ef\uff1a\u6c14\u4f53\u5728STP\uff08\u6807\u51c6\u72b6\u51b5\uff1a273K\uff080\u2103\uff09 101KPa\uff09\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b1mol\u6c14\u4f53\u4f53\u79ef\u4e3a22.4L\uff09=C\uff08\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u6d53\u5ea6\uff09\u00d7 V\uff08\u6eb6\u6db2\u603b\u4f53\u79ef\uff09
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a2H₂+O₂=(\u70b9\u71c3)=2H₂O
\u7cfb\u6570\u4e4b\u6bd42\u22361\u22362
\u5fae\u7c92\u6570\u4e4b\u6bd42\u22361\u22362
\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\u4e4b\u6bd42\u22361\u22362
\u8d28\u91cf\u4e4b\u6bd44\u223632\u223636
\u6269\u5c55\u8d44\u6599
\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0a\u628a\u542b\u67096.02\u00d710²³\u4e2a\u5fae\u7c92\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u4f53\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u6469\u5c14\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u8868\u793a\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u91cf\uff08\u7b26\u53f7\u662fn\uff09\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u4e3a\u6469\uff0c\u5355\u4f4d\u7b26\u53f7\u662fmol\u3002
1mol\u7684\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u542b6.02\u00d710²³\u4e2a\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3a12\u514b\u3002
1mol\u7684\u786b\u539f\u5b50\u542b6.02\u00d710²³\u4e2a\u786b\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3a32\u514b\u3002
\u540c\u7406\uff0c1\u6469\u4efb\u4f55\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u514b\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u6570\u503c\u4e0a\u7b49\u4e8e\u8be5\u79cd\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u6216\u76f8\u5bf9\u5206\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\uff08\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u503c\uff09\u3002
\u6c34\u7684\u5f0f\u91cf\uff08\u76f8\u5bf9\u5206\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\uff09\u662f18\uff0c1mol\u6c34\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3a18g\uff0c\u542b6.02\u00d710²³\u4e2a\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u3002
\u901a\u5e38\u628a1mol\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u8be5\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6469\u5c14\u8d28\u91cf\uff08\u7b26\u53f7\u662fM\uff09\uff0c\u6469\u5c14\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u514b/\u6469\uff0c\u8bfb\u4f5c\u201c\u514b\u6bcf\u6469\u201d\uff08\u7b26\u53f7\u662f\u201cg/mol\u201d\uff09\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6c34\u7684\u6469\u5c14\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3a18g/mol\uff0c\u5199\u6210M\uff08H₂O\uff09=18g/mol\u3002
\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599\u767e\u5ea6\u767e\u79d1-\u6469\u5c14
\u6469\u5c14\u8d28\u91cf\u53ca\u6469\u5c14\u8d28\u91cf\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\u4ecb\u7ecd
摩尔，简称摩，旧称克分子、克原子，符号为mol，是物质的量的单位，是国际单位制7个基本单位之一。每1摩尔任何物质（微观物质，如分子、原子等）含有阿伏加德罗常量（约6.02×1023）个微粒。
绛旓細鎽╁皵璁＄畻锛坅mountofsubstanceconcentration锛夊叕寮忥細M锛坢ol/L锛夛紳N锛坢ol锛/V锛圠锛夊紡涓锛孋(B)浠ｈ〃婧惰川鐨勭墿璐ㄧ殑閲忔祿搴︼紝n浠ｈ〃婧惰川鐨勭墿璐ㄧ殑閲忥紝V浠ｈ〃婧舵恫鐨勪綋绉紝濡傛灉娌℃湁鍋氱壒鍒鏄庣殑璇濓紝閭ｄ箞璁や负锛氭憾鍓備负姘淬傜墿璐ㄧ殑閲忕殑SI鍗曚綅涓簃ol路m锛屽父鐢ㄥ崟浣嶄负mol路dm鎴杕ol路L銆
绛旓細鎽╁皵鍏紡涓篗=m/n锛屽叾涓璑浠ｈ〃绮掑瓙鏁扮洰锛孧浠ｈ〃鎽╁皵璐ㄩ噺銆傚崟浣嶇墿璐ㄧ殑閲忕殑鐗╄川鎵鍏锋湁鐨勮川閲忕О鎽╁皵璐ㄩ噺锛岀敤绗﹀彿M琛ㄧず銆傚綋鐗╄川鐨勯噺浠ol涓哄崟浣嶆椂锛屾懇灏旇川閲忕殑鍗曚綅涓篻/mol锛屽湪鏁颁笂绛変簬璇ョ墿璐ㄧ殑鍘熷瓙璐ㄩ噺鎴栧垎瀛愯川閲忋傚浜庢煇涓鍖栧悎鐗╂潵璇达紝瀹冪殑鎽╁皵璐ㄩ噺鏄浐瀹氫笉鍙樼殑銆傝岀墿璐ㄧ殑璐ㄩ噺鍒欓殢鐫鐗╄川鐨勯噺涓嶅悓鑰屽彂鐢熷彉鍖...
