举例说明最基本的拓扑空间关系有哪些？他们对于GIS的数据处理和空间分析具有什么重要意义 拓扑关系在GIS中的作用
\u7b80\u8ff0\u7a7a\u95f4\u6570\u636e\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u5173\u7cfb\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9GIS\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u6790\u6709\u4f55\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49?\u7a7a\u95f4\u6570\u636e\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c
\u5bf9\u4e8e
GIS
\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u6790\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c
\u56e0\u4e3a\uff1a
1)
\u62d3\u6251\u5173\u7cfb\u80fd\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c
\u5b83\u6bd4\u51e0\u4f55\u5173\u7cfb\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u5927
\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u968f\u5730\u56fe\u6295\u5f71\u800c\u53d8\u5316\u3002
2)
\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7a7a\u95f4\u8981\u7d20\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c
\u5229\u7528\u62d3\u6251\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u8bb8\u591a\u5b9e\u9645\u95ee\u9898\u3002
\u5982\u67d0\u53bf\u7684
\u90bb\u63a5\u53bf\uff0c
--
\u9762\u9762\u76f8\u90bb\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u53c8\u5982\u4f9b\u6c34\u7ba1\u7f51\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u67d0\u6bb5\u6c34\u7ba1\u7834\u88c2\u627e\u5173\u95ed\u5b83\u7684\u9600\u95e8\uff0c
\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u67e5\u8be2\u8be5\u7ebf
(\u7ba1\u9053)
\u4e0e\u54ea\u4e9b\u70b9(\u9600\u95e8\u5173\u8054\u3002
3)
\u6839\u636e\u62d3\u6251\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u91cd\u5efa\u5730\u7406\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u6839\u636e\u5f27\u6bb5\u6784\u5efa\u591a\u8fb9\u5f62\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u9762\u57df\u7684\u9009\u53d6\uff1b
\u6839\u636e\u5f27\u6bb5\u4e0e\u7ed3\u70b9\u7684\u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb\u91cd\u5efa\u9053\u8def\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6700\u4f73\u8def\u5f84\u9009\u62e9\u7b49
\u6d45\u6790\u62d3\u6251\u5173\u7cfb\u63a8\u7406\u5728GIS\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528
\u6458\u8981\uff1a\u62d3\u6251\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u5728\u8bed\u4e49\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7a7a\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u62d3\u6251\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u7c7b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u533a\u57df\u8fde\u63a5\u7684 RCC\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u57fa\u4e8e\u70b9\u96c6\u7684\u201cn-\u4ea4\u96c6\u201d\u6a21\u578b\u3002GIS\u7a7a\u95f4\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u5b58\u8d2e\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u4fe1\u606f\u5e76\u7ed3\u5408\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ea6\u675f\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u672a\u77e5\u7a7a\u95f4\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u62d3\u6251\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u662fGIS\u7a7a\u95f4\u63a8\u7406\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cdGIS\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u7ed3\u5408\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed3\u5408\u65f6\u7a7a\u3001\u6a21\u7cca\u3001\u5c42\u6b21\u7b49\u62d3\u6251\u5173\u7cfb\u6765\u8fdb\u884cGIS\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u4f7f\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u65b9\u5f0f\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u62d3\u6251\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u8d70\u5411\u7f51\u7edc\u5316\u548c\u5927\u4f17\u5316\uff0c\u662f\u7a7a\u95f4\u62d3\u6251\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002
Abstracts: Topology is one of the most important spatial relationships in the semantic level. There are two basic approaches in topological reasoning: region-based methods of RCC and "n-intersection" model based on points. One of the key problems in GIS spatial reasoning is how to use the basic data in the database with relevant space constraints information so as to obtain the required spatial information. What\u2019s more, the topological reasoning is the foundation of GIS spatial reasoning, querying and analysis which has a direct impact on the development and application of GIS. It is useful to combine spatial reasoning with time and space, fuzzy, hierarchical topology for GIS and other spatial reasoning methods in a human cognitive pattern making the model easily to be understood in the expression of the topology information and cognitive styles. It is a trend moving Topological reasoning towards networking and popularity.
