如何有效地激发学生的学习动机? 如何激发学生的学习动机

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学习动机的激发指使潜在的学习动机转化为学习的行动。学习动机的激发在于利用一定的诱因,使已形成的学习需要由潜在状态转入活动状态,使学生产生强烈的学习愿望。具体方法有以下6种:
(1)创设问题情境,实施启发式教学。就是在教学过程中提出有一定难度的问题,使学生既感到熟悉又不能单纯利用已有的知识和习惯的方法去解决,从而激起学生思维的积极性和求知欲望。
(2)根据作业难度,恰当控制动机水平。心理学家指出,动机强度与学习效率呈倒U形曲线,即学习动机的强度有一个最佳水平——动机水平适中时的学习效率最高。
(3)充分利用反馈信息,妥善进行奖惩。来自学习结果的种种反馈信息,对学习效果有明显影响。如果在提供定量的信息反馈的基础上,再加上定性的评价,效果会更明显。
(4)正确指导结果归因,促使学生继续努力。根据维纳的成败归因理论,不同的归因方式会影响个体以后的行为及动机,并且归因方式可以训练和改变。因此,可以通过改变主体的归因方式来改变主体今后的行为。
(5)注意内外动机的互相补充,相辅相成。
(6)注意个别差异。



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