绛旓細锛1锛塶=m/M锛宯鏄墿璐ㄧ殑閲忥紙mol锛夛紝m鏄川閲忥紙g锛夛紝M鏄懇灏旇川閲忥紙g/mol锛銆傦紙2锛塶=N/NA锛孨鏄井绮掓暟锛孨A鏄樋闄勫姞寰风綏甯告暟銆傦紙3锛塶=V/Vm锛孷鏄皵浣撶殑浣撶Н锛圠锛夛紝Vm鏄竴瀹氭潯浠朵笅鐨勬皵浣撴懇灏斾綋绉紙L/mol锛夛紝鍦ㄦ爣鍑嗙姸鍐典笅锛孷m=22.4L/mol銆傦紙4锛塶=cV锛宑鏄憾娑蹭腑婧惰川鐨勭墿璐ㄧ殑閲忔祿搴︼紙mol/L...
绛旓細鎽╁皵璁＄畻鍏紡鏈塶=m/M锛宯=V/Vm锛宯=N/NA锛宯=cV锛宲V=nRT锛屽悓鏉ユ俯鍚屽帇涓嬶紝姘斾綋鐨勪綋绉瘮绛変簬鐗╄川鐨勯噺姣旓紝鍚屾俯鍚屼綋绉笅锛屾皵浣撶殑鍘嬪己姣旂瓑浜庣墿璐ㄧ殑閲忔瘮銆傛懇灏旓紝绠绉版懇锛屾棫绉板厠鍒嗗瓙銆佸厠鍘熷瓙锛岀鍙蜂负mol锛屾槸鐗╄川鐨勯噺鐨勫崟浣嶏紝鏄浗闄呭崟浣嶅埗7涓熀鏈崟浣嶄箣涓銆傛瘡1鎽╁皵浠讳綍鐗╄川锛堝井瑙傜墿璐紝濡傚垎瀛愩佸師瀛愮瓑...
绛旓細閫氬紡锛n锛堢墿璐ㄧ殑閲忥級=N锛堢矑瀛愪釜鏁帮級/NA锛堥樋浼忓姞寰风綏甯告暟锛=m锛堣川閲忥級/M锛堟懇灏旇川閲忥級=V锛堟皵浣撲綋绉級/Vm锛堟懇灏斾綋绉細姘斾綋鍦ㄦ爣鍑嗙姸鍐273K銆101KPa鏉′欢涓嬶紝1mol姘斾綋浣撶Н涓22.4L锛=C锛堢墿璐ㄧ殑閲忔祿搴︼級脳V锛堟憾娑叉讳綋绉級銆傛懇灏斿寲瀛︽柟绋嬪紡 鍖栧鏂圭▼寮忓彲浠ヨ〃绀哄弽搴旂墿鍜岀敓鎴愮墿涔嬮棿鐨勭墿璐ㄧ殑閲忎箣姣斿拰璐ㄩ噺...
绛旓細閫氬紡锛n锛堢墿璐ㄧ殑閲忥級=N锛堢矑瀛愪釜鏁帮級/NA锛堥樋浼忓姞寰风綏甯告暟锛=m锛堣川閲忥級/M锛堟懇灏旇川閲忥級=V锛堟皵浣撲綋绉級/Vm锛堟懇灏斾綋绉細姘斾綋鍦⊿TP锛堟爣鍑嗙姸鍐碉細273K锛0鈩冿級 101KPa锛夋潯浠朵笅1mol姘斾綋浣撶Н涓22.4L锛=C锛堢墿璐ㄧ殑閲忔祿搴︼級脳 V锛堟憾娑叉讳綋绉級渚嬪锛2H₂+O₂=(鐐圭噧)=2H₂O 绯绘暟涔嬫瘮...
绛旓細n=N/N(A)姹傚緱鏄墿璐ㄧ殑閲忋俷琛ㄧず鐗╄川鐨勯噺锛屽崟浣嶆槸鎽╁皵锛坢ol锛夈侼琛ㄧず寰矑涓暟锛屾病鏈夊崟浣嶃侼锛圓锛夋槸甯搁噺闃夸紡鍔犲痉缃楀父鏁帮紝璁＄畻鏃跺彇6.02*10^23,鍗曚綅鏄痬ol^-1銆傛懇灏旂殑鐗圭偣锛氣憼璁￠噺鐨勫璞℃槸寰鍩烘湰鍗曞厓锛屽鍒嗗瓙銆佺瀛愮瓑锛岃屼笉鑳界敤浜庤閲忓畯瑙傜墿璐ㄣ傘鈶′互闃夸紡鍔犲痉缃楁暟涓鸿閲忓崟浣嶏紝鏄釜鎵归噺锛屼笉鏄互...
绛旓細鎽╁皵鍏紡鏄墿璐ㄧ殑閲忔祿搴璁＄畻鍏紡銆傚叕寮忓唴瀹逛负锛氭憾璐ㄧ殑鐗╄川鐨勯噺=婧惰川鐨勭墿璐ㄧ殑閲忔祿搴婧舵恫鐨勪綋绉痭=c路v銆傛懇灏旇川閲忔槸鐗╄川鐨勮川閲忛櫎浠ョ墿璐ㄧ殑閲忥紝鍗曚綅鏄厠姣忔懇灏旓紝鎽╁皵浣撶Н鏄墿璐ㄧ殑浣撶Н闄や互鐗╄川鐨勯噺锛屽崟浣嶆槸绔嬫柟绫虫瘡鎽╁皵銆傝繃鍘诲父鐢ㄧ殑鍏嬪師瀛愰噺銆佸厠鍒嗗瓙閲忋佸厠鍒嗗瓙浣撶Н搴斿簾闄ゃ傛懇灏旇川閲忋佹懇灏斾綋绉槸鐗╄川鐨勯噺鐨勫鍑...
绛旓細锛1锛n=m/M,n鏄墿璐ㄧ殑閲忥紙mol锛,m鏄川閲忥紙g锛,M鏄懇灏旇川閲忥紙g/mol锛夛紙2锛塶=N/NA,N鏄井绮掓暟,NA鏄樋闄勫姞寰风綏甯告暟 锛3锛塶=V/Vm,V鏄皵浣撶殑浣撶Н锛圠锛,Vm鏄竴瀹氭潯浠朵笅鐨勬皵浣撴懇灏斾綋绉紙L/mol锛,鍦ㄦ爣鍑嗙姸鍐典笅,Vm=22.4L/mol 锛4锛塶=cV,c鏄憾娑蹭腑婧惰川鐨勭墿璐ㄧ殑閲忔祿搴︼紙mol/L锛,V鏄憾娑...
绛旓細1銆佽鏄庣‘鍩烘湰鐨勫畾涔夌殑璁＄畻寮 锛1锛塶=m/m锛宯鏄墿璐ㄧ殑閲忥紙mol锛夛紝m鏄川閲忥紙g锛夛紝m鏄鎽╁皵璐ㄩ噺锛坓/mol锛夛紙2锛塶=n/na锛宯鏄井绮掓暟锛宯a鏄樋闄勫姞寰风綏甯告暟 锛3锛塶=v/vm锛寁鏄皵浣撶殑浣撶Н锛坙锛夛紝vm鏄竴瀹氭潯浠朵笅鐨勬皵浣撴懇灏斾綋绉紙l/mol锛夛紝鍦ㄦ爣鍑嗙姸鍐典笅锛寁m=22.4l/mol 锛4锛塶=cv锛宑鏄憾娑蹭腑...
