定语从句的简化
定语从句被简化成两种形式：分词和不定式。只有关系词在定语从句中作主语时，才能把定语从句简化为短语。
定语从句简化后结果必须可能是：形容词短语、分词短语和介词短语、不定式短语等作后置定语。例如：
The person who will write reports...
The person who will be writing reports...
The person who writes reports...
The person who wrote reports...
The person who is/ was writing reports...
= The person writing reports...
上例中，分词writing对应的谓语形式如此之多，定语从句简化为非谓语形式，虽然结构变得简洁了，但这是以明晰性（精确性）为代价，即逻辑语义关系的明晰性降低了，意思变得模糊了。
分词动作是没有时间概念（过去、现在、将来）的，分词动作的时间概念要通过句子谓语的时态体现出来，与它一致，这就是：“分词动作的时间与句子谓语的时间一致性原则”。
当定语从句的谓语动作的时间与主句谓语的时间不一致时，此时的定语从句通常不能改写成分词短语。
分词动作的时间一般须与句子谓语的时间一致，若不一致则不能用分词造句，而只能用定语从句。
可以简化的分词短语定语从句
一般来说，定语从句的主动式可以转换成现在分词短语，因为现在分词表示主动的动作；
定语从句的被动式可以转换成过去分词短语，因为过去分词通常表示被动的动作。
主从句的谓语动词的动作都是现在一般的动作，即为一般现在时态
They live in a room that faces the south.
They live in a room facing the south.他们住在一间朝南的房子里。
Books which are written in English are more expensive.
Books written in English are more expensive.英文书一般都较贵。（从句是被动语态，所以简化为一个过去分词written）
主从句的时间都表示现在，但主句的谓语表示一般状态，从句谓语表示现在进行动作
Do you know the boy who is playing the violin?
Do you know the boy playing the violin?你认识那个正在拉小提现琴的男孩吗？
The car that is being repaired is mine.
The car being repaired is mine.现在正在修的那辆汽车是我的。（进行被动，用being done）
主从句的谓语同为现在时间
主从句的谓语同为过去时间
He used to live in the house which faced south.
He used to live in the house facing south.他曾经住在一间朝南的房子里。
主从句的谓语时间不一致
在某些特殊情况下，尽管主句与从句谓语时间不一致，但不影响句子意思表达情况下，可以把定语从句简化为分词短语。
The girl who is playing basketball used to be very weak.
The girl playing basketball used to be very weak.正在踢足球的那个姑娘以前曾经身体瘦弱。
The car that was repaired yesterday by him is mine.
The car repaired yesterday by him is mine.昨天修的那辆汽车是我的。
无法简化成分词短语的定语从句
一般来说，若从句谓语动作发生时间先于主句谓语动作发生的时间，此时从句不能简化为分词。因为分词完成式having done或having been done不能用作定语，所以当定语从句的时态为完成时态的时候，也不能将从句简化为分词。
定语从句中含有情态动词时，如若简化为分词，则失去情态意味，因此一般不能简化。（将来时will和shall除外）
定语从句由be动词作谓语时。
在一些特殊的句子里，有时由于语义上的原因，不能转换。
定语从句与不定式
一般来说，被the only,the last,the next,序数词和最高级形容词修饰的名词，其后所接的定语从句往往要用不定式来替换。
You are the only one that can understand me.
You are the only one to understand me.
The next train that arrives is from New York.
The next train to arrive is from New York.
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