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\u5b57\u5178 - \u67e5\u770b\u5b57\u5178\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9
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1. \u7a7a\u95f4\u62d3\u6251\u5173\u7cfb\u63cf\u8ff0\u6a21\u578b
\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5 (\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5b9a\u6027\u7a7a\u95f4\u63a8\u7406)\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u5206\u6790\u62d3\u6251\u7a7a\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u4e3a\u62d3\u6251\u63a8\u7406\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u62d3\u6251\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u7c7b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u533a\u57df\u8fde\u63a5\u7684 RCC\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u57fa\u4e8e\u70b9\u96c6\u7684\u201cn-\u4ea4\u96c6\u201d\u6a21\u578b\u3002
1.1 RCC\u6a21\u578b
RCC\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u7531Randell\u7b49\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8fd0\u7528\u533a\u57df\u8fde\u63a5\u6f14\u7b97(RCC)\u7406\u8bba\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u7a7a\u95f4\u533a\u57df\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u7279\u5f81\u548c\u62d3\u6251\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4ee3\u6570\u62d3\u6251\u5173\u7cfb\u6a21\u578b\u3002RCC\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u4ee5\u533a\u57df\u4e3a\u57fa\u5143\u800c\u4e0d\u50cf\u70b9\u96c6\u62d3\u6251\u5b66\u4e2d\u4ee5\u70b9\u4e3a\u57fa\u5143\uff0c\u533a\u57df\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u7ef4\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u533a\u57df\u7684\u7ef4\u6570\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u8003\u86512\u7ef4\u60c5\u5f62\u65f6\uff0c\u533a\u57df\u8fb9\u754c\u548c\u533a\u57df\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u70b9\u5c06\u4e0d\u88ab\u8003\u8651\u3002RCC\u6a21\u578b\u5047\u8bbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u5173\u7cfbC(P\uff0cQ)\u8868\u793a\u533a\u57dfP\u548cQ\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u70b9\u5728\u533a\u57df\u4e2d\u6765\u7ed9\u51fa\u5173\u7cfbC\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5173\u7cfbC\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e498\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u533a\u57df\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u5219\u53ea\u53ef\u533a\u52065\u4e2a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u88ab\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3aRCC-8\u548cRCC-5\u5173\u7cfb\u96c6\uff0c
1.2 \u201cn-\u4ea4\u96c6\u201d\u6a21\u578b
\u4ece\u4e92\u65a5\u884c\u548c\u5b8c\u5907\u6027\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8b\u7269\u62d3\u6251\u5173\u7cfb\u95f4\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u5730\u4e0d\u65ad\u52a0\u6df1\uff0c\u62d3\u6251\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u6a21\u578b\u4e5f\u4ece\u56db\u4ea4\u6a21\u578b\uff084I Model\uff09\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u4e5d\u4ea4\u6a21\u578b\uff089I Model\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5230\u6700\u5927\u7ef4\u6269\u5c55\u76849\u4ea4\u6a21\u578b\uff08DE9I Model\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u518d\u5230\u57fa\u4e8eVoronoi\u56fe\u76849\u4ea4\u6a21\u578b(V9I Model)\u3002V9I\u6a21\u578b\u65e2\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u548c\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u53c8\u5c06Voronoi\u533a\u57df\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u6709\u673a\u5730\u96c6\u6210\u4e86\u4ea4\u53c9\u4e0e\u4ea4\u4e92\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u514b\u670d\u539f9\u5143\u7ec4\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u65e0\u6cd5\u533a\u5206\u76f8\u79bb\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u96be\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u8865\u7b49\u3002
\u201c n-\u4ea4\u96c6\u201d\u6a21\u578b
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2.1 \u62d3\u6251\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\u63a8\u7406
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2.3 \u62d3\u6251\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u6790
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3. \u7ed3\u8bba
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线线、点点、线面、点线、点面等的更简单。
详细请参考九交模型
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绛旓細鏈鍩烘湰鐨勬嫇鎵戝叧绯绘槸鎷撴墤鍑犱綍瀛﹀師鐞銆傛牴鎹煡璇㈢浉鍏宠祫鏂欎俊鎭紝鎷撴墤鍏崇郴鏄寚婊¤冻鎷撴墤鍑犱綍瀛﹀師鐞嗙殑鍚勭┖闂存暟鎹棿鐨勭浉浜掑叧绯伙紝鍏舵渶鍩烘湰鐨勬嫇鎵戝叧绯绘槸鎷撴墤鍑犱綍瀛﹀師鐞嗭紝鍗崇敤缁撶偣銆佸姬娈靛拰澶氳竟褰㈡墍琛ㄧず鐨勫疄浣撲箣闂寸殑閭绘帴銆佸叧鑱斻佸寘鍚拰杩為氬叧绯汇
绛旓細鎷撴墤鍏崇郴鏈夋槦鍨嬬綉銆佺幆鍨嬬綉銆佹荤嚎缃戠绫诲瀷锛屾嫇鎵戝叧绯绘寚婊¤冻鎷撴墤鍑犱綍瀛﹀師鐞嗙殑鍚勭┖闂存暟鎹棿鐨勭浉浜掑叧绯伙紝鍗崇敤缁撶偣銆佸姬娈靛拰澶氳竟褰㈡墍琛ㄧず鐨勫疄浣撲箣闂寸殑閭绘帴銆佸叧鑱斿拰鍖呭惈绛夊叧绯汇傛嫇鎵戝叧绯绘槸鎸囧浘褰㈠厓绱犱箣闂寸浉浜掔┖闂翠笂鐨勮繛鎺ャ侀偦鎺ュ叧绯诲苟涓嶈冭檻鍏蜂綋浣嶇疆銆傝繖绉嶆嫇鎵戝叧绯绘槸鐢辨暟瀛楀寲鐨勭偣銆佺嚎銆侀潰鏁版嵁褰㈡垚鐨勪互鐢ㄦ埛鐨勬煡璇㈡垨...
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