诲学说原文及翻译 诲学说文言文翻译
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诲学说原文及翻译
玉不琢①，不成器；人不学，不知道②。然玉之为物，有不变之常德③，虽不琢以为器，而犹不害④为玉也。人之性，因物则迁⑤。不学，则舍⑥君子而为小人，可不念⑦哉？
注释
琢：雕刻。知道：懂得道理。常德：指固有的特性。害：妨碍，影响。迁：变化。舍：放弃。念：思考。
译文
如果玉不雕琢，就不能制成器物；如果人不学习，就不会懂得道理。然而玉这种东西，有它永恒不变的特性，即使不雕琢制作成器物，但是不会妨碍它是玉。
人的本性，受到外界事物的影响就会发生变化。因此，人如果不学习，就要失去君子的高尚品德，从而变成品行恶劣的小人，难道不值得深思吗？
文化常识
欧阳修四岁时父亲就去世了，家境贫寒，没有钱供他读书。他的母亲就用芦苇秆在沙地上写画，教给他写字。
（成语“画荻（dí）教子”即源于此）还教给他诵读许多古人的篇章。到他年龄大些了，家里没有书可读，便就近到读书人家去借书来读。欧阳修就这样夜以继日、废寝忘食地致力于读书。
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绛旓細璇插璇寸殑璇戞枃涓猴細濡傛灉鐜変笉鐞㈢（锛屽氨涓嶈兘鍒舵垚鍣ㄧ墿锛涘鏋滀汉涓嶅涔狅紝涔熷氨涓嶄細鎳傚緱閬撶悊銆傜劧鑰岀帀杩欑涓滆タ锛屾湁瀹冩案鎭掍笉鍙樼殑鐗规э紝鍗充娇涓嶇悽纾ㄥ埗浣滄垚鍣ㄧ墿锛屼絾涔熻繕鏄帀锛屽畠鐨勭壒鎬т笉浼氬彈鍒版崯浼ゃ備汉鐨勬湰鎬э紝鍙楀埌澶栫晫浜嬬墿鐨勫奖鍝嶅氨浼氬彂鐢熷彉鍖栥傚洜姝わ紝浜轰滑濡傛灉涓嶅涔狅紝灏辫澶卞幓鍚涘瓙鐨勯珮灏氬搧寰蜂粠鑰屽彉鎴愬搧琛屾伓鍔ｇ殑灏忎汉锛...
绛旓細銆鍘熸枃銆戠帀涓嶇悽锛屼笉鎴愬櫒銆備汉涓嶅锛屼笉鐭ラ亾銆傛槸鏁呭彜涔嬬帇鑰咃紝寤哄浗鍚涙皯(2)锛屾暀瀛︿负鍏堛傘婂厬鍛姐嬫洶(3)锛氣滃康缁堝鍏镐簬瀛(4)銆傗濆叾姝や箣璋撲箮锛併愭敞閲娿戔憼鏈妭閫夎嚜銆婂绀笺嬨傗憽鍚涳細杩欓噷鐨勬剰鎬濇槸缁熸不銆(3)鍏(yue)鍛斤細銆婂彜鏂囧皻涔︺嬩腑鐨勭瘒鍚嶏紝涔熶綔銆婅鍛姐嬨傗懀蹇电粓锛氬缁堟兂鐫銆傘璇戞枃銆戠帀鐭充笉缁忚繃...